Georgia: Perbedaan antara revisi

Georgia menjaga hubungan baik dengan tetangga langsungnya [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], dan [[Turki]], dan merupakan anggota [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]], [[Dewan Eropa]], [[Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia]], [[Organisasi Kerja Sama Ekonomi Laut Hitam|Organisasi Kerjasama Ekonomi Laut Hitam]], [[Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja Sama di Eropa|Organisasi Keamanan dan Kerjasama di Eropa]], [[Komunitas Pilihan Demokratis]], Organisasi [[GUAM Organisasi untuk Demokrasi dan Pembangunan Ekonomi]], [[Bank Rekonstruksi dan Pembangunan Eropa|Bank Eropa untuk Rekonstruksi dan Pembangunan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebrd.com/shareholders-and-board-of-governors.html|title=Shareholders and Board of Governors|publisher=European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228141219/http://www.ebrd.com/shareholders-and-board-of-governors.html|archive-date=28 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> dan [[Bank Pembangunan Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adb.org/countries/georgia/contacts|title=Georgia Resident Mission|publisher=Asian Development Bank|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228075054/https://www.adb.org/countries/georgia/contacts|archive-date=28 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Georgia juga memelihara hubungan politik, ekonomi, dan militer dengan [[Prancis]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/საფრანგეთის-რესპუბლიკა.aspx |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Relations between Georgia and the Republic of France |publisher=mfa.gov.ge |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225152810/http://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90.aspx |archive-date=25 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Jerman]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/გერმანიის-ფედერაციული-რესპუბლიკა.aspx |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Relations between Georgia and the Federal Republic of Germany |publisher=mfa.gov.ge |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224170751/http://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90.aspx |archive-date=24 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Israel]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=309&lang_id=ENG |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Relations between Georgia and the State of Israel |publisher=mfa.gov.ge |access-date=28 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905180216/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=309&lang_id=ENG |archive-date=5 September 2011 }}</ref> [[Jepang]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=371&lang_id=ENG |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Relations between Georgia and Japan |publisher=Mfa.gov.ge |access-date=5 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080903230319/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=371&lang_id=ENG |archive-date=3 September 2008 }}</ref> [[Korea Selatan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=386&lang_id=ENG |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Visa Information for Foreign Citizens |publisher=Mfa.gov.ge |date=30 April 2009 |access-date=5 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080903230355/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=386&lang_id=ENG |archive-date=3 September 2008 }} (South Korea is on the list of the countries whose citizens do not need a visa to enter and stay on the territory of Georgia for 360 days)</ref> [[Sri Lanka]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=379&lang_id=ENG |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka |publisher=Mfa.gov.ge |access-date=5 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080903225804/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=379&lang_id=ENG |archive-date=3 September 2008 }}</ref> [[Turki|Turkiye]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/თურქეთის-რესპუბლიკა.aspx |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Turkey |publisher=mfa.gov.ge |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224134335/http://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90.aspx |archive-date=24 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Ukraina]], <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/უკრაინა.aspx |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia – Relations between Georgia and Ukraine |publisher=mfa.gov.ge |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224132137/http://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90.aspx |archive-date=24 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Amerika Serikat]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usa.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=130 |title=Relations Between Georgia and the United States of America |publisher=usa.mfa.gov.ge |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723170356/http://usa.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=130 |archive-date=23 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> dan banyak negara lain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |title=Bilateral Relations |publisher=mfa.gov.ge |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209063421/http://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Orientasi barat Georgia yang eksplisit, memperdalam ikatan politik dengan AS dan [[Uni Eropa]], terutama melalui aspirasi keanggotaannya di UE dan [[Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara|NATO]], program bantuan militer Kereta dan Peralatan AS, dan pembangunan pipa Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan, sering kali menimbulkan ketegangan hubungan Tbilisi dengan [[Moskwa|Moskow]]. Keputusan Georgia untuk meningkatkan kehadirannya dalam pasukan koalisi di [[Irak]] merupakan prakarsa yang penting.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=8271 |title=U.S. Announces New Military Assistance Program for Georgia |publisher=Civil.Ge |date=5 November 2004 | access-date=29 December 2021 }}</ref> Uni Eropa telah mengidentifikasi Georgia sebagai calon anggota,<ref name="EU perspective">[[European Parliament]], [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P8-TA-2014-0009 Resolution 2014/2717(RSP)], 17 July 2014: "...pursuant to Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine – like any other European state – have a European perspective and may apply to become members of the Union…"</ref> dan Georgia telah mencari keanggotaan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/06/24/why-was-georgia-not-granted-eu-candidate-status |title=Why was Georgia not granted EU candidate status? |author=Jorge Liboreiro |work=Euronews |date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 November 2022}}</ref>

Pada tahun 2011, [[Dewan Atlantik Utara]] menetapkan Georgia sebagai "negara calon".<ref>[http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_81943.htm?mode=pressrelease Press Release (2011) 145]. NATO. 7 December 2011. Accessed 3 January 2011.</ref> Sejak 2014, hubungan Georgia–NATO dipandu oleh Paket Substansial NATO–Georgia (SNGP), yang mencakup Pusat Pelatihan dan Evaluasi Bersama NATO–Georgia dan fasilitasi latihan militer multinasional dan regional.<ref>{{cite web |title=Substantial NATO-Georgia Package (SNGP) |url=https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2016_06/20160614_1606-georgia-sngp-factsheet-en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910182923/http://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2016_06/20160614_1606-georgia-sngp-factsheet-en.pdf |archive-date=2016-09-10 |url-status=live |publisher=NATO |access-date=10 February 2019}}</ref>

Pada September 2019, Menteri Luar Negeri Rusia [[Sergey Lavrov]] mengatakan bahwa "NATO yang mendekati perbatasan kita merupakan ancaman bagi Rusia".<ref>{{cite news |title=Lavrov: If Georgia Joins NATO, Relations Will Be Spoiled |url=http://georgiatoday.ge/news/17482/Lavrov%3A-If-Georgia-Joins-NATO%2C-Relations-Will-Be-Spoiled |work=Georgia Today |date=26 September 2019 |access-date=2 October 2019 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927125849/http://georgiatoday.ge/news/17482/Lavrov%3A-If-Georgia-Joins-NATO%2C-Relations-Will-Be-Spoiled |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dia dikutip mengatakan bahwa jika NATO menerima keanggotaan Georgia dengan pasal tentang pertahanan kolektif yang hanya mencakup wilayah yang dikelola Tbilisi ( yaitu, tidak termasuk wilayah Georgia [[Abkhazia]] dan [[Ossetia Selatan]], yang keduanya saat ini merupakan republik pecahan yang tidak diakui yang didukung Rusia), "kami tidak akan memulai perang, tetapi tindakan seperti itu akan merusak hubungan kami dengan NATO dan dengan negara-negara yang ingin memasuki wilayah persekutuan tersebut".<ref name=LavrovNATO2019>{{cite web|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/2582 |title=Russian FM Lavrov supports resumption of flights to Georgia as Georgians 'realised consequences' of June 20|publisher=Agenda.ge |date=26 September 2019 |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>

[[George Walker Bush|George W. Bush]] menjadi presiden AS pertama yang mengunjungi negara tersebut.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4531273.stm |title=Europe &#124; Bush praises Georgian democracy |work=BBC News |date=10 May 2005 |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219051617/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4531273.stm |archive-date=19 December 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jalan menuju [[Bandar Udara Internasional Novo Alexeyevka|Bandara Internasional Tbilisi]] sejak saat itu diberi nama George W. Bush Avenue.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/us/AP-Bush.html Bush Heads to Europe for G – 8 Summit], ''The New York Times''</ref> Pada tanggal 2 Oktober 2006, Georgia dan Uni Eropa menandatangani pernyataan bersama tentang teks Rencana Aksi Georgia–Uni Eropa yang disepakati dalam [[Kebijakan Lingkungan Eropa]] (ENP). Rencana Aksi secara resmi disetujui pada sesi Dewan Kerjasama Uni Eropa-Georgia pada tanggal 14 November 2006, di [[Brussel]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=13747 |title=EU, Georgia Sign ENP Action Plan |publisher=Civil.Ge |date=3 October 2006 | access-date=29 December 2021 }}</ref> Pada Juni 2014, UE dan Georgia menandatangani [[Perjanjian Asosiasi Uni Eropa|Perjanjian Asosiasi]], yang mulai berlaku pada 1 Juli 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/9740/EU/Georgia%20Association%20Agreement |title=EU/Georgia Association Agreement |publisher=EEAS |date=13 September 2016 |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228080904/https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/9740/EU/Georgia%20Association%20Agreement |archive-date=28 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pada 13 Desember 2016, UE dan Georgia mencapai kesepakatan tentang liberalisasi visa untuk warga negara Georgia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/12/20-visa-liberalisation-georgia/ |title=Visas: Council confirms agreement on visa liberalisation for Georgia |publisher=European Council – Council of the European Union |date=20 December 2016 |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228075025/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/12/20-visa-liberalisation-georgia/ |archive-date=28 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada 27 Februari 2017, Dewan mengadopsi peraturan tentang liberalisasi visa bagi warga Georgia yang bepergian ke UE untuk masa tinggal 90 hari dalam periode 180 hari mana pun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dsms.consilium.europa.eu/952/Actions/Newsletter.aspx?messageid=10910&customerid=8798&password=enc_4343363430443232_enc |title=Visas: Council adopts regulation on visa liberalisation for Georgians |publisher=European Council – Council of the European Union |date=27 February 2017 |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227233648/http://dsms.consilium.europa.eu/952/Actions/Newsletter.aspx?messageid=10910&customerid=8798&password=enc_4343363430443232_enc |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Georgia melamar keanggotaan UE pada 3 Maret 2022, segera setelah dimulainya [[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022|invasi Rusia ke Ukraina tahun 2022]].<ref name="ge-candidacy">{{cite news|url=https://civil.ge/archives/477258|title=Georgia's PM Signs Application to Join the EU|author=Civil.ge| publisher=Civil.ge| date=3 March 2022| access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref>