| {{Flag|Muscat and Oman}}''{{efn|Muscat and Oman was de facto a British protectorate. On 4 June 1856, the Sultan who ruled from [[Stone Town]], [[Zanzibar]], died without appointing an heir. With British intervention on 6 April 1861, Zanzibar and Oman were divided into two separate principalities. Zanzibar later became a formal British protectorate, but the British influence over Muscat and Oman remained informal. In 1962 [[Persian Gulf Residency#Chronology: 1763-1971|Britain declared]] Muscat and Oman an independent nation.}}''