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Menurut [[Konstitusi Mesir]], legislasi yang baru harus sejalan dengan [[syariat Islam|hukum Islam]].<ref name="georgetown1">{{cite web |url= http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/egypt |title= Egypt |work= [[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]] |publisher= George town |accessdate= 2011-12-14 |archive-date= 2011-12-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111220145046/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/egypt |dead-url= yes }}</ref> Artikel 45 dari Konstitusi memberikan kebebasan beragama kepada tiga [[agama Abrahamik|agama Samawi]] ([[Islam]], [[Kekristenan|Kristen]] dan [[Agama Yahudi|Yudaisme]]), namun hanya untuk ketiganya.
Orang Mesir lainnya, yang berjumlah antara 10% dan 20% populasi,<ref name="pewforum.org"/> kebanyakan menganut [[Gereja Ortodoks Koptik Aleksandria]], sebuah Gereja [[Kekristenan|Kristen]] [[Gereja Ortodoks Oriental|Ortodoks Oriental]].<ref name="The world factbook/Egypt/"/><ref name="U.S.Dept of State/Egypt"/><ref name="FCO/Egypt/"/><ref name="LOOKLEX Encyclopedia/Egypt/Religions&Peoples"/><ref name="msn encarta/Egypt"/> Deklarasi paling terkini, yang dibuat oleh [[Paus Shenouda III dari Aleksandria|Paus Shenouda III]] dan uskup Morkos dari [[Shubra]] pada 2008, menyatakan bahwa jumlah penganut [[Koptik]] Ortodoks di Mesir sebesar lebih dari 12 juta orang. Perkiraan lainnya yang dibuat oleh pihak gereja memperkirakan jumlahnya sampai 16 juta orang.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Egyptian Copts reject population estimate - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online|url = http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/53839/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-Copts-reject-population-estimate.aspx|website = english.ahram.org.eg|accessdate = 2015-11-27}}</ref> Gereja-gereja Protestan mengklaim keanggotaannya sekitar 300,000 orang Mesir,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xrGL7o69KBIC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=evangelical+church+egypt+synod+nile+-wiki&source=bl&ots=0ROIIX5xGt&sig=eal5ZcOkJ8WtjZvs33GBPLYioiU&hl=en&ei=ugg8StjjEIH-sQPm--j4Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7|title=Who are the Christians in the Middle East?|accessdate=June 19, 2009|publisher=Betty Jane Bailey}}</ref> dan [[Gereja Katolik Koptik]] memperkirakan memiliki jumlah anggota yang sama di Mesir.<ref name="Al Arabiya News"/><ref name="United Copts"/> Berdasarkan pada perkiraan tersebut, total jumlah umat Kristen di Mesir berkisar antara 15% dan 20% dari total populasi 80 juta orang Mesir. Meskipun beberapa sumber pemerintah mengklaim persentsenyapersentasenya berjumlah sekitar 6 sampai 10%,<ref name="HRW WORLD ATLAS/Egypt">{{cite web|url=http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/egypt.htm|title=Egypt from "HRW WORLD ATLAS"|date=September 30, 2008 |publisher= [[Holt, Rinehart and Winston]]}}</ref><ref name="Egypt may allow first Islamist party">{{cite web | last = Abdelhadi | first = Magdi | title= Egypt may allow first Islamist party | publisher= [[BBC|BBC NEWS]]| date=October 6, 2005 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4316258.stm | accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref><ref name="Coptic Christians attacked in churches">{{cite web | last = Miles | first = Hugh| title= Coptic Christians attacked in churches| publisher= [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | date=April 15, 2006 | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/1515829/Coptic-Christians-attacked-in-churches.html|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref><ref name="Christian-Muslim Gap">{{cite web | last = Cole | first = Ethan| title=Egypt's Christian-Muslim Gap Growing Bigger | publisher= [[The Christian Post]] | date=July 8, 2008 | url = http://www.christianpost.com/article/20080708/egypt-s-christian-muslim-gap-growing-bigger.htm | accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref><ref name="Cairo Religion and Faith">{{cite web|url=http://menic.utexas.edu/cairo/modern/religion/religion.html|title=Cairo – Religion and Faith in Modern Cairo|date=October 2, 2008|publisher=[[University of Texas at Austin|The Center of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Texas at Austin (MENIC)]]|access-date=2016-11-10|archive-date=2009-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211163309/http://menic.utexas.edu/cairo/modern/religion/religion.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="Egyptian Court Allows Return to Christianity">{{cite web | last = Audi | first = Nadim | title= Egyptian Court Allows Return to Christianity | publisher= [[The New York Times|New York Times]] | date= February 11, 2008 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/11/world/africa/11egypt.html?ex=1360386000&en=03faf391c4592600&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss | accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref><ref name="International Religious Freedom Report 2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108481.htm|title= Egypt, International Religious Freedom Report 2008|date=September 19, 2008|publisher=[[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor]]}}</ref><ref name="Egypt and the Zionist plan of division">{{cite web | last = Nafaa | first = Hassan | title = Egypt and the Zionist plan of division | publisher = [[Al-Ahram Weekly]] | date = July 12, 2007 | url = http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/853/op2.htm | accessdate = 2008-10-04 | archive-date = 2008-10-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081018044747/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/853/op2.htm | dead-url = yes }}</ref> jumlah dari sumber-sumber seperti [[Washington Institute for Near East Policy|Washington Institute]], selain beberapa sumber [[Koptik]], yang menyatakan bahwa umat Kristen mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total populasi dan mengklaim bahwa mereka benar-benar masih terdiri dari 15 atau bahkan 20% dari populasi Mesir.<ref name="Washington Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2386|title=The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt|date=October 25, 2005|publisher=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32988 IPS News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212154918/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32988 |date=2012-02-12 }} (retrieved 09-27-2008)</ref><ref>[http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/1097/9710087.html]. ''The Washington Post''. "Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian population of more than 60 million." Retrieved 10-10-2008</ref><ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/article/20041207/thousands-protest-egypt-s-neglect-of-coptic-persecution.htm] The [[Christian Post]]. Accessed 28 September 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.nlgsolutions.com/packages/show_country.asp?countryid=EG NLG Solutions] <Online>. ''Egypt''. Accessed 28 September 2008.</ref><ref name="EGYPT: Attacks Raise Fear of Religious Discord">{{cite web| last = Morrow| first = Adam| title = EGYPT: Attacks Raise Fear of Religious Discord| publisher = [[Inter Press Service]]| date = April 24, 2006| url = http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32988| accessdate = 2008-10-08| archive-date = 2012-02-12| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120212154918/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32988| dead-url = yes}}</ref>
Terdapat sejumlah kecil namun signifikan dari populasi non-imigran [[Baha'i|Bahá'í]], yang diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 2,000 orang,<ref name="International Religious Freedom Report 2008"/> dan sebuah komunitas kecil [[Agama Yahudi|Yahudi]] yang berjumlah sekitar 200 orang,<ref name="International Religious Freedom Report 2008" /><ref name="Bassatine News">{{Citation | publisher = Jewish Community Council (JCC) | place = Cairo | archivedate = 2009-10-28 | url = http://geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/5855/bassa20.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091028204254/http://geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/5855/bassa20.htm | title = Bassatine News | year = 2006}}.</ref> tidak diketahui jumlah orang Mesir yang menyatakan diri sebagai [[ateisme|ateis]] dan [[agnostisisme|agnostik]] karena tanggapan publik terhadap tak beragama berisiko kekerasan. Komunitas non-Koptik dan non-Sunni berjumlah dari beberapa ratus sampai beberapa ribu. [[Agama Mesir kuno]] yang aslinya menghilang dari Mesir sebagai akibat dari agama-agama baru yang diperkenalkan ke Mesir.
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