Madinah: Perbedaan antara revisi

Madinah adalah tempat tujuan Nabi Muhammad untuk melakukan [[Hijrah]] dari Mekkah, dan secara berangsur-angsur berubah menjadi ibu kota Kekaisaran Muslim, dengan pemimpin pertama langusung oleh Nabi Muhammad, kemudian dilanjutkan oleh [[Khulafaur Rasyidin]], [[Abu Bakar]], [[Umar bin Khattab]], [[Utsman bin Affan]], dan [[Ali]]. Kota ini menjadi pusat kekuatan Islam selama berabad-abad dalam komunitas Muslim. Madinah adalah tempat bagi tiga masjid tertua yang pernah dibangun, yaitu [[Masjid Quba]], Masjid Nabawi,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hajinformation.com/main/h2022.htm |title=Masjid Quba' – Hajj |location=Saudi Arabia |publisher=Hajinformation.com |date= |accessdate=26 March 2013 |archive-date=2017-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822095754/http://www.hajinformation.com/main/h2022.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> dan [[Masjid Qiblatain]] ("masjid dua [[kiblat]]"). Umat Muslim percaya bahwa penyelesaian dari serangkaian penurunan [[surah]] [[alquran]] diterima Nabi Muhammad di Madinah, yang dikenal sebagai [[Madaniyyah|surah Madaniyah]] yang tampak perbedaannya dengan [[Makkiyyah|surah Makkiyyah]] .<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcMHD5WWL7AC&pg=PA26&dq=quran+revealed+medina+Mecca&hl=en&ei=n9wFTvG7F8q68gPK2IHfDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Historical value of the Qur'ân and the Ḥadith] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218082830/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcMHD5WWL7AC&pg=PA26&dq=quran+revealed+medina+Mecca&hl=en&ei=n9wFTvG7F8q68gPK2IHfDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2023-02-18 }} A.M. Khan</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5ShMqiiJbNYC&pg=PA61&dq=quran+revealed+medina+Mecca+surah&hl=en&ei=oOAFTry8H4as8gOv5-XpDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218082829/https://books.google.com/books?id=5ShMqiiJbNYC&pg=PA61&dq=quran+revealed+medina+Mecca+surah&hl=en&ei=oOAFTry8H4as8gOv5-XpDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2023-02-18 }} Ahmed Al-Laithy</ref>

Seperti kota Mekkah, non-Muslim tidak diperkenankan memasuki wilayah suci Madinah (tetapi tidak masuk ke bagian pusat kota) berdasarkan aturan Pemerintah Arab Saudi.<ref>{{cite book |title=What everyone needs to know about Islam |last=Esposito |first=John L. |authorlink=John Esposito |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2011 |page=25 |quote=Mecca, like Medina, is closed to non-Muslims |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wSVQI3Ya2EC&pg=PA25&dq=non-muslims+in+Mecca&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fgNZT5LBC-mqiQK3iLiaCw&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=non-muslims%20in%20Mecca&f=false |access-date=2017-01-28 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218082829/https://books.google.com/books?id=2wSVQI3Ya2EC&pg=PA25&dq=non-muslims+in+Mecca&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fgNZT5LBC-mqiQK3iLiaCw&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=non-muslims%20in%20Mecca&f=false |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=mackeyMecca>[[Sandra Mackey]]'s account of her attempt to enter Mecca in {{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom|year=1987|pages=63–64|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=0-393-32417-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=An A To Z Of Places And Things Saudi|last=Cuddihy|first=Kathy|page=148|year=2001|publisher=Stacey International|isbn=1-900988-40-2}}</ref>

{{As of|2010}}, Kota Madinah memiliki populasi sebanyak 1,183,205.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/ar-maddinah_1.pdf|title=The population of Medina 2016|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2017-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616070613/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/ar-maddinah_1.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Melihat dari sejarahnya, saat masa pra-Islam kota Yathrib diduduki oleh penduduk Yahudi. Kemudian nama kota berubah menjadi ''al-Madīna-tu n-Nabī'' atau ''al-Madīnatu 'l-Munawwarah'' ({{lang|ar|المدينة المنورة}} "kota yang bersinar" atau "kota yang bercahaya").<ref>However, an article in [http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200606/Saudi Aramco World]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by John Anthony states: "To the perhaps parochial Muslims of North Africa in fact the sanctity of [[Kairouan]] is second only to Mecca among all cities of the world." [[Saudi Aramco]]'s bimonthly magazine's goal is to broaden knowledge of the cultures, history and geography of the Arab and Muslim worlds and their connections with the West; pages 30–36 of the January/February 1967 print edition [http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/196701/the.fourth.holy.city.htm The Fourth Holy City] {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Nabi Muhammad dimakamkan di Madinah, di bawah [[Kubah Hijau]], berdampingan dengan dua [[Khulafaur Rasyidin|Khalifah Rasyidin]], [[Abu Bakar]] dan [[Umar bin Khattab]], yang dulunya merupakan rumah Nabi Muhammad.