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== Ekonomi ==
{{utama|Ekonomi Kuwait}}
[[File:Kuwait Product Exports (2019).svg|upright=1.0|thumb|300px|right|Representasi proporsional ekspor Kuwait, 2019]]
Kuwait memiliki ekonomi berbasis minyak yang kaya.<ref name="diver">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2116.html#ku|title=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA Factbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220152239/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2116.html#ku|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> Kuwait adalah salah satu negara terkaya di dunia.<ref name="usatoday"/><ref name=worldbank>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)", World Development Indicators database] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228194132/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc |date=28 February 2017}}, World Bank. Database updated on 14 April 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html GDP – per capita (PPP)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004710/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html |date=13 June 2007}}, [[The World Factbook]], Central Intelligence Agency.</ref><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&ey=2014&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=7&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2015] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129191700/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&ey=2014&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=7&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a=World |date=29 January 2016}}, [http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 International Monetary Fund]. Database updated on 6 October 2015.</ref> Dinar Kuwait menjadi satuan mata uang dengan nilai tertinggi di dunia.<ref name="curr">{{cite web|date=21 March 2012|title=10 Most Valuable Currencies in the World|url=https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/030216/6-strongest-currencies-vs-us-dollar-2016.asp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314192024/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/030216/6-strongest-currencies-vs-us-dollar-2016.asp|archive-date=14 March 2021|website=Investopedia}}</ref> Menurut Bank Dunia, Kuwait adalah negara terkaya kelima di dunia berdasarkan pendapatan nasional bruto per kapita, dan salah satu dari lima negara dengan GNI per kapita di atas $70.000.<ref name=usatoday>{{cite web|first=Grant|last=Suneson|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/07/07/richest-countries-in-the-world/39630693/|title=These are the 25 richest countries in the world|website=[[USA Today]]|date=7 July 2019}}</ref> Sebagai hasil dari berbagai kebijakan diversifikasi, minyak bumi kini menyumbang 43% dari total PDB dan 70% dari pendapatan ekspor.<ref name=newes>{{cite web|url=https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/kuwait/foreign-trade-figures|title=Foreign Trade in Figures}}</ref> Industri nonmigas terbesar adalah manufaktur baja.<ref name="steel4"/><ref name="steel"/><ref name="steel1"/><ref name="steel2"/><ref name="steel3"/>▼
▲Kuwait memiliki ekonomi berbasis minyak yang kaya.<ref name="diver">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2116.html#ku|title=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA Factbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220152239/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2116.html#ku|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref>
Dalam lima tahun terakhir, telah terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kewirausahaan dan usaha kecil yang baru dimulai di Kuwait.<ref>{{cite news |first=Naeimah |last=Al-Kharafi |url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/encouraging-social-entrepreneurship-kuwait-special-report/ |title=Encouraging social entrepreneurship in Kuwait – Special report |newspaper=Kuwait Times |date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129082746/http://news.kuwaittimes.net/encouraging-social-entrepreneurship-kuwait-special-report/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Saltzman |first=Jason |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/240022 |title=Keeping Up With Kuwaiti Connection: The Startup Circuit In Kuwait Is Up And At 'Em |magazine=Entrepreneur Middle East |date=11 November 2014}}</ref> Sektor informal juga meningkat,<ref>{{cite news |first=Jamie |last=Etheridge |url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/whats-behind-growth-kuwaits-informal-economy/ |title=What's behind the growth of Kuwait's informal economy |newspaper=Kuwait Times |date=27 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129083014/http://news.kuwaittimes.net/whats-behind-growth-kuwaits-informal-economy/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> terutama karena popularitas bisnis Instagram.<ref>{{cite news |last=Greenfield |first=Rebecca |url=http://www.thewire.com/technology/2013/07/kuwait-instagram-accounts-are-big-business/67127/|title=In Kuwait, Instagram Accounts Are Big Business |newspaper=The Wire: News for the Atlantic |date=12 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129145729/http://www.thewire.com/technology/2013/07/kuwait-instagram-accounts-are-big-business/67127/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kuo |first1=Lily |last2=Foxman |first2=Simone |url=http://qz.com/104499/a-rising-class-of-instagram-entrepreneurs-in-kuwait-is-selling-comics-make-up-and-sheep/ |title=A rising class of Instagram entrepreneurs in Kuwait is selling comics, makeup and sheep |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123114438/http://qz.com/104499/a-rising-class-of-instagram-entrepreneurs-in-kuwait-is-selling-comics-make-up-and-sheep/ |archive-date=23 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kottke.org/13/07/kuwaits-booming-instagram-economy |title=Kuwait's booming Instagram economy |website=kottke.org |date=12 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129171815/http://kottke.org/13/07/kuwaits-booming-instagram-economy |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> Pada tahun 2020, Kuwait menduduki peringkat keempat di wilayah MENA dalam pendanaan awal setelah UEA, Mesir, dan Arab Saudi.<ref name=crisis3>{{Cite web|title=Kuwait: Crisis Complicates Reform|work=[[Global Finance (magazine)|Global Finance]]|first=Chloe|last=Domat|date=February 2021|url=https://www.gfmag.com/magazine/february-2021/kuwait-crisis-complicates-reform}}</ref>▼
▲Dalam lima tahun terakhir, telah terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kewirausahaan dan usaha kecil yang baru dimulai di Kuwait.<ref>{{cite news |first=Naeimah |last=Al-Kharafi |url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/encouraging-social-entrepreneurship-kuwait-special-report/ |title=Encouraging social entrepreneurship in Kuwait – Special report |newspaper=Kuwait Times |date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129082746/http://news.kuwaittimes.net/encouraging-social-entrepreneurship-kuwait-special-report/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Saltzman |first=Jason |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/240022 |title=Keeping Up With Kuwaiti Connection: The Startup Circuit In Kuwait Is Up And At 'Em |magazine=Entrepreneur Middle East |date=11 November 2014}}</ref> [[Sektor informal]] juga meningkat,<ref>{{cite news |first=Jamie |last=Etheridge |url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/whats-behind-growth-kuwaits-informal-economy/ |title=What's behind the growth of Kuwait's informal economy |newspaper=Kuwait Times |date=27 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129083014/http://news.kuwaittimes.net/whats-behind-growth-kuwaits-informal-economy/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> terutama karena popularitas bisnis [[Instagram]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Greenfield |first=Rebecca |url=http://www.thewire.com/technology/2013/07/kuwait-instagram-accounts-are-big-business/67127/|title=In Kuwait, Instagram Accounts Are Big Business |newspaper=The Wire: News for the Atlantic |date=12 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129145729/http://www.thewire.com/technology/2013/07/kuwait-instagram-accounts-are-big-business/67127/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kuo |first1=Lily |last2=Foxman |first2=Simone |url=http://qz.com/104499/a-rising-class-of-instagram-entrepreneurs-in-kuwait-is-selling-comics-make-up-and-sheep/ |title=A rising class of Instagram entrepreneurs in Kuwait is selling comics, makeup and sheep |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123114438/http://qz.com/104499/a-rising-class-of-instagram-entrepreneurs-in-kuwait-is-selling-comics-make-up-and-sheep/ |archive-date=23 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kottke.org/13/07/kuwaits-booming-instagram-economy |title=Kuwait's booming Instagram economy |website=kottke.org |date=12 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129171815/http://kottke.org/13/07/kuwaits-booming-instagram-economy |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> Pada tahun 2020, Kuwait menduduki peringkat keempat di wilayah MENA dalam pendanaan awal setelah [[Uni Emirat Arab|UEA]], [[Mesir]], dan [[Arab Saudi]].<ref name=crisis3>{{Cite web|title=Kuwait: Crisis Complicates Reform|work=[[Global Finance (magazine)|Global Finance]]|first=Chloe|last=Domat|date=February 2021|url=https://www.gfmag.com/magazine/february-2021/kuwait-crisis-complicates-reform}}</ref>
Pada tahun 2019, Irak adalah pasar ekspor utama Kuwait dan produk makanan/pertanian menyumbang 94,2% dari total komoditas ekspor.<ref name=hktdc>{{cite web|url=https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MzU3OTgyNjcw|title=Kuwait: Market Profile|date=30 April 2021|website=[[Hong Kong Trade Development Council]]}}</ref> Secara global, produk ekspor utama Kuwait adalah bahan bakar mineral termasuk minyak (89,1% dari total ekspor), pesawat terbang dan pesawat ruang angkasa (4,3%), bahan kimia organik (3,2%), plastik (1,2%), besi dan baja (0,2%), permata dan logam mulia (0,1%), mesin termasuk komputer (0,1%), aluminium (0,1%), tembaga (0,1%), dan garam, belerang, batu dan semen (0,1%).<ref name=exports>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldstopexports.com/kuwaits-top-10-exports/|title=Kuwait's Top 10 Exports}}</ref> Kuwait adalah pengekspor hidrokarbon tersulfonasi, nitrasi, dan nitrosasi terbesar di dunia pada tahun 2019.<ref name=exports1>{{cite web|url=https://oec.world/en/profile/country/kwt|title=Kuwait|website=[[The Observatory of Economic Complexity]]}}</ref> Kuwait menduduki peringkat ke-63 dari 157 negara dalam Indeks Kompleksitas Ekonomi (ECI) 2019.<ref name=exports1/>▼
▲Pada tahun 2019, Irak adalah pasar ekspor utama Kuwait dan produk makanan/pertanian menyumbang 94,2% dari total komoditas ekspor.<ref name=hktdc>{{cite web|url=https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MzU3OTgyNjcw|title=Kuwait: Market Profile|date=30 April 2021|website=[[Hong Kong Trade Development Council]]}}</ref> Secara global, produk ekspor utama Kuwait adalah bahan bakar mineral termasuk minyak (89,1% dari total ekspor), pesawat terbang dan pesawat ruang angkasa (4,3%), bahan kimia organik (3,2%), plastik (1,2%), besi dan baja (0,2%), permata dan logam mulia (0,1%), mesin termasuk komputer (0,1%), aluminium (0,1%), tembaga (0,1%), dan garam, belerang, batu dan semen (0,1%).<ref name=exports>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldstopexports.com/kuwaits-top-10-exports/|title=Kuwait's Top 10 Exports}}</ref> Kuwait adalah pengekspor hidrokarbon tersulfonasi, nitrasi, dan nitrosasi terbesar di dunia pada tahun 2019.<ref name=exports1>{{cite web|url=https://oec.world/en/profile/country/kwt|title=Kuwait|website=[[The Observatory of Economic Complexity]]}}</ref> Kuwait menduduki peringkat ke-63 dari 157 negara dalam [[Indeks Kompleksitas Ekonomi]] (ECI) 2019.<ref name=exports1/>
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, Kuwait telah memberlakukan langkah-langkah tertentu untuk mengatur tenaga kerja asing karena masalah keamanan. Misalnya, pekerja dari Georgia tunduk pada pengawasan ketat saat mengajukan visa masuk, dan larangan langsung diberlakukan terhadap masuknya pekerja rumah tangga dari Guinea-Bissau dan Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Citing Security Concerns, Kuwait Bans Entry to These Nationalities| work = Al Bawaba| access-date = 8 November 2018| date = 8 November 2018| url = https://www.albawaba.com/business/citing-security-concerns-kuwait-bans-entry-these-nationalities-1210600}}</ref> Pekerja dari Bangladesh juga dilarang.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Kuwait Re-Activates Ban on Bangladeshi Workers| work = Al Bawaba| access-date = 8 November 2018| date = 5 March 2018| url = https://www.albawaba.com/news/kuwait-re-activates-ban-bangladeshi-workers-1097934}}</ref> Pada April 2019, Kuwait menambahkan Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Bhutan, Guinea, dan Guinea-Bissau ke dalam daftar negara terlarang sehingga totalnya menjadi 20. Menurut Hak Migran, larangan diberlakukan terutama karena fakta bahwa negara-negara ini kekurangan kedutaan besar dan perusahaan tenaga kerja di Kuwait.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/70-of-domestic-workers-in-kuwait-have-expired-contracts-1.75626878#:~:text=Ban%20on%20new%20recruitment%20of%20domestic%20workers&text=In%20April%202019%2C%20Kuwait%20added,bringing%20the%20total%20to%2020|title = 70% of domestic workers in Kuwait have expired contracts}}</ref>▼
▲Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, Kuwait telah memberlakukan langkah-langkah tertentu untuk mengatur tenaga kerja asing karena masalah keamanan. Misalnya, pekerja dari [[Georgia]] tunduk pada pengawasan ketat saat mengajukan visa masuk, dan larangan langsung diberlakukan terhadap masuknya pekerja rumah tangga dari [[Guinea-Bissau]] dan [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Citing Security Concerns, Kuwait Bans Entry to These Nationalities| work = Al Bawaba| access-date = 8 November 2018| date = 8 November 2018| url = https://www.albawaba.com/business/citing-security-concerns-kuwait-bans-entry-these-nationalities-1210600}}</ref> Pekerja dari [[Bangladesh]] juga dilarang.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Kuwait Re-Activates Ban on Bangladeshi Workers| work = Al Bawaba| access-date = 8 November 2018| date = 5 March 2018| url = https://www.albawaba.com/news/kuwait-re-activates-ban-bangladeshi-workers-1097934}}</ref> Pada April 2019, Kuwait menambahkan
Kuwait saat ini dianggap sebagai negara yang paling bergantung pada minyak di kawasan ini dengan diversifikasi ekonomi terendah.<ref name="economic4" /><ref name="toolate" /><ref name="least_developed">{{cite web|date=15 February 2021|title=Expat Exodus Adds To Gulf Region's Economic Diversification|url=https://www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/research/articles/210215-expat-exodus-adds-to-gulf-region-s-economic-diversification-challenges-11800970|website=[[S&P Global]]}}</ref>
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