Kuwait: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tag: halaman dengan galat kutipan Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
Tag: halaman dengan galat kutipan Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
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=== Bahasa ===
Bahasa resmi Kuwait adalah Bahasa Arab Standar Modern, tetapi penggunaan sehari-hari terbatas pada jurnalisme dan pendidikan. Bahasa Arab Kuwait adalah varian bahasa Arab yang digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.<ref>[http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55661/1/U584180.pdf page 19] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713142832/http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55661/1/U584180.pdf |date=13 July 2016}}</ref> Bahasa Inggris dipahami secara luas dan sering digunakan sebagai bahasa bisnis. Selain bahasa Inggris, bahasa Prancis diajarkan sebagai bahasa ketiga untuk siswa humaniora di sekolah, tetapi hanya untuk dua tahun. Bahasa Arab Kuwait adalah varian Bahasa Arab Teluk, yang memiliki kesamaan dengan dialek daerah pesisir tetangga di Arab Timur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kuwait.tt/articledetails.aspx?Id=161203|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120084008/http://kuwait.tt/articledetails.aspx?Id=161203|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2015|title=خالد الرشيد: "اللهجة الكويتية" "مظلومة" في مدارسنا.. لأن أغلب معلمينا وافدون|date=20 January 2015}}</ref> Karena imigrasi selama sejarah pra-minyak serta perdagangannya, bahasa Arab Kuwait meminjam banyak kata dari bahasa Persia, bahasa India, bahasa Balochi, Turki, Inggris, dan Italia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.p2bk.com/mag/mag_jan2011.pdf|title=page 28|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713142830/http://www.p2bk.com/mag/mag_jan2011.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2016}}</ref>
Karena imigrasi historis, Persia Kuwait digunakan di kalangan Ajam Kuwait.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Alhabib|first=Mohammad E.|url=http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=history_theses|title=The Shia Migration from Southwestern Iran to Kuwait: Push-Pull Factors during the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|work=[[Georgia State University]]|year=2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227165722/http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=history_theses|archive-date=27 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/nacil/pdfs/abstracts/Gazsi_NACIL1.pdf|title=The Persian Dialects of the Ajam in Kuwait|work=The University of Iowa|first=Dénes|last=Gazsi}}</ref> Sub-dialek Iran Larestani, Khonji, Bastaki dan Gerashi juga mempengaruhi kosa kata bahasa Arab Kuwait.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=euezAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|title=Lang & Linguistic in Bahrain|work=Al-Tajir|date=2013|pages=11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105063055/http://books.google.com/books?id=euezAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&dq|archive-date=5 January 2014|isbn=9781136136269|last1=Al-Tajir}}</ref> Sebagian besar warga Syiah Kuwait adalah keturunan Iran.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9TkD3ugwEUC&pg=PA190|title=Citizenship and the State in the Middle East: Approaches and Applications|work=Nils August Butenschøn, Uri Davis, Manuel Sarkis Hassassian|date=2000|pages=190|isbn=9780815628293|last1=Butenschon|first1=Nils A.|last2=Davis|first2=Uri|last3=Hassassian|first3=Manuel}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://michaelherb.net/herb_shia_gulf.pdf|title=Ethnic Conflict and International Politics in the Middle East |year=1999 |pages=164 |quote=Unlike the Shi'a of Saudi Arabia or Bahrain, the Kuwaiti Shi'a mostly are of Persian descent. |isbn=9780813016870 |last1=Binder |first1=Leonard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208101957/http://books.google.com/books?id=h96DAuS0dLkC&pg=PA164&dq |archive-date=8 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yczrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |title=Business Politics in the Middle East |work=Rivka Azoulay |year=2013 |pages=71|isbn=9781849042352 |last1=Hertog |first1=Steffen |last2=Luciani |first2=Giacomo |last3=Valeri |first3=Marc}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dM4hPlxMw8C&pg=PA533 |title=Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society |work=Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach |year=2002 |pages=533|isbn=0801464897 |last1=Ende |first1=Werner |last2=Steinbach |first2=Udo}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6EBeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA135|title=Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf|work=Lawrence G. Potter|pages=135|isbn=9780190237967|last1=Potter|first1=Lawrence G.|date=June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B8wnEtH8oDgC&pg=PA47|title=Transnational Shia Politics: Religious and Political Networks in the Gulf|work=Laurence Louër|pages=47|isbn=9781849042147|last1=Louër|first1=Laurence|year=2011}}</ref>
== Budaya ==
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