Actinopterygii: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Muhammad Anas Sidik (bicara | kontrib)
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
Muhammad Anas Sidik (bicara | kontrib)
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
Baris 24:
 
=== Subkelas [[Cladistii]] (Pander, 1860) ===
** Ordo †[[Guildayichthyiformes]] Lund 2000
** Ordo [[Polypteriformes]] ([[bichir]]s and [[reedfish]]es)<ref>Dalam Nelson, [[Polypteriformes]] ditempatkan dalam subkelasnya sendiri [[Cladistia]].</ref>
=== Subkelas [[Actinopteri]] (Cope ,1972) ===
** Ordo †[[Tarrasiiformes]]
** Ordo †[[Cheirolepidiformes]]
** Ordo †[[Paramblypteriformes]] Heyler 1969
** Ordo †[[Rhadinichthyiformes]]
** Ordo †[[Phanerorhynchiformes]]
** Ordo †[[Luganoiiformes]] Lehman 1958
** Ordo †[[Haplolepidiformes]]
** Ordo †[[Ptycholepiformes]]
** Ordo †[[Platysomiformes]]
** Ordo †[[Palaeonisciformes]]
** Ordo †[[Pholidopleuriformes]]
** Ordo †[[Peltopleuriformes]]
** Ordo †[[Perleidiformes]]
==== Infra kelas [[Chondrostei]] ====
** Ordo [[Acipenseriformes]] ([[sturgeon]]s and [[paddlefish]]es)
** Ordo †[[Saurichthyiformes]]
==== Infra kelas [[Neopterygii]] (Regan, 1923) ====
** Ordo †[[Pachycormiformes]]
==== Infra kelas [[Holostei]] ====
** Ordo †[[Parasemionotiformes]] Lehman 1966
** Ordo †[[Ionoscopiformes]] Grande & Bemis 1998
** Ordo †[[Pycnodontiformes]] Berg 1937
** Ordo †[[Semionotiformes]] Arambourg & Bertin 1958
** Ordo [[Lepisosteiformes]] ([[gar]]s)
** Ordo [[Amiiformes]] ([[bowfin]]s)
==== Infra kelas [[Teleostei]] (Müller, 1844) ====
** Ordo [[Aspidorhynchiformes]]
** Ordo [[Pholidophoriformes]]
** Ordo [[Leptolepidiformes]]
**** '''[[Teleocephala]]'''
***** '''Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]]''' Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999
* Superordo([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
****** Ordo [[Elopiformes]] ([[ladyfish]]es dan [[tarpon]])
****** Ordo [[Albuliformes]] (bonefishes)
****** Ordo [[Notacanthiformes]] ([[halosaurs]] dan [[spiny eel]]s)
****** Ordo [[Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 ([[sidat]] sejati)
***** '''Megacohort [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999
****** '''Supercohort [[Osteoglossocephala]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Osteoglossomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
******* Ordo †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
******* Ordo †[[Lycopteriformes]]
******* Ordo [[Osteoglossiformes]] (bony-tongued fishes)
******* Ordo [[Hiodontiformes]] ([[mooneye]] dan [[goldeye]])
****** '''Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]]''' Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
******* Ordo †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989
******* Ordo †[[Tselfatiiformes]] Nelson 1994
******* '''Cohort [[Otomorpha]]''' ([[Otocephala]]; [[Ostarioclupeomorpha]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Clupei]]''' ([[Clupeomorpha]])
********* Ordo †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982
********* Ordo [[Clupeiformes]] ([[herring]] dan [[teri]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Alepocephali]]'''
********* Ordo [[Alepocephaliformes]]
******** '''Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]]''' Sagemehl 1885
********* '''Section [[Anotophysa]]''' Rosen 1970
********** Ordo [[Gonorynchiformes]] ([[milkfish]]es)
********* '''Section [[Otophysa]]''' Garstang 1931
********** Ordo [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[danio]], [[ikan mas]], [[Loach (ikan)|loach]], [[minnow]], [[rasbora]])
********** Ordo [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]], [[ikan pensil]], [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]], [[tetra]], [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]])
********** Ordo [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[Sidat listrik]] dan [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefishes]])
********** Ordo [[Siluriformes]] ([[lele]])
******* '''Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]]''' ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996])
******** '''Subcohort [[Lepidogalaxii]]'''
********* Ordo [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]]
******** '''Subcohort [[Protacanthopterygii]]''' sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996
********* Ordo [[Argentiniformes]] ([[barreleye]]s and [[slickhead]]s) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
********* Ordo [[Galaxiiformes]]
********* Ordo [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] dan [[trout]])
********* Ordo [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Stomiati]]'''
********* Ordo [[Osmeriformes]] ([[Smelt (fish)|smelts]])
********* Ordo [[Stomiatiformes]] ([[bristlemouth]] dan [[marine hatchetfish]]es)
******** '''Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]]''' Nelson 1969
********* '''Infracohort [[Ateleopodia]]'''
********** Ordo [[Ateleopodiformes]] ([[jellynose fish]])
********* '''Infracohort [[Eurypterygia]]''' Rosen 1973
********** '''Section [[Aulopa]]''' [Cyclosquamata]
*********** Ordo [[Aulopiformes]] ([[Bombay duck]] dan [[lancetfish]]es)
********** '''Section [[Ctenosquamata]]''' Rosen 1973
*********** '''Subsection [[Myctophata]]''' [Scopelomorpha]
************ Ordo [[Myctophiformes]] ([[lanternfish]]es)
*********** '''Subsection [[Acanthomorphata]]'''
************ '''Division [[Lampridacea]]''' [Lampridiomorpha]
************* Ordo [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] dan [[ribbonfishes]])
************ '''Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]]''' sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937)
************* Ordo [[Percopsiformes]] ([[Amblyopsidae|cavefishes]] dan [[trout-perch]]es)
************* Ordo †[[Sphenocephaliformes]]
************* Ordo [[Zeiiformes]] ([[dori (ikan)|dori]])
************* Ordo [[Stylephoriformes]]
************* Ordo [[Gadiformes]] ([[kod]])
************ '''Divisi [[Polymixiacea]]''' ([[Polymyxiomorpha]])
************* Ordo †[[Pattersonichtyiformes]]
************* Ordo †[[Ctenothrissiformes]]
************* Ordo [[Polymixiiformes]] ([[beardfish]]es)
************ '''Divisi [[Euacanthomorphacea]]''' sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 ([[Acanthopterygii]] Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994)
************* '''Subdivisi [[Berycimorphaceae]]'''
************** Ordo [[Beryciformes]] ([[fangtooth]]s and [[pineconefish]]es)
************* '''Subdivisi [[Holocentrimorphaceae]] ''' ([[Stephanoberyciformes]]; [[Cetomimiformes]])
************** Ordo [[Holocentriformes]]
************* '''Subdivisi [[Percomorphaceae]]''' ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]])
************** '''Seri [[Ophidiimopharia]]'''
*************** Ordo [[Ophidiiformes]] ([[pearlfish]]es)
************** '''Seri [[Batrachoidimopharia]]'''
*************** Ordo [[Batrachoidiformes]] ([[Batrachoididae|toadfishes]])
************** '''Seri [[Gobiomopharia]]'''
*************** Ordo [[Kurtiformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Gobiiformes]]
************** '''Seri [[Scombrimopharia]]'''
*************** Ordo [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[Kuda laut]] dan [[pipefish]]<ref>Dalam Nelson dan ITIS, [[Syngnathiformes]] ditempatkan dalam subordo Syngnathoidei dari ordo [[Gasterosteiformes]].</ref>)
*************** Ordo [[Scombriformes]]
************** '''Seri [[Carangimopharia]]'''
*************** '''Sub Seri [[Anabantaria]]'''
**************** Ordo [[Synbranchiformes]] ([[swamp eel]]s)
**************** Ordo [[Anabantiformes]] ([[Labyrinthici]])
*************** '''Sub Seri [[Carangaria]]'''
**************** Carangaria incertae sedis
**************** Ordo [[Istiophoriformes]]
**************** Ordo [[Carangiformes]]
**************** Ordo [[Pleuronectiformes]] ([[flatfish]]es)
*************** '''Sub Seri [[Ovalentaria]]''' sensu Smith & Near 2012 ([[Stiassnyiformes]] sensu Li et al. 2009)
**************** Ovalentaria incertae sedis
**************** Ordo [[Pholidichthyiformes]]
**************** Ordo [[Cichliformes]]
**************** Ordo [[Atheriniformes]] ([[Silverside (fish)|silversides]] and [[rainbowfish]]es)
**************** Ordo [[Cyprinodontiformes]] ([[live-bearing aquarium fish|livebearers]], [[killifish]]es)
**************** Ordo [[Beloniformes]] ([[flyingfish]]es) [incl. Gobiesociformes<ref>Dalam ITIS, [[Gobiesociformes]] ditempatkan dalam subordo Gobiesocoidei dari ordo [[Perciformes]].</ref>]
**************** Ordo [[Mugiliformes]] ([[mullet (fish)|mullets]])
**************** Ordo [[Blenniiformes]]
************** '''Seri [[Eupercaria]]''' ([[Percomorpharia]])
*************** Eupercaria incertae sedis
*************** Ordo [[Labriformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Ephippiformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Lobotiformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Acanthuriformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Chaetodontiformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Spariformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Lophiiformes]] ([[anglerfish]]es)
*************** Ordo [[Tetraodontiformes]] ([[filefish]]es and [[pufferfish]])
*************** Ordo [[Uranoscopiformes]] ([[Paratrachinoidei]] sensu Li et al. 2009)
*************** Ordo [[Pempheriformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Centrarchiformes]]
*************** Ordo [[Perciformes]] (40% dari semua ikan, termasuk [[Anabantidae]], [[Centrarchidae]] (termasuk [[bass (ikan)|bass]] dan mola-mola), [[cichlid]], [[gobi]], [[gurami]], [[makarel]], [[tuna]], [[perch]]es, [[Scatophagidae|scats]], [[whiting (fish)|whiting]], [[wrass]], [[cupang (ikan)|cupang]]) (termasuk [[Gasterosteiformes]]; [[Scorpaeniformes]])
 
==Referensi==