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'''Israel''' ([[IPA (linguistik)|IPA]]: [[Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Indonesia|{{IPA|[ɪsra.ɛl]}}]]; {{lang-he|מדינת ישראל|translit=Medinat Yisrā‘el}}; {{lang-ar|الدولة إسرائيل|translit=al-Dawlat Isrā'īl}}) adalah sebuah [[Negaranegara boneka|Negara Boneka]] bentukan [[Amerika Serikat]] Dan [[Eropa]] di [[Asia Barat]] yang dikelilingi oleh [[Laut Tengah]], [[Lebanon]], [[Suriah]], [[Negara Palestina|Palestina]], [[Yordania]], [[Mesir]]. Selain itu, dikelilingi pula dua daerah [[Otoritas Nasional Palestina]]: [[Jalur Gaza]] dan [[Tepi Barat]]. Dengan populasi sebesar 7,5 juta jiwa, Israel merupakan satu-satunya negara [[bangsa Yahudi|Yahudi]] di dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&year=2007&country=7199 |work=Country Report |title=Israel |publisher=[[Freedom House]] |year=2007 |accessdate=2007-07-15 |archive-date=2007-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715095256/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&year=2007&country=7199 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Selain itu, terdapat pula beberapa kelompok [[etnis]] minoritas lainnya, meliputi etnis Arab yang berkewarganegaraan Israel, beserta kelompok-kelompok keagamaan lainnya seperti [[Islam]], [[Kristen]], [[Druze]], [[Orang Samaria|Samaria]] dan lain-lain.
 
Pendirian negara modern Israel berakar dari konsep [[Tanah Israel]] (''Eretz Yisrael''), sebuah konsep pusat [[Yudaisme]] sejak zaman kuno,<ref name=britannnicajudaism>{{Cite encyclopedia
Baris 23 ⟶ 22:
}}</ref> Sejak awal pembentukan Negara Israel, batas negara Israel beserta hak Israel untuk berdiri telah dipertentangkan oleh banyak pihak, terutama oleh negara Arab dan para pengungsi Palestina. Israel telah menandatangani perjanjian damai dengan [[Mesir]] dan [[Yordania]], namun usaha perdamaian antara [[Palestina]] dan Israel sampai saat ini belum berhasil.
 
Israel merupakan negara [[Fasismedemokrasi]] dengan [[Zionismesistem parlementer|sistem pemerintahan zionismeparlementer]] dan [[hak pilih universal]].<ref>{{harvnb|Rummel|1997|p=257}}. "A current list of liberal democracies includes: Andorra, Argentina, ..., Cyprus, ..., Israel, ..."</ref><ref>{{citeweb |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=70&release=317 |title=Global Survey 2006: Middle East Progress Amid Global Gains in Freedom |accessdate=2007-07-01 |date=2005-12-19 |publisher=Freedom House |archive-date=2008-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527154420/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=70&release=317 |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Perdana Menteri Israel]] menjabat sebagai [[kepala pemerintahan]] dan [[Knesset]] bertugas sebagai badan legislatif Israel. Dalam hal [[produk domestik bruto]], ekonomi negara ini menduduki peringkat ke-28 di dunia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Outlook|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO|website=IMF|language=en|access-date=2023-01-25|archive-date=2023-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127154844/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO|dead-url=no}}</ref> Israel memiliki peringkat [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]] ,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/ |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |title=Human Development Report 2006 |accessdate=2007-07-15 |archive-date=2007-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713203022/http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[kebebasan pers]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |publisher=Reporters Without Borders |title=Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2007 |accessdate=2008-02-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017110631/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archivedate=2007-10-17 |dead-url=no }}</ref> dan daya saing ekonomi<ref name="wef">{{cite web |url=http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/Global%20Competitiveness%20Report/index.htm |title=Global Competitiveness Report 2006-2007 |publisher=World Economic Forum |date=2007-02-14 |accessdate=2007-07-15 |archive-date=2008-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619083349/http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/Global%2BCompetitiveness%2BReport/index.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan negara-negara Arab di sekitarnya.
 
== Etimologi ==
Baris 60 ⟶ 59:
[[Berkas:Herzl-balcony.jpg|kiri|jmpl|lurus|[[Theodor Herzl]], penggagas Negara Yahudi, pada tahun 1901.]]
 
Imigrasi dalam skala besar, dikenal sebagai [[Aliyah (Israel)|Aliyah Pertama]] (Bahasa Ibrani: עלייה), dimulai pada tahun 1881, yakni pada saat orang-orang Yahudi melarikan diri dari [[pogrom]] di [[Eropa Timur]].<ref name="aliyot">{{cite web|title=Immigration|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/immigtoc.html|work=Jewish Virtual Library|publisher=The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise|accessdate=2007-07-12|archive-date=2011-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804221509/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/immigtoc.html|archive-date=2011-08-04|dead-url=no|accessdate=2007-07-12}} The source provides information on the First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Aliyot in their respective articles. The White Paper leading to Aliyah Bet is discussed [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/Aliyah_during_war.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514235920/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/Aliyah_during_war.html |date=2008-05-14 }}.</ref> Manakala gerakan Zionisme telah ada sejak dahulu kala, [[Theodor Herzl]] merupakan orang Yahudi pertama yang mendirikan gerakan politik [[Zionisme]],<ref>{{harvnb|Kornberg|1993}} "How did Theodor Herzl, an assimilated German nationalist in the 1880s, suddenly in the 1890s become the founder of Zionism?"</ref> yakni gerakan yang bertujuan mendirikan negara Yahudi di [[Tanah Israel]].<ref>{{harvnb|Herzl|1946|p=11}}</ref> Pada tahun 1896, Herzl menerbitkan buku ''[[Der Judenstaat]]'' (''Negara Yahudi''), memaparkan visinya tentang negara masa depan Yahudi; Tahun berikutnya ia kemudian mengetuai [[Kongres Zionis Sedunia]] pertama.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/Compelling+Content/Eye+on+Israel/120/Chapter+One+The+Heralders+of+Zionism.htm |publisher=Jewish Agency for Israel |title=Chapter One: The Heralders of Zionism |accessdate=2007-07-12 |archive-date=2009-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427070421/http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/Compelling+Content/Eye+on+Israel/120/Chapter+One+The+Heralders+of+Zionism.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
 
[[Aliyah (Israel)#Aliyah Kedua .281904-1914.29|Aliyah Kedua]] (1904–1914) dimulai setelah terjadinya [[pogrom Kishinev]]. Sekitar 40.000 orang Yahudi kemudian berpindah ke Palestina.<ref name="aliyot" /> Baik gelombang pertama dan kedua migrasi tersebut utamanya adalah [[Yudaisme Ortodoks|Yahudi Ortodoks]],<ref>{{harvnb|Stein|2003|p=88}}. "As with the First Aliyah, most Second Aliyah migrants were non-Zionist orthodox Jews..."</ref> namun pada Aliyah Kedua ini juga meliputi pelopor-pelopor gerakan ''[[kibbutz]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Romano|2003|p=30}}</ref> Selama [[Perang Dunia I]], Menteri Luar Negeri Britania [[Arthur Balfour]] mengeluarkan pernyataan yang dikenal sebagai [[Deklarasi Balfour 1917|Deklarasi Balfour]], yaitu deklarasi yang mendukung pendirian negara Yahudi di tanah Palestina. Atas permintaan [[Edwin Samuel Montagu]] dan [[Lord Curzon]], disisipkan pula pernyataan "''it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country''".<ref name=macintyre>{{Cite news
Baris 122 ⟶ 121:
{{main|Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009}}
{{main|Konflik Israel-Palestina}}
Pada bulan Juli tahun 2006, serangan [[Hezbollah]] ke Israel Utara beserta penculikan dua tentara Israel memicu terjadinya [[Perang Lebanon Kedua]].<ref name="UN1701">[http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8808.doc.htm 'Permanent Ceasefire to Be Based on Creation Of Buffer Zone Free of Armed Personnel Other than UN, Lebanese Forces'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130025538/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8808.doc.htm |date=2009-01-30 }} [[United Nations Security Council]], August 11, 2006{{br}}- escalation of hostilities in Lebanon and in Israel since Hizbollah’s attack on Israel on July 12, 2006</ref><ref name="HRTZ_Harel">{{cite web
| url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=737825
| title=Hezbollah kills 8 soldiers, kidnaps two in offensive on northern border
Baris 267 ⟶ 266:
Israel memiliki program [[wajib belajar]] bagi anak-anak berumur antara tiga sampai dengan delapan belas tahun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/883341.html|work=Haaretz|accessdate=2007-08-05|date=2007-07-19|title=Knesset raises school dropout age to 18|last=Kashti|first=Or|coauthors=Shahar Ilan|archive-date=2007-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001043810/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/883341.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/1/Summary+of+the+principal+laws+relating+to+educatio.htm |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Summary of the Principal Laws Related to Education |date=2003-01-26 |accessdate=2007-08-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050327232901/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/1/Summary+of+the+principal+laws+relating+to+educatio.htm |archivedate=2005-03-27 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Tahapan-tahapan sekolah dibagi menjadi tiga tahap: [[sekolah dasar]] (tingkat 1-6), [[sekolah menengah pertama]] (tingkat 7-9), dan [[sekolah menengah atas]] (tingkat 10-12). Tahapan sekolah berakhir dengan ujian akhir yang disebut ''[[Bagrut]]''. Kemahiran di mata-mata pelajaran utama seperti [[matematika]], [[Alkitab Ibrani]], [[Bahasa Ibrani]], literatur Ibrani dan umum, [[Bahasa Inggris]], sejarah, dan pendidikan kewarganegaraan diperlukan untuk mendapatkan sertifikat Bagrut.<ref name="moia">{{cite web |url=http://www.moia.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/9FBC4448-CB15-4309-BA82-96DC681E7A11/0/education_en.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Immigrant Absorption |format=PDF |title=Education |accessdate=2007-08-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807233554/http://www.moia.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/9FBC4448-CB15-4309-BA82-96DC681E7A11/0/education_en.pdf |archivedate=2007-08-07 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Dalam sekolah-sekolah Arab, Kristen, dan [[Druze]], ujian kajian Alkitab Ibrani digantikan dengan ujian dalam mata pelajaran [[Islam]], [[Kristen]], ataupun [[Druze]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/oseas/bagrut.html |publisher=United States-Israel Educational Foundation via the University of Szeged University Library |title=The Israeli Matriculation Certificate |accessdate=2007-08-05 |month=January |year=1996 |archive-date=2017-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915073741/http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/oseas/bagrut.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pada tahun 2003, lebih dari separuh murid tingkat 12 Israel mendapatkan sertifikat ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton56/st08_21.pdf|format=PDF|title=Pupils in Grade XII, matriculation examinees and entitled to a certificate|accessdate=2007-07-02|publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702192314/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton56/st08_21.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
[[Berkas:Solar dish at Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center in Israel.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Parabola surya terbesar di dunia di Pusat Energi Solar Nasional Ben-Gurion.<ref name="Register">[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/01/25/faiman_negev_solar_plan/ Giant solar plants in Negev could power Israel's future] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117111537/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/01/25/faiman_negev_solar_plan/ |date=2013-01-17 }}, John Lettice, ''[[The Register]]'', 2008-01-25</ref>]]
Delapan universitas negeri Israel disubsidi oleh negara.<ref name="moia" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelemb.org/highered/highed.html |title=Higher Education in Israel |accessdate=2007-09-10 |publisher=Embassy of Israel in Washington, DC |archive-date=2013-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621050930/http://embassies.gov.il/error.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> Perpustakaan Universitas dan Nasional Yahudi yang menyimpan buku-buku bertopik Yahudi terbesar di dunia berada di [[Universitas Ibrani Yerusalem]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/history.html |publisher=Jewish National and University Library |title=About the Library |accessdate=2007-08-05 |archive-date=2007-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421084915/http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/history.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Universitas Ibrani Yerusalem menduduki peringkat 100 besar universitas ternama di dunia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006_Top100.htm |title=Top 500 World Universities (1-100) |publisher=Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University |accessdate=2007-07-02 |year=2006 |archive-date=2007-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023181108/http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006_Top100.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arwu.org/ARWU2009.jsp |title=Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2009 |publisher=Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University |accessdate=2009-11-14 |year=2009 |archive-date=2013-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323035909/http://www.arwu.org/ARWU2009.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref> berdasarkan pemeringkatan Universitas Jiao Tong Shanghai. Universitas utama lainnya di Israel meliputi [[Technion]], [[Institut Sains Weizmann]], [[Universitas Tel Aviv]], [[Universitas Bar-Ilan]], [[Universitas Haifa]], dan [[Universitas Ben-Gurion Negev]]. Israel berada pada peringkat ketiga di dunia dalam hal jumlah sarjana akademik per kapita (20% populasi).<ref name="consulate">{{cite web |url=http://www.israelfm.org/economic/investing/top_ten.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716015552/http://www.israelfm.org/economic/investing/top_ten.htm |archivedate=2007-07-16 |title=Top Ten Reasons to Invest in Israel |publisher=Israeli Consulate, New York City |accessdate=2007-08-01 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.american.edu/initeb/as5415a/Israel_ICT/itWork.html |publisher=American University |title=Israel: IT Workforce |accessdate=2007-08-14 |work=Information Technology Landscape in Nations Around the World |archive-date=2006-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060913013444/http://www.american.edu/initeb/as5415a/Israel_ICT/itWork.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Israel merupakan negara yang terdepan dalam hal jumlah artikel ilmiah riset sel punca per kapita sejak tahun 2000<ref name="scell">{{cite web |http://www.the-scientist.com/news/print/23240/|work=The Scientist|date=2009-03-21 |accessdate=2009-11-14|title=Stem cell density highest in Israel}}</ref>
 
Baris 301 ⟶ 300:
Banyak penduduk Israel yang dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik dalam bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena banyaknya jumlah imigran Yahudi yang berimigrasi ke Israel, terdapat pula bahasa-bahasa lain yang dapat terdengar di jalanan-jalanan Israel sehari-hari. [[Bahasa Rusia]] dan [[bahasa Amhar]] dituturkan secara meluas<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-08-16-1816635503_x.htm Israel's Welcome for Ethiopian Jews Wears Thin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202195913/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-08-16-1816635503_x.htm |date=2011-02-02 }}. ''USA Today'' 2008-08-16.</ref> oleh karena banyaknya imigran yang berasal dari [[Uni Soviet]] dan [[Etiopia]] (sekitar 120.000 [[Yahudi Etiopia]] tinggal di Israel)<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLG256423 Israel may admit 3,000 Ethiopia migrants if Jews] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830040601/http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLG256423 |date=2009-08-30 }}. Reuters. 2009-07-16.</ref> Antara tahun 1990 sampai dengan tahun 1994, imigrasi besar-besaran yang berasal dari Rusia meningkatkan populasi Israel sebesar dua belas persen.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/003355301753265606?journalCode=qjec |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |month=November |year=2001 |title=The Impact of Mass Migration on the Israeli Labor Market |last=Friedberg |first=Rachel M. |page=1373 |doi=10.1162/003355301753265606 |volume=116 |access-date=2010-02-26 |archive-date=2012-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120804122058/http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/003355301753265606?journalCode=qjec |dead-url=no }}</ref> Terdapat lebih dari satu juta imigran berbahasa Rusia di Israel,<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/952558.html Study: Soviet immigrants outperform Israeli students] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006051901/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/952558.html |date=2008-10-06 }}. ''Haaretz''. 10/02/2008.</ref> dengan sekitar 300.000-nya bukanlah orang Yahudi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030808012842/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/QA.jhtml?qaNo=59 Q&A Lily Galili on 'The Russians in Israel']. ''Haaretz''</ref>
 
Beberapa dasarwasa ini pula, sejumlah besar pekerja migran dari [[Rumania]], [[Thailand]], China, Afrika, dan Amerika Selatan juga telah menetap di Israel. Jumlah pasti para pekerja migran ini tidaklah diketahui karena banyak yang menetap secara ilegal,<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,IRIN,,,4a5d996f1e,0.html Israel: Crackdown on illegal migrants and visa violators] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429010209/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,IRIN,,,4a5d996f1e,0.html |date=2011-04-29 }}. Integrated Regional Information Networks ([[IRIN]]). 2009-07-14.</ref> namun diperkirakan jumlahnya adalah sekitar 200.000<ref>Adriana Kemp, "Labour migration and racialisation: labour market mechanisms and labour migration control policies in Israel", ''Social Identities'' 10:2, 267–292, 2004</ref> Lebih dari 16.000 pencari suaka Afrika masuk ke Israel beberapa tahun ini.<ref>[http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=8308386 Israel Struggles With African Refugee Dilemma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622021154/http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=8308386 |date=2011-06-22 }}. ABC News. 2009-08-12</ref>
 
Pada tahun 2009, lebih dari 300.000 warga Israel tinggal di permukiman-permukiman [[Tepi Barat]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/stats_data/west_bank_settlements.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224233451/http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/stats_data/west_bank_settlements.html |archivedate=2008-02-24 |title=Settlements in the West Bank |accessdate=2007-12-12 |publisher=Foundation for Middle East Peace |work=Settlement Information |dead-url=yes }}</ref> seperti [[Ma'ale Adumim]] dan [[Ariel (kota)|Ariel]], dan di komunitas-komunitas yang telah ada sebelum berdirinya Negara Israel seperti di kota [[Hebron]] dan [[Gush Etzion]]. Delapan belas ribu penduduk Israel tinggal di [[Dataran Tinggi Golan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/settlements-in-the-golan-heights |title=Settlements in the Golan Heights |accessdate=2007-12-12 |publisher=Foundation for Middle East Peace |work=Settlement Information |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826031946/http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/settlements-in-the-golan-heights |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pada tahun 2006, terdapat 250.000 Yahudi yang tinggal di [[Yerusalem Timur]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/stats_data/east_jerusalem_settlements.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420070744/http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/stats_data/east_jerusalem_settlements.html |archivedate=2008-04-20 |title=Settlements in East Jerusalem |accessdate=2007-12-12 |publisher=Foundation for Middle East Peace |work=Settlement Information |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Jumlah total pemukim Israel adalah lebih dari 500.000 (6,5% populasi Israel). Sekitar 7.800 penduduk Israel tinggal di permukiman di [[Jalur Gaza]] sebelum semuanya dievakuasi dengan paksa oleh pemerintah Israel pada tahun 2005 sebagai bagian dari rencana penarikan unilateral Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/settlements-in-the-gaza-strip-1 |title=Settlements in the Gaza Strip |accessdate=2007-12-12 |publisher=Foundation for Middle East Peace |work=Settlement Information |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826025402/http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/settlements-in-the-gaza-strip-1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
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