Unjuk rasa Kazakhstan 2022: Perbedaan antara revisi

| side1 = '''Protesters'''{{flagdeco|Kazakhstan}} [[Oposisi Kazakhstan]]<br />Pengunjuk rasa

| side2 = {{flagdeco|Kazakhstan}} '''[[Government ofPemerintahan Kazakhstan]]'''<br />{{flag|CSTO}}''{{refn|group="n"|ThePemerintahan KazakhKazakhstan governmentmengklaim claimedbahwa that theoperasi CSTO's operationsadalah weresemata-mata solelyuntuk fortujuan [[peacekeepingpemeliharaan perdamaian]] purposes.}}

| units1 = {{nowrap|''NoTidak particularada organizationorganisasi tertentu''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forumdaily.com/en/protesty-v-kazaxstane-prodolzhaetsya-arestovali-uzhe-8-tysyach-chelovek-putin-uvidel-tam-texnologii-ukrainskogo-majdana/|title=Protests in Kazakhstan continue: 8 people have already been arrested, Putin saw there 'technologies of the Ukrainian Maidan'|first=Olga|last=Feoktistova|newspaper=ForumDaily|date=10 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref>}}

| {{*}} [[ArmedAngkatan ForcesBersenjata of the Republic ofRepublik Kazakhstan|ArmedAngkatan ForcesBersenjata]]

| {{*}} [[NationalGarda Guard ofNasional Kazakhstan|NationalGarda GuardNasional]]

| {{*}} [[MilitaryPolisi PoliceMiliter (Kazakhstan)|MilitaryPolisi PoliceMiliter]]

| {{*}} [[LawPenegakan enforcementhukum indi Kazakhstan|PolicePolisi]]}}

| title= '''{{flag|RussiaRusia}}'''

| {{*}} [[98thDivisi GuardsPengawal AirborneUdara Divisionke-98]]<br />

| {{*}} [[45thBrigade GuardsPengawal Spetsnaz Brigadeke-45]]<br />

| {{*}} [[31stBrigade GuardsPengawal AirSerangan AssaultUdara Brigadeke-31]]}}

| {{*}} [[103rdBrigade GuardsPengawal AirborneSerangan BrigadeUdara ke-103]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Миротворческая рота 103-й воздушно-десантной бригады ССО вылетела в Казахстан|url=https://www.tvr.by/news/obshchestvo/mirotvorcheskaya_rota_103_y_vozdushno_desantnoy_brigady_sso_vyletela_v_kazakhstan/ |agency=Belteleradio|date=6 JanuaryJanuari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108020342/https://www.tvr.by/news/obshchestvo/mirotvorcheskaya_rota_103_y_vozdushno_desantnoy_brigady_sso_vyletela_v_kazakhstan/|archive-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref>}}

| {{*}} [[ArmedAngkatan Forces ofBersenjata Tajikistan]]}}

| title= '''{{flag|KyrgyzstanKirgizstan}}'''

| {{*}} [[ArmedAngkatan ForcesBersenjata of KyrgyzstanKirgizstan]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Kyrgyzstan to send around 150 soldiers to Kazakhstan – report|url=https://akipress.com/news:666735:Kyrgyzstan_to_send_around_150_soldiers_to_Kazakhstan_-_report/|website=akipress.com|agency=AKIpress News Agency|date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref>}}

| {{*}} [[ArmedAngkatan Forces ofBersenjata Armenia]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian peacekeepers left for Kazakhstan|url=https://mil.am/en/news/10252|website=mil.am|publisher=Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Armenia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107124914/https://mil.am/en/news/10252|archive-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|quote=...RA Armed Forces sent a peacekeeping subdivision to the Republic of Kazakhstan (100 servicemen) as part of the CSTO peacekeeping forces.}}</ref>}}

| leadfigures1 = {{nowrap|''NoTidak centralizedada leadershipkepemimpinan terpusat''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pikulicka-Wilczewska|first=Agnieszka|title=Do Kazakhstan's protests signal an end to the Nazarbayev era?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/11/qa-kazakh-activist-yevgeniy-zhovtis-on-mass-unrest|access-date=2022-01-12|website=www.aljazeera.com|quote=It is important to understand that protesters are never a unified mass. It is not that a single group or political party took to the streets. In all the regions where the protests took place, it was a mixed group of people. |df=mdy-all}}</ref>}}

| {{flagdeco|CSTO}} [[Stanislav Zas]]<ref>{{cite news|date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=CSTO agrees to intervene in Kazakhstan unrest|url=https://eurasianet.org/csto-agrees-to-intervene-in-kazakhstan-unrest |publisher=Eurasianet|access-date=8 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref>

| {{flagdeco|CSTO}} [[Andrey Serdyukov]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Commander of the Airborne Forces Serdyukov became the head of the CSTO peacekeepers in Kazakhstan. (InDalam Russianbahasa Rusia)|work=Ria Novosti|url=https://ria.ru/20220107/mirotvortsy-1766837089.html}}</ref>

| casualties1 = 206 peopleorang killedterbunuh<ref name="aljazeera20220115">{{Cite web|title=Kazakh authorities say 225 people killed in violent unrest|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/15/kazakh-prosecutors-say-225-people-have-died-in-unrest|access-date=2022-01-15|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> <br />MoreLebih thandari 9,900 peopleorang arrestedtertangkap

| casualties2 = 19 membersanggota ofpasukam thekeamanan security forces killedterbunuh<ref name="225killed">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=Kazakhstan puts unrest death toll at 225|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakhstan-says-225-bodies-delivered-morgues-during-unrest-2022-01-15/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Reuters}}</ref>

Unjuk rasa besar-besaran bermula di [[Kazakhstan]] pada 2 Januari 2022 setelah lonjakan tiba-tiba harga gas cair setelah pencabutan [[pagu harga|batasan harga]] yang diberlakukan pemerintah pada 1 Januari. Unjuk rasa bermula di kota penghasil minyak [[Zhanaozen]], tetapi kemudian dengan cepat menyebar ke kota-kota lain di Kazakhstan terutama kota terbesar [[Almaty]]. Unjuk rasa ini didorong oleh meningkatnya ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah dan [[kesenjangan ekonomi]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Lillis|first=Joanna|date=3 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Kazakhstan: Gas price hike fuels Zhanaozen protests|url=https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-gas-price-hike-fuels-zhanaozen-protests|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104064003/https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-gas-price-hike-fuels-zhanaozen-protests|archive-date=4 JanuaryJanuari 2022|access-date=4 JanuaryJanuari 2022|website=eurasianet.org}}</ref><ref name=":15"/> Selama kerusuhan dan tindakan keras selama seminggu, 225 orang tewas dan hampir 10 ribu orang ditangkap.

Ketidakpuasan yang meningkat terhadap pemerintah dan mantan [[Presiden Kazakhstan|Presiden]] [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] juga membuat unjuk rasa menjadi semakin besar. Karena tidak ada kelompok oposisi rakyat yang menentang Pemerintah Kazakhstan, kerusuhan tampaknya dilakukan langsung oleh warga. Sebagai tanggapan, Presiden [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] mengumumkan [[keadaan darurat]] di [[Provinsi Mangystau|Mangystau]] dan Almaty yang berlaku mulai 5 Januari 2022. [[Kabinet Askar Mamin]] mengundurkan diri pada hari yang sama.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/kazakhstan-government-resigns-after-violent-protests-over-fuel-price-2022-01-05/|title=Kazakhstan government's resignation fails to quell protests|work=Reuters|date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|access-date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|last1=Auyezov|first1=Olzhas|archive-date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105041322/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/kazakhstan-government-resigns-after-violent-protests-over-fuel-price-2022-01-05/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Kazakhstan protests: government resigns amid rare outbreak of unrest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/04/kazakhstan-president-declares-state-of-emergency-in-protest-hit-areas|access-date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105122522/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/04/kazakhstan-president-declares-state-of-emergency-in-protest-hit-areas|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian_Moscow_led_alliance"/> Keadaan darurat segera diperluas ke seluruh Kazakhstan. Menanggapi permintaan Tokayev, [[Organisasi Traktat Keamanan Kolektif]] (CSTO) yang beranggotakan [[Rusia]], [[Armenia]], [[Belarusia]], [[Kirgizstan]], [[Tajikistan]], dan [[Kazakhstan]] sendiri setuju untuk mengerahkan pasukan di Kazakhstan.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|last1=Hopkins|first1=Valerie|last2=Nechepurenko|first2=Ivan|date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Russia-Allied Forces to Intervene as Unrest Sweeps Kazakhstan|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/world/europe/kazakhstan-protests-gas-prices.html|access-date=6 JanuaryJanuari 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105203224/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/world/europe/kazakhstan-protests-gas-prices.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tujuannya dinyatakan sebagai penjaga perdamaian. Nazarbayev dicopot sebagai Ketua [[Dewan Keamanan Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Jacobs|first=Harrison|date=6 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Russia-led alliance troops have arrived in Kazakhstan after mass protests |publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/01/06/1070840030/police-say-dozens-have-been-killed-in-kazakhstan-unrest|access-date=6 JanuaryJanuari 2022|archive-date=6 JanuaryJanuari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106161905/https://www.npr.org/2022/01/06/1070840030/police-say-dozens-have-been-killed-in-kazakhstan-unrest|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sebagai konsesi, Presiden Kassym-Jomart mengatakan bahwa batas harga bahan bakar kendaraan senilai 50 [[tenge Kazakhstan|tenge]] tiap liter telah dipulihkan selama 6 bulan.<ref name="auto7">{{cite news|last=Reuters|date=5 JanuaryJanuari 2022 |title=Kazakhstan declares state of emergency in protest-hit city, province|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/protests-erupt-kazakhstan-after-fuel-price-rise-2022-01-04/|access-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|date=6 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Kazakhstan unrest: Government restores fuel price cap after bloodshed|agency=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59896471|access-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan imposes 180-day state regulation on fuel, food prices amid protests|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kazakhstan-imposes-180-day-state-regulation-on-fuel-food-prices-amid-protests/2465999|access-date=7 January 2022|website=aa.com.tr}}</ref> Pada 7 Januari, ia mengatakan dalam sebuah pernyataan bahwa sebagian besar ketertiban konstitusional telah dipulihkan di semua wilayah negara.<ref name="auto4">{{cite news|last=Auyezov|first=Olzhas|date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Kazakh president says constitutional order mostly restored |work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakh-president-says-constitutional-order-has-mostly-been-restored-2022-01-07/|access-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite news |date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Kazakhstan unrest: Fresh gunfire as president says order largely restored|agency=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59900037|access-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{cite web|title=Kazakh President: Constitutional Order Restored|url=https://www.voanews.com/amp/kazakh-president-constitutional-order-restored/6386592.html|access-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022 |website=voanews.com}}</ref> Ia juga mengumumkan dirinya telah memerintahkan pasukan untuk menggunakan [[kekuatan mematikan]] terhadap pengunjuk rasa dan memberi wewenang instruksi untuk menembak tanpa peringatan kepada siapa pun yang berunjuk rasa. Ia menyebut pengunjuk rasa sebagai bandit dan teroris serta mengatakan bahwa penggunaan kekuatan akan terus membubarkan unjuk rasa.<ref name="auto6">{{cite web|last=Child|first=Anealla Safdar, David|title=Kazakh leader tells troops to shoot without warning|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/7/more-killed-as-kazakh-leader-says-order-restored-live-updates|access-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web|date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Kazakhstan president says he gave order to 'open fire with lethal force'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/07/kazakhstan-protests-thousands-detained-as-president-says-order-mostly-restored|access-date=7 January 2022|website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|title=Kazakh leader ordered use of lethal force on 'terrorists'|website=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/kazakhstan-law-enforcement-agencies-6dc8df9639367c3845aa00a008072997|access-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|agency=AP NEWS}}</ref><ref name="SHOOT">{{cite news|last1=Auyezov |first1=Olzhas|title=Kazakh president gives shoot-to-kill order to put down uprising|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakh-president-says-constitutional-order-has-mostly-been-restored-2022-01-07/|access-date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022|work=Reuters|date=7 JanuaryJanuari 2022}}</ref>