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Buahnya yang keras berwarna [[hitam]] dan berbentuk [[bulat]] bisa dibuat sebagai [[bedak]].<ref name="Hembing"/> Selain itu, tanaman ini juga mempunyai [[umbi]] berwarna [[coklat]] kehitaman dengan isi berwarna putih dan berbentuk bulat memanjang dengan ukuran 7–9 cm ber[[diameter]] 2–5 cm.<ref name="Hembing"/>
== ReferensiPengobatan ==
{{reflist}}
=== Ramuan amandel ===
<!-- ==Flowers and color==
Bagian dari bunga pukul empat yang dapat menjadi obat [[amandel]] adalah akarnya. Obat ini dapat dari bahan yang kering maupun yang basah. Takarannya untuk yang kering sebanyak 9-15 mg. Sedangkan takaran untuk yang basah sebanyak 15-30 mg. Bahan ini kemudian direbus dengan air sebanyak 600 cc. Rebusan berlangsung hingga sisa air hanya 300 cc. Hasil rebusan ini diminum dua kali sehari. Sekali minum sebanyak 300 cc dan dalam keadaan dingin. Namun, ramuan ini dilarang bagi ibu hamil dan kepada anak berusia 9-12 tahun. Sementara orang [[dewasa]] diberi dosis sebanyak empat sendok makan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hariana, A., dkk.|date=2015|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kitab_Resep_HERBAL/OCHgCgAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover|title=Kitab Resep Herbal|location=Jakarta|publisher=Penebat Swadaya|isbn=978-979-002-661-2|pages=9|url-status=live}}</ref>
A curious aspect of this [[plant]] is that flowers of different colors can be found simultaneously on the same plant. Additionally, an individual flower can be splashed with different colors. Another interesting point is a color-changing phenomenon. For example, in the yellow variety, as the plant matures, it can display flowers that gradually change to a dark [[pink]] color. Similarly [[white]] flowers can change to light [[violet (color)|violet]].
== Referensi ==
The flowers usually open from late afternoon onwards, then producing a strong, sweet-smelling fragrance, hence the first of its common names. In [[China]], it is called the "shower flower" ({{zh|c=洗澡花|p=xǐzǎo huā}}) or "rice boiling flower" (煮饭花; zhǔfàn huā) because it is in bloom at the time of these activities. In [[Hong Kong]], it is known as "purple jasmine" (紫茉莉). Despite their appearance, the flowers are not formed from [[petal]]s – rather they are a pigmented modification of the [[Sepal|calyx]].
The flowers are pollinated by long-tongued moths of the [[Sphingidae]] family, such as the [[sphinx moths]] or hawk moths and other nocturnal pollinators attracted by the fragrance.<ref>http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/membgnewsletter/Volume4number2/Theplantsthatlovehawkmoths.html</ref>
==Habitat and cultivation==
''M. jalapa'' hails from [[tropical]] [[South America]], but has become naturalised throughout tropical and warm [[temperate]] regions. In cooler [[temperate]] [[region]]s, it will die back with the first frosts, regrowing in the following spring from the tuberous roots. The [[plant]] does best in full [[sun]]. It grows to approximately 0.9 m in height. The single-seeded fruit are spherical, wrinkled and black upon maturity (see picture), having started out greenish-yellow. The plant will self-seed, often spreading rapidly if left unchecked in a garden. Some gardeners recommend that the seeds should be soaked before planting, but this is not totally necessary. In [[North America]], the plant perennializes in warm, coastal environments, particularly in USDA Zones 9–10.
==Genetic studies==
Around 1900, [[Carl Correns]] used the four o'clock as a [[model organism]] for his studies on [[Extranuclear inheritance|cytoplasmic inheritance]]. He used the plant's variegated leaves to prove that certain factors outside the nucleus affected phenotype in a way not explained by [[Gregor Mendel|Mendel's]] theories.<ref name=Miko>[http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Non-nuclear-Genes-and-Their-Inheritance-589 Miko, I. Non-nuclear genes and their inheritance. Nature Education 1(1), (2008)]</ref> Correns proposed that leaf color in Mirabilis was passed on via a uniparental mode of inheritance.<ref name=Miko/>
Also, when red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink-flowered offspring, not red, are produced. This is an exception to Mendel's Law of Dominance, because in this case the "red" and "white" genes are of equal "strength" and neither can dominate the other.
[[Image:Seed_of_mirabilis_jalapa.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Seed]]
==Uses==
The flowers are used in food colouring. The leaves may be eaten cooked as well, but only as an emergency food.<ref>http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Mirabilis+jalapa</ref>
An edible crimson dye is obtained from the flowers to colour cakes and jellies.<ref>http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Mirabilis+jalapa</ref>
In herbal medicine, parts of the plant may be used as a diuretic, purgative, and for [[vulnerary]] (wound healing) purposes. The root is believed an aphrodisiac as well as diuretic and purgative. It is used in the treatment of dropsy.
The leaves are used to reduce inflammation. A decoction of them (mashing and boiling) is used to treat abscesses. Leaf juice may be used to treat wounds.
Powdered, the seed of some varieities is used as a cosmetic and a dye.<ref>http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Mirabilis+jalapa</ref> The seeds are considered poisonous.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A774704</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
Correns, C. Vererbungsversuche mit blass (gelb) grünen und buntblättrigen Sippen bei Mirabilis, Urtica und Lunaria. ZIAV 1, 291–329 (1909)
Pierce, B. ''Genetics: A Conceptual Approach'', 2nd ed. (New York, Freeman, 2005)
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