Southern Poverty Law Center: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''''Southern Poverty Law Center''''' (SPLC, {{lang-id|Pusat Hukum Kemiskinan Selatan}}) adalah organisasi advokasi hukum [[Organisasi nirlaba|nirlaba]] [[Amerika Serikat]] [[501(c)(3)]] yang berspesialisasi dalam litigasi [[Hak sipil dan politik|hak-hak sipil]] dan [[Hukum kepentingan umum|kepentingan publik]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Southern Poverty Law Center Inc - Nonprofit Explorer|url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/630598743|access-date=2021-03-08|website=[[ProPublica]]|date=May 9, 2013|language=en}}</ref> Berbasis di [[Montgomery, Alabama]], dikenal karena kasus hukumnya terhadap kelompok [[supremasi kulit putih]], klasifikasi [[kelompok kebencian]] dan organisasi ekstremis lainnya, dan untuk mempromosikan program pendidikan toleransi.<ref name="wjfa">{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417164536/http://www.nola.com/picayunes/t-p/covingtonpicayune/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews-0%2F1162622544266020.xml&coll=1 |title=With Justice For All |date=November 5, 2006 |archive-date=April 17, 2008 |url=http://www.nola.com/picayunes/t-p/covingtonpicayune/index.ssf?/base/news-0/1162622544266020.xml&coll=1 |work=[[The Times-Picayune]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Finkelman_Encyclopedia_2006">{{Cite book| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 978-0-415-94342-0| editor-last = Finkelman| editor-first = Paul| title = Encyclopedia of American civil liberties: A-F|volume=1|chapter=Southern Poverty Law Center|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoI14vYA8r0C&q=Southern+Poverty+law+center |first=Salmon A.|last=Shomade| location = New York|pages=1500–1520| date = 2006 |oclc=819521815}}</ref>{{rp|1500}}  SPLC didirikan oleh [[Morris Dees]], Joseph J. Levin Jr., dan [[Julian Bond]] pada tahun 1971 sebagai firma hukum hak sipil di Montgomery.<ref name="CNNpioneer">{{Cite news|author = Chebium, Raju|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/09/08/morris.dees.profile|title=Attorney Morris Dees pioneer in using 'damage litigation' to fight hate groups|work=CNN|date=September 8, 2000|access-date=May 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618234711/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/09/08/morris.dees.profile|archive-date=June 18, 2006}}</ref>

 

 

Sejak tahun 2000-an, klasifikasi SPLC dan daftar kelompok kebencian (organisasi yang telah dinilai "menyerang atau memfitnah seluruh kelas orang, biasanya karena karakteristik mereka yang tidak dapat diubah")<ref name="SPLC_hatemap_2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/hate-map |title=Hate Map |publisher=SPLC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317095828/http://www.splcenter.org/hate-map |archive-date=March 17, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> dan ekstremis<ref name="whatsplcdoes">{{cite web |url=https://www.splcenter.org/what-we-do |title=What We Do |publisher=SPLC}}</ref> sering digambarkan sebagai otoritatif dan diterima secara luas dan dikutip dalam liputan akademis dan media tentang kelompok tersebut dan isu-isu terkait.<ref name=CSMonitor2016>[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2016/0218/Does-the-Southern-Poverty-Law-Center-target-conservatives "Does the Southern Poverty Law Center target conservatives?"] ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'', February 18, 2016</ref><ref name="Chen">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97ZeCe6SmngC&pg=PA95|title=Intelligence and Security Informatics for International Security: Information Sharing and Data Mining|last=Chen|first=Hsinchun|date=2006|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|isbn=978-0-387-24379-5|location=New York|page=95|quote=... the web sites of the "Southern Poverty Law Center" [...] and the Anti-Defamation League [...] are authoritative sources for identifying domestic extremists and hate groups.|author-link=Hsinchun Chen}}</ref><ref name=Swain>{{cite book |last=Swain |first=Carol |author-link=Carol M. Swain |title=The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=75 |date=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HB1wyFPRGm4C&pg=PA75 |isbn=978-0-521-80886-6 }}</ref> Daftar SPLC juga menjadi sasaran kritik dari mereka yang berpendapat bahwa beberapa daftar SPLC terlalu luas, bermotivasi politik, atau tidak beralasan.<ref name="WaPoHateList">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/02/17/hate-groups-rose-14-percent-last-year-the-first-increase-since-2010/|title=The Year of 'Enormous Rage': Number of Hate Groups Rose by 14 Percent in 2015|last=Chokshi|first=Niraj|date=February 17, 2016|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="politico" /><ref name="csmonitor.com">Jonsson, Patrik (February 23, 2011). [http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2011/0223/Annual-report-cites-rise-in-hate-groups-but-some-ask-What-is-hate "Annual report cites rise in hate groups, but some ask: What is hate?"]. ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]''</ref><ref name="Graham">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/06/maajid-nawaz-v-splc/562646/ |title=The Unlabelling of an 'Anti-Muslim Extremist' |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=June 18, 2018 |work=The Atlantic |access-date=July 5, 2018 |quote=While the fabled nonprofit has long had its critics, many of them hatemongers like Gaffney, the new chorus included sympathetic observers and fellow researchers on hate groups, who worried that SPLC was mixing its research and activist strains.}}</ref> Ada juga tuduhan penyalahgunaan atau pemborosan dana yang tidak perlu oleh organisasi, menyebabkan beberapa karyawan menyebut markas tersebut sebagai "Istana Kemiskinan".<ref name="NYker_Moser_Reckoning_20190325">{{cite news |last=Moser |first=Bob |date=March 21, 2019 |title=The Reckoning of Morris Dees and the Southern Poverty Law Center |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-reckoning-of-morris-dees-and-the-southern-poverty-law-center |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=June 22, 2020 |quote=In 1995, the ''Montgomery Advertiser'' had been a Pulitzer finalist for a series that documented, among other things, staffers’ allegations of racial discrimination within the organization.}}</ref>