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== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliografi==
===Buku===
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
*{{cite book |last=Abbas |first=Hassan |date=2021 |title=The Prophet's Heir: The Life of Ali ibn Abi Talib |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300252057|ref={{sfnref|Abbas|2021}}}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Adamec |author-first=Ludwig W. |url=https://archive.org/details/historical-dictionary-of-islam-third-edition/mode/ |title=Historical Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2016 |isbn=9781442277243|ref={{sfnref|Adamec|2016}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Afsaruddin |first=Asma |date=2013 |title=The First Muslims: History and Memory |publisher=Oneworld Publications |isbn=9781780744483 |url=https://archive.org/details/the-first-muslims-history-and-memory-by-asma-afsaruddin/mode/2up|ref={{sfnref|Afsaruddin|2013}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Al-Mufid |first=Al-Shaykh |author-link=Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid |date=1986 |title=Kitab Al-Irshad: The Book of Guidance into the Lives of the Twelve Imams |publisher=Routledge Kegan & Paul |isbn=978-0-7103-0151-2 |ref={{sfnref|Al-Mufid|1986}}}}
* {{cite book |title=The Divine Guide In Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam |author-first=Mohammad Ali |author-last=Amir-Moezzi |translator-first=David |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |translator-last=Streight |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=0791421228 |url=https://archive.org/details/thedivineguideinearlyshiism1/mode/1up |url-access=registration|ref={{sfnref|Amir-Moezzi|1994}}}}
* {{cite book |title=Revelation and Falsification |author1-first=Mohammad Ali|author1-last=Amir-Moezzi |editor1-first=Etan |isbn=9789004167827 |editor1-last=Kohlberg |editor2-first=Mohammad Ali |editor2-last=Amir-Moezzi |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/KohlbergMoezziREVELATIONANDFALSIFICATIONTheKitabAlQiratOfAhmadB.MuhammadAlSayyariLeiden2009./mode/2up |url-access=registration |year=2009 |publisher=Brill|chapter=Information, Doubts and Contradictions in Islamic Sources|pages=12{{ndash}}23|ref={{sfnref|Amir-Moezzi|2009}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Aslan |first=Reza |date=2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/nogodbutgodorigi0000asla_n9k1/mode/2up |title=No god But God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam |publisher=Random House |isbn=9780812982442|ref={{sfnref|Aslan|2011}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Ayoub |first=Mahmoud M. |date=2014 |title=The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam |publisher=Oneworld Publications | isbn=9781780746746 |url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofmuslimhi0000ayou|ref={{sfnref|Ayoub|2014}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Badie |first=Dina |date=2017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Fk7DwAAQBAJ |title=After Saddam: American Foreign Policy and the Destruction of Secularism in the Middle East |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-1-4985-3900-5|ref={{sfnref|Badie|2017}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Bar-Asher |first1=Me'ir Mikha'el |last2=Kootstra |first2=Gauke de |last3=Kofsky |first3=Arieh |date=2002 |title=The Nuṣayr−i-ʻalaw−i Religion: An Enquiry into Its Theology and Liturgy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2bli4DyuHRIC&pg=RA1-PA153 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-12552-0 |ref={{sfnref|Bar-Asher|Kootstra|Kofsky|2002}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Bodley |first=R.V.C. |date=1946 |url=https://archive.org/details/messengerlifeofm00bodl/page/348/mode/2up |title=The messenger; the life of Mohammed |publisher=Doubleday & Company, inc.|ref={{sfnref|Bodley|1946}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Richard Francis |date=2013 |title=Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Tale_of_Attaf |publisher=HardPress |isbn=9781314466164 |volume=6 |author-link=Richard Francis Burton|ref={{sfnref|Burton|2013}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Bar-Asher |first1=Meir M. |last2=Kofsky |first2=Aryeh |date=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2bli4DyuHRIC&q=Event+of+Mubahala&pg=PA141 |title=The Nusayri-Alawi Religion: An Enquiry into Its Theology and Liturgy |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004125520|ref={{sfnref|Bar-Asher|Kofsky|2002}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Chittick |first=William C. |author-link=William Chittick |date=1990 |title=Supplications (Du'a) by Amir al-Mu'mineen-Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS) |publisher=Muhammadi Trust |isbn=0-9506986-4-4 |url=http://mtrust.org.uk/shop/books/supplications-dua-2/|ref={{sfnref|Chittick|1990}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Cooperson |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Cooperson |date=2000 |title=Classical Arabic Biography: The Heirs of the Prophets in the Age of al-Ma'mun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B38tRebLIrMC&pg=PA25 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-42669-5 |ref={{sfnref|Cooperson|200}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Corbin |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Corbin |date=1993 |title=History of Islamic Philosophy |location=London |publisher=Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies |orig-year=1964 |isbn=978-0-7103-0416-2|ref={{sfnref|Corbin|1993}}}} Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard.
*{{cite book |last1=Cortese |first1=Delia |last2=Calderini |first2=Simonetta |date=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz4pAAAAYAAJ |title=Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0748617333 |edition=First|ref={{sfnref|Cortese|2006}}}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Daftary |author-first=Farhad |url=https://archive.org/details/shii-heritage-series-farhad-daftary-a-history-of-shii-islam-i.-b.-tauris-2013/mode/2up |title=A History of Shi'i Islam |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2013 |isbn=9780755608669 |author-link=Farhad Daftary|ref={{sfnref|Daftary|2013}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Dakake |first=Maria Massi |date=2008 |title=The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-7033-6|ref={{sfnref|Dakake|2008}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Donaldson |first=Dwight M. |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=ZpV7QwAACAAJ|page=190}} |title=The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Iraḳ |publisher=AMS Press |year=1933|ref={{sfnref|Donaldson|1933}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Donner |first=Fred M. |date=1999 |editor1-last=Esposito |editor1-first=John L. |title=The Oxford history of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=imw_KFD5bsQC&q=The+Oxford+History+of+Islam&pg=PA1 |chapter=Muhammad and the Caliphate |isbn=9780195107999|ref={{sfnref|Donner|1999}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Donner |first=Fred M. |date=2010 |title=Muhammad and the believers : at the origins of Islam |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/456169900 |publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-05097-6 |location=Cambridge, Mass. |oclc=456169900|ref={{sfnref|Donner|2010}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |author-link=John Esposito |date=2003 |title=The Oxford dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-512559-7|ref={{sfnref|Esposito|2003}} }}
*{{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |author-link=John Esposito |date=2004 |title=The Oxford dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780195125597 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VeCWQfVNjkC&q=The+Oxford+dictionary+of+Islam|ref={{sfnref|Esposito|2004}}}}
* {{cite book |chapter=What Is Sunni Islam? |author-last=Feisal |author-first=Abdul Rauf |title=Voices of Islam |volume=1 |editor-first=Vincent J. |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-275-98732-9 |editor-last=Cornell |pages=185–216 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/voicesofislam0001unse/page/184/mode/2up|ref={{sfnref|Feisal|2007}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Gross |first=Max |date=2012 |title=The Routledge handbook of religion and security |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136239328 |editor-last=Seiple |editor-first=Chris |pages=|chapter=Shi’a Muslims and Security: the Centrality of Iran |editor-last2=Hoover |editor-first2=Dennis |editor-last3=Otis |editor-first3=Pauletta|ref={{sfnref|Gross|2012}}}}
* {{cite book|title=Shi'i Islam: An Introduction|author-first=Najam|author-last= Haider|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|isbn= 9781107031432|ref={{sfnref|Haider|2014}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Halm |first=Heinz |date=2004 |title=Shi'ism |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-1888-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/shiism0000halm|ref={{sfnref|Halm|2004}}}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Holt |editor1-first=P.M. |date=1970 |editor2-last=Lambton |editor2-first=Ann K.S. |editor3-last=Lewis |editor3-first=Bernard |editor3-link=Bernard Lewis |title=Cambridge History of Islam |url=https://hostnezt.com/cssfiles/islamichistory/The_Cambridge_History_of_Islam_1A.pdf |volume=1A |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29135-4|ref={{sfnref|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1970}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Jafri |first=S.H.M |date=1979 |url=https://archive.org/details/OriginsAndEarlyDevelopmentOfShiaIslamBySyedHusainMohammadJafri/mode/2up |title=Origins and early development of Shia Islam |publisher=Longman |location=London|ref={{sfnref|Jafri|1979}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Kassam |first1=Zayn |last2=Blomfield |first2=Bridget |date=2015 |title=The Shi'i World: Pathways in Tradition and Modernity |chapter=Remembering Fatima and Zaynab: Gender in Perspective |page=210 |editor1-first=Farhad |editor1-last=Daftary |editor2-first=Amyn |editor2-last=Sajoo |editor3-first=Shainool |editor3-last=Jiwa |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9780857729675 |ref={{sfnref|Kassam|Blomfield|2015}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Keaney |first=Heather N. |date=2021 |title='Uthman ibn 'Affan: Legend or Liability? |publisher=Oneworld Publications |isbn=9781786076984|ref={{sfnref|Keaney|2021}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Kelsay |first=John |date=1993 |title=Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25302-8|ref={{sfnref|Kelsay|1993}}}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Kennedy |author-first=Hugh |title=The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |url=https://archive.org/details/the-prophet-and-the-age-of-the-caliphates-the-islamic-near-east-from-the-sixth-t/mode/2up|ref={{sfnref|Kennedy|2015}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Kenney |first1=Jeffrey T. |date=2006 |title=Muslim Rebels: Kharijites and the Politics of Extremism in Egypt |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=USA |isbn=9780195131697 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXc8DwAAQBAJ|ref={{sfnref|Kenney|2006}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Klemm |first=Verena |date=2005 |title=Ideas, Images, and Methods of Portrayal: Insights into Classical Arabic Literature and Islam |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789047407263 |editor-last=Günther |editor-first=Sebastian |pages=181–208 |chapter=Image Formation of an Islamic Legend: Fātima, the Daughter of the Prophet Muhammad|ref={{sfnref|Klemm|2005}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Lalani |first=Arzina R. |date=2000 |title=Early Shi'i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir |publisher=I. B. Tauris |isbn=978-1860644344|ref={{sfnref|Lalani|2000}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Lambton |first=Ann K. S. |date=1991 |title=Landlord and Peasant in Persia |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-85043-293-7|ref={{sfnref|Lambton|1991}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira |date=2002 |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-521-77933-3|ref={{sfnref|Lapidus|2002}}}}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Lawson |editor-first=Todd |date=2005 |title=Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy and Mysticism in Muslim Thought |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-85043-470-2|ref={{sfnref|Lawson|2005}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Lewis |date=1968 |title=The Arabs in History |publisher=Hutchinson & Co |url=https://archive.org/details/arabsinhistory0000lewi/mode/ |ref={{sfnref|Lewis|1968}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Lewis |date=1991 |title=The Political Language of Islam |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-47693-3|ref={{sfnref|Lewis|1991}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |author-link=Wilferd Madelung |date=1997 |title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64696-3|ref={{sfnref|Madelung|1997}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Mavani |first=Hamid |date=2013 |title=Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini |url=https://archive.org/details/religiousauthori0000mava/mode/ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415624404|ref={{sfnref|Mavani|2013}}}}
*{{cite book |last=McHugo |first=John |date=2018 |title=A Concise History of Sunnis and Shi'is |publisher=Georgetown University Press |isbn=9781626165885|ref={{sfnref|McHugo|2018}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Mikaberidze |first=Alexander |title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes] A Historical Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA836|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-337-8|ref={{sfnref|Mikaberidze|2011}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Modarressi |first=Hossein |author-link=Hossein Modarressi |date=2003 |title=Tradition and survival: a bibliographical survey of early Shī'ite literature |publisher=Oneworld |location=Oxford |isbn=9781851683314 |volume=1 |ref={{sfnref|Modarressi|2003}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Momen |first=Moojan |author-link=Moojan Momen |date=1985 |title=An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-03531-5|ref={{sfnref|Momen|1985}}}}
* {{cite book |title=The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline and Fall, From Original Sources |author-first=William |author-last=Muir |publisher=Religious tract society |year=1924 |page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5sU2AAAAMAAJ|ref={{sfnref|Muir|1924}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Nasr |first1=Seyyed Hossein |author1-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |last2=Dabashi |first2=Hamid |last3=Nasr |first3=Vali |author3-link=Vali Nasr |date=1989 |title=Expectation of the Millennium |publisher=Suny Press |isbn=978-0-88706-843-0|ref={{sfnref|Nasr|Dabashi|Nasr|1989}}}}
* {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/thestudyquran_201909/mode/2up |title=The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2015 |isbn=9780062227621 |editor1-last=Nasr |editor1-first=S.H. |editor2-last=Dagli |editor2-first=C.K. |editor3-last=Dakake |editor3-first=M.M. |editor4-last=Lumbard |editor4-first=J.E.B. |editor5-last=Rustom |editor5-first=M.|ref={{sfnref|Nasr|Dagli|Dakake|Lumbard|Rustom|2015}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |author-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |date=2006 |title=Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-6799-2|ref={{sfnref|Nasr|2006}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Osman |first=Rawand |date=2014 |title=Female Personalities in the Qur'an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi'i Islam |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317671503|ref={{sfnref|Osman|2014}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Öz |first1=Mustafa |date=1989 |title=ALİ EVLÂDI - An article published in 2nd Volume of Turkish Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=[[İslâm Ansiklopedisi|TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi]] |location=Istanbul |volume=2 |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ali-evladi |access-date=2 January 2022 |language=tr |isbn=978-97-59-54800-1|ref={{sfnref|Öz|1989}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |date=2003 |title=The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition |url=https://archive.org/details/monotheistsjewsc00pete_0 |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-11461-3|ref={{sfnref|Peters|2003}}}}
* {{cite book |title=Ali and Mu'awiya in Early Arabic Tradition: Studies on the Genesis and Growth of Islamic Historical Writing Until the End of the Ninth Century |author-first=Erling L. |author-last=Petersen |publisher=Acls History E Book Project |year=2008 |isbn=9781597404716 |translator-last=Christensen |translator-first=P. Lampe |orig-date=1964|ref={{sfnref|Petersen|2008}}}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Pierce |author-first=Matthew |title=Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi'ism |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2016 |isbn=9780674737075 |author-link=Matthew Pierce|ref={{sfnref|Pierce|2016}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Pinault |first=David |date=2000 |title=Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety |editor-first=Gavin |editor-last=Hambly |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=9780333800355 |chapter=ZAYNAB BINT 'ALI AND THE PLACE OF THE WOMEN OF THE HOUSEHOLDS OF THE FIRST IMĀMS IN SHI'ITE DEVOTIONAL LITERATURE |pages=69–98|ref={{sfnref|Pinault|2000}}}}
* {{cite book|title=A Chronology of Islamic History, 570-1000 CE|author-first=Habib Ur|author-last= Rahman|publisher=G.K. Hall|year=1989|isbn= 9780816190676|url=https://archive.org/details/chronologyofisla0000rahm/mode/2up |ref={{sfnref|Rahman|1989}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Chase F. |date=2003 |title=Islamic Historiography |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-62936-2|ref={{sfnref|Robinson|2003}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Rubin |first1=Uri |date=1995 |title=The eye of the beholder: the life of Muḥammad as viewed by the early Muslims: a textual analysis |publisher=Darwin Press |location=Princeton, N.J. |isbn=9780878501106|ref={{sfnref|Rubin|1995}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Sandler |first=Stanley |date=2002 |title=Ground Warfare An International Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&pg=PA602 |access-date=30 April 2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-344-5 |ref={{sfnref|Sandler|2002}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Shaban |first=Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Ḥayy |date=1971 |title=Islamic History |url=https://archive.org/details/islamichistoryne00shab |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29131-6|ref={{sfnref|Shaban|1971}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Shaban |first=Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Ḥayy |date=1976 |title=Islamic History: Volume 1, AD 600-750 (AH 132): A New Interpretation |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521291316 |url=https://archive.org/details/IslamicHistoryANewInterpretationVol.1/mode/2up|ref={{sfnref|Shaban|1976}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Shah-Kazemi |first=Reza |date=2007 |title=Justice and Remembrance: Introducing the Spirituality of Imam Ali |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-526-5|ref={{sfnref|Shah-Kazemi|2007}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Shah-Kazemi |first=Reza |date=2022 |title=Imam 'Ali: Concise History, Timeless Mystery |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=9781784539368|ref={{sfnref|Shah-Kazemi|2022}}}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Morgan |editor1-first=Kenneth W. |url=https://www.religion-online.org/book-chapter/chapter-5-shia-by-mahmood-shehabi |title=Islam, the Straight Path: Islam Interpreted by Muslims |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1993 |isbn=8120804031 |editor-link=Kenneth W. Morgan |chapter=Shi'a |author-first=Mahmood |author-last=Shehabi |pages=180{{ndash}}223|ref={{sfnref|Shehabi|1993}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Stearns |first1=Peter N. |last2=Langer |first2=William Leonard |date=2001 |title=The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Books |isbn=978-0-395-65237-4|ref={{sfnref|Stearns|Langer|2001}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Tabatabai |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai |date=1977 |title=Shiite Islam |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-87395-272-9 |translator-last=Nasr |translator-first=Hossein|ref={{sfnref|Tabatabai|1977}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Tabatabai |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai |date=1979 |title=Shi'ite Islam |publisher=Suny press |isbn=978-0-87395-272-9 |translator=[[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]]|ref={{sfnref|Tabatabai|1979}}}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Veccia Vaglieri |author-first=Laura |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0001unse_v9h2/mode/2up |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1970 |editor1-last=Holt |editor1-first=Peter M. |volume=1 |pages=57–103 |chapter=The Patriarchal and Umayyad Caliphates |editor2-last=Lambton |editor2-first=Ann K.S. |editor3-last=Lewis |editor3-first=Bernard|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|1970}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |author-link=William Montgomery Watt |date=1953 |title=Muhammad at Mecca |publisher=Oxford University Press |title-link=Muhammad at Mecca (book)|ref={{sfnref|Watt|1953}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Wain |first1=Alexander |last2=Hashim Kamali |first2=Mohammad |date=2017 |title=The Architects of Islamic Civilisation |page=12 |isbn=9789679789898 |publisher=Pelanduk Publications|ref={{sfnref|Wain|2017}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Wellhausen |first=Julius |author-link=Julius Wellhausen |date=1901 |title=Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam |language=de |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358135 |publisher=Weidmannsche Buchhandlung |location=Berlin |oclc=453206240|ref={{sfnref|Wellhausen|1901}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Wellhausen |first=Julius |author-link=Julius Wellhausen |date=1927 |translator=Margaret Graham Weir |title=The Arab Kingdom and its Fall |publisher=University of Calcutta |location=Calcutta |oclc=752790641 |url=https://archive.org/details/arabkingdomandit029490mbp|ref={{sfnref|Wellhausen|1927}}}}
* {{cite book|title=After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam|author-first=Lesley|author-last= Hazleton|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year= 2009|isbn= 9780385532099|ref={{sfnref|Hazleton|2009}}}}
* {{cite book |title=The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2015 |isbn=9780062227621 |url=https://archive.org/details/thestudyquran_201909/mode/2up |editor1-first=Seyyed Hossein |editor1-last=Nasr |editor2-first=C.K. |editor2-last=Dagli |editor3-first=Maria Massi |editor3-last=Dakake |editor4-first=J.E.B. |editor4-last=Lumbard |editor5-first=M. |editor5-last=Rustom |url-access=registration|author-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr|ref={{harvid|Nasr et al.|2015}}}}
 
{{refend}}
 
===Ensiklopedia===
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
 
====Encyclopaedia Iranica====
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Algar |first=Hamid |author-link=Hamid Algar |date=1984 |title=Āl–e ʿAbā |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation]] |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-aba-the-family-of-the-cloak-i|ref={{sfnref|Algar|1984}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Algar |first=Hamid |author-link=Hamid Algar |date=2011 |title=Al-E Aba |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica, I/7 |page=742 |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-aba-the-family-of-the-cloak-i |ref={{sfnref|Algar|2011}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=1998 |title=Eschatology iii. Imami Shi'ism |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/eschatology-iii |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |volume=VIII/6 |pages=575–581 |author-first=Mohammad Ali |author-last=Amir-Moezzi|ref={{sfnref|Amir-Moezzi|1998}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |author-link=Wilferd Madelung |date=2003 |title=ḤASAN B. ʿALI B. ABI ṬĀLEB |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation]] |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hasan-b-ali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117041057/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hasan-b-ali |archive-date=17 November 2013|ref={{sfnref|Madelung|2013}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |author-link=Wilferd Madelung |date=2004 |title=Ḥosayn b. ʿAli |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hosayn-b-ali-i |isbn=978-1-56859-050-9 |access-date=23 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117042504/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hosayn-b-ali-i |archive-date=17 November 2013 |ref=Ḥosayn b. ʿAli|ref={{sfnref|Madelung|2004}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Pellat |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Pellat |date=2011 |title=Abū Loʾloʾa |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica |editor1-last=Yarshater |editor1-first=Ehsan |editor1-link=Ehsan Yarshater |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-loloa-a-persian-slave-of-mogira-b|ref={{sfnref|Pellat|2011}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Poonawala |first1=I.K. |last2=Kohlberg |first2=E. |date=2011 |orig-date=Originally published 1985 |title=ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭāleb |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-abi-taleb |access-date=2022-11-30 |ref={{sfnRef|Iranica|2011}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Poonawala |first1=Ismail |date=2011 |title=ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭāleb |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-abi-taleb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429163734/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-abi-taleb |archive-date=29 April 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all|ref={{sfnref|Poonawala|2011}}}}
 
====Encyclopaedia of Islam====
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Amir-Moezzi |first=Mohammad Ali |date=2022 |title=Ghadir Khumm |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ghadir-khumm-COM_27419?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=Ghad%C4%ABr+Khumm |edition=Third|ref={{sfnref|Amir-Moezzi|2022}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Daftary |first=Farhad |date=2014 |title=ʿAlids |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], third Edition |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/alids-COM_26329 |location=Leiden|ref={{sfnref|Daftary|2014}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Djebli |author-first=Moktar |title=Nahd̲j̲ al-Balāg̲h̲a |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Second |editor1-first=P. |editor1-last=Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5752 |url-access=subscription |year=2012 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5752 |isbn=9789004161214|ref={{sfnref|Djebli|2012}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Gibb |first=H.A.R. |date=1986 |title=Amīr al-Muʾminīn |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], second Edition |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/amir-al-muminin-SIM_0617|ref={{sfnref|Gibb|1986}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Gleave |first=Robert M. |date=2008 |title=Ali ibn Abi Talib |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=third |access-date=29 March 2013 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ali-b-abi-talib-COM_26324 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402034949/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ali-b-abi-talib-COM_26324 |archive-date=2 April 2013 |url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Gleave|2008}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Huart |first=Cl. |date=2022 |title=Ali |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=first |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/ali-COM_0020?s.num=0&s.mode=and&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&s.au=huart&s.q=Ali|ref={{sfnref|Huart|2022}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author-last=Huart|author-first= Cl.|title= ʿAlids|encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition= First|editor1-first=M.Th.|editor1-last= Houtsma|editor2-first= T.W.|editor2-last= Arnold|editor3-first= R.|editor3-last= Basset|editor4-first= R.|editor4-last= Hartmann|url=http://dx.doi.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_0645|year=2012|doi= 10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_0645|isbn= 9789004082656|url-access=subscription|ref={{sfnref|Huart|2012}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Linda G. |date=2009 |title=Ali ibn Abi Talib (ca. 597-661) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |editor-last=Campo |editor-first=Juan Eduardo |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=9781438126968 |pages=33, 34|ref={{sfnref|Jones|2009}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author-last=Lecker|author-first= M.|title=Ṣiffīn| encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition= Second|editor1-first= P.|editor1-last= Bearman|editor2-first= Th.|editor2-last= Bianquis|editor3-first= C.E.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor4-first= E.|editor4-last= van Donzel|editor5-first= W.P.|editor5-last= Heinrichs|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7018|year= 2012|doi= 10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7018|isbn=9789004161214|ref={{sfnref|Lecker|2012}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Lecomte |first=G. |date=2022 |title=Al-Saḳīfa |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=Second |editor-first=P. |editor-last=Bearman |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-sakifa-COM_0980?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&s.q=sakifa|ref={{sfnref|Lecomte|2022}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Levi Della Vida |first1=Giorgio |last2=Khoury |first2=R.G. |date=2000 |title=ʿUt̲h̲mān b. ʿAffān |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=second |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=90-04-11211-1 |volume=10 |pages=946–49 |location=Leiden|ref={{sfnref|Levi Della Vida|Khouri|2000}}}}
* {{EI2|last=Levi Della Vida|first=G.|author-link=Giorgio Levi Della Vida|title=Khāridjites|pages=1074–1077|volume=4|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0497|ref={{sfnref|Levi Della Vida|1978}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author-last=Lewis|author-first= B.|title=ʿAlids|encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition= Second| editor1-first=P.|editor1-last= Bearman|editor2-first= Th.|editor2-last= Bianquis|editor3-first= C.E.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor4-first= E.|editor4-last= van Donzel|editor5-first= W.P.|editor5-last= Heinrichs|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0543|year=2012|doi= 10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0543|isbn= 9789004161214|url-access=subscription|author-link=Bernard Lewis|ref={{sfnref|Lewis|2012}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |author-link=Wilferd Madelung |date=1986 |title=S̲h̲īʿa |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=second |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/shia-SIM_6920 |ref=S̲h̲īʿa}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Veccia Vaglieri |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |date=1986 |title=Ibn Muld̲j̲am |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=second |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=90-04-08118-6 |volume=3 |location=Leiden |pages=887–90|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|1986}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Veccia Vaglieri |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |date=1986a |title=Ḥarūrāʾ |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=second |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=90-04-08118-6 |volume=3 |location=Leiden |pages=235–36 |ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|1986a}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Veccia Vaglieri |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |date=1986b |title=al-As̲h̲ʿarī, Abū Mūsā |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=second |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=90-04-08114-3 |volume=1 |location=Leiden |pages=695–96|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|1986b}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Veccia Vaglieri |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |date=1991 |title=al-D̲j̲amal |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=second |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=90-04-07026-5 |volume=3| pages=887–90 |location=Leiden|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|1991}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Veccia Vaglieri |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |date=24 April 2012 |title=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=second |access-date=28 March 2013 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ghadir-khumm-SIM_2439 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331002156/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ghadir-khumm-SIM_2439 |archive-date=31 March 2013 |url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|2012}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Veccia Vaglieri |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |date=2021b |editor1-first=p. |editor1-last=Bearman |title=Al-Djamal |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |edition=Second |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-djamal-SIM_1962?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=al-+D%CC%B2j%CC%B2amal|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|2021b}}}}
*{{EI2 |last=Veccia Vaglieri |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |title=ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib |volume=1 |pages=381–386|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|1960}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Veccia Vaglieri |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |date=2022 |title=Fāṭima |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=Second |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|2022}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author-last=Veccia Vaglieri|author-first= L.|title= (al-)Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib| encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition= Second|editor1-first= P.|editor1-last= Bearman|editor2-first= Th.|editor2-last= Bianquis|editor3-first= C.E.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor4-first= E.|editor4-last= van Donzel|editor5-first= W.P.|editor5-last= Heinrichs| url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0272|year=1971|doi= 10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0272|isbn=9789004161214|ref={{sfnref|Veccia Vaglieri|1971}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Watt |first=Montgomery William |authorlink=W. Montgomery Watt |date=1986 |title=Abū Bakr |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=Second |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=9789004161214 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/abu-bakr-SIM_0165|ref={{sfnref|Watt|1986}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author1-last=Levi Della Vida|author1-first= G.|author2-last= Khoury|author2-first= R.G.|title=ʿUt̲h̲mān b. ʿAffān|encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition= Second| editor1-first=P.|editor1-last= Bearman|editor2-first= Th.|editor2-last= Bianquis|editor3-first= C.E.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor4-first= E.|editor4-last= van Donzel|editor5-first= W.P.|editor5-last= Heinrichs|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1315|year= 2012|doi= 10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1315|ref={{sfnref|Levi Della Vida|Khouri|2012}}}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|year=2012|title=Kharidjites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=Brill Reference Online|url=https://archive.org/details/ejbrillsfirstenc0004unse/mode/2up|last=Levi Della Vida|edition=Second|ref={{sfnref|Levi Della Vida|2012}}}}
 
====Encyclopaedia Islamica====
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Haj Manouchehri |first=Faramarz |date=2022 |title=ʿAlī B. Abī Ṭālib |editor1-first=Wilferd |editor1-last=Madelung |editor2-first=Ali A. |editor2-last=Bulookbashi |editor3-first=Farhad |editor3-last=Daftary |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Islamica |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |ref={{sfnref|Haj Manouchehri|2022}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Sajjadi |first=Sadeq |date=2021 |title=Fadak |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Islamica |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/fadak-COM_036126?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-islamica&s.q=fadak |ref={{sfnref|Sajjadi|2021}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Shah-Kazemi |first=Reza |date=2015 |translator-first=Matthew |translator-last=Melvin-Koushki |title=ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Islamica |doi=10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252 |editor-first=Farhad |editor-link=Farhad Daftary |author-link=Reza Shah-Kazemi |editor-last=Daftary |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252|ref={{sfnref|Shah-Kazemi|2015}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author-last= Bahramian|author-first= Ali|title=ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib 3. Caliphate|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Islamica|editor-first= Farhad|editor-last= Daftary|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252|year=2015|doi= 10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252|ref={{sfnref|Bahramian|2015}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=2015 |title='Alī b. Abī Ṭālib 6. Mysticism (''Taṣawwuf'' and'' 'Irfān'') |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Islamica |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252 |editor-last=Daftary |editor-first=Farhad |editor-link=Farhad Daftary |author2-last=Shah-Kazemi |author2-first=Reza |translator-first=Keven |translator-last=Brown |author1-first=Mohammad Reza |author1-last=Jozi |doi=10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252 |author2-link=Reza Shah-Kazemi|url-access=subscription|ref={{sfnref|Jozi|Shah-Kazemi|2015}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author-first=Mahbanoo |author-last=Alizadeh |translator-first=Farzin |translator-last=Negahban|title='Alī b. Abī Ṭālib 11. The Iconography of Imam 'Alī in Persianate Islamic Art |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Islamica |editor-first=Farhad |editor-link=Farhad Daftary |editor-last=Daftary |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252 |year=2015|doi=10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252|ref={{sfnref|Alizadeh|2015}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author-first=Faramarz |author-last=Haj Manouchehri |translator-first=Matthew |translator-last=Melvin-Koushki|title='Alī b. Abī Ṭālib 1. Names and Titles |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Islamica |editor-first=Farhad |editor-link=Farhad Daftary |editor-last=Daftary |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252 |year=2015|doi=10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252|ref={{sfnref|Haj Manouchehri|2015}}}}
 
====Lainnya====
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Afsaruddin |first=Asma |date=2006 |editor-first=Oliver |editor-last=Leaman |title=GHADIR KHUMM |encyclopedia=The Qurʼan: an Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9-78-0-415-32639-1 |pages=218 |url=https://archive.org/details/quranencyclopedi2006unse/page/218/mode/2up|ref={{sfnref|Afsaruddin|2006}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Anthony |first=Sean W. |date=2013 |title=Ali b. Abi Talib |encyclopedia=The Princeton encyclopedia of Islamic political thought |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/princetonencyclo0000unse/ |editor-last=Bowering |editor-first=Gerhard|ref={{sfnref|Anthony|2013}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Bar-Asher |first=Meir |date=2004 |title=Shīʿism and the Qurʾān |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Quran |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |editor1-last=McAuliffe |editor1-first=Jane Dammen |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-the-quran/shiism-and-the-quran-COM_00181|ref={{sfnref|Bar-Asher|2004}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Buehler |first=Arthur F. |date=2014 |title=FATIMA (d. 632) |encyclopedia=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopaedia of the Prophet of God |publisher=ABC-CLIO |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1/mode/2up |editor1-last=Fitzpatrick |editor1-first=Coeli |volume=1 |pages=182–7 |isbn=9781610691772 |editor2-last=Walker |editor2-first=Adam Hani|ref={{sfnref|Buehler|2014}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |date=2009 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC|ref={{sfnref|Campo|2009}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God|editor1-first=Coeli|editor1-last= Fitzpatrick| editor2-first=Adam Hani|editor2-last= Walker|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|isbn= 9781610691789|volume = 1|url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1/page/18/mode/2up|pages=18–20|author-first=John|author-last=Cappucci|title='A'ISHA (614-678)|ref={{sfnref|Cappucci|2014}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Faizer |first=Rizwi |date=2006 |editor-last=Meri |editor-first=Josef W. |title=SIRA |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic civilization: An encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |page=754 |isbn=978-0415966900 |url=https://archive.org/details/MedievalIslamicCivilizationAnEncyclopedia_201603/page/n797/mode/2up?q=%222%3A207%22|ref={{sfnref|Faizer|2006}}}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2013 |title=arbitration |encyclopedia=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/princetonencyclo0000unse/ |last=Fadel |first=Mohammad |editor-last=Bowering|editor-first=Gerhard|editor-last2=Crone|editor-first2=Patricia|editor-last3=Kadi|editor-first3=Wadad|editor-last4=Mirza|editor-first4=Mahan|editor-last5=Stewart|editor-first5=Devin J.|editor-last6=Zaman|editor-first6=Muhammad Qasim |pages=43–4 |isbn=9780691134840|ref={{sfnref|Fadel|2013}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Fedele |first=Valentina |date=2018 |editor-last=de-Gaia |editor-first=Susan |title=FATIMA (605/15-632 CE) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions |publisher=ABC-CLIO |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jt91DwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA56 |page=56 |isbn=9781440848506|ref={{sfnref|Fedele|2018}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Coeli |last2=Walker |first2=Adam Hani |date=25 April 2014 |title=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-178-9 |via=Google Books|ref={{sfnref|Fitzpatrick|Walker|2014}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Glassé |first=Cyril |date=2001 |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/mode/2up |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |isbn=9780759101890|ref={{sfnref|Glassé|2001}}}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/page/39/mode/2up |encyclopedia=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |year=2001a |isbn=9780759101890 |title='Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (598-40/598-661) |pages=39–41|ref={{sfnref|Glassé|2001a}}}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=Shi'ism |encyclopedia=The new encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/page/422/mode/2up |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |pages=422–8 |isbn=9780759101890|ref={{sfnref|Glassé|2003}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Gleave |first=Robert |date=2004 |title=imamate |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world |volume=1 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-02-865604-5 |editor-first=Richard C. |editor-last=Martin |pages=350, 351|ref={{sfnref|Gleave|2004}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Heck |first=Paul L. |date=2004 |title=Politics and the Quran |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Quran|ref={{sfnref|Heck|2004}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|author-last=Hinds|author-first= M.|title= Muʿāwiya I|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition= Second|editor1-first= P.|editor1-last= Bearman|editor2-first= Th.|editor2-last= Bianquis|editor3-first= C.E.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor4-first= E.|editor4-last= van Donzel|editor5-first= W.P.|editor5-last= Heinrichs|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5279|year=2012|doi= 10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5279|isbn=9789004161214|ref={{sfnref|Hinds|2012}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Hulmes |first=Edward D.A. |date=2008 |title='Ali ibn Abi Talib |editor-first=Ian Richard |editor-last=Netton |publisher=Routledge |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilisation and Religion |pages=43–45|ref={{sfnref|Hulmes|2008}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Lalani |first=Arzina R. |date=2006 |encyclopedia=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |title=Ali ibn Abi Talib |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Leaman |editor-first=Oliver |pages=28–32 |url=https://archive.org/details/quranencyclopedi2006unse/mode/2up|ref={{sfnref|Lalani|2006}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Mosaheb |first1=Gholamhossein |last2=Aqsa |first2=Reza |title=`Ali |date=1381 |encyclopedia=[[The Persian Encyclopedia|Dā′eratolma′āref-e Farsi]] |volume=2(chapter 1) |isbn=964-303-044-X |pages=1760–1762 |location=Tehran |author-link=Gholamhossein Mosaheb |language=Persian |ref=The Persian Encyclopedia|ref={{sfnref|Mosaheb|Aqsa|1381}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Nasr |first1=Seyyed Hossein |author1-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |last2=Afsaruddin |first2=Asma |date=2022 |title=ʿAlī: Muslim caliph |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ali-Muslim-caliph |access-date=2022-11-30 |ref={{sfnref|Nasr|Afsaruddin|2022}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Qutbuddin |first=Tahera |date=2006 |editor-last=Meri |editor-first=Josef W. |title=FATIMA (AL-ZAHRA') BINT MUHAMMAD (CA. 12 BEFORE HIJRA-11/CA. 610-632) |url=https://archive.org/details/MedievalIslamicCivilizationAnEncyclopedia_201603 |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415966900 |pages=248–50|ref={{sfnref|Qutbuddin|2006}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Shah-Kazemi |first=Reza |date=2006 |title=Ali ibn Abi Talib |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic civilization: An encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC |editor-last=Meri |editor-first=Josef W. |page=36 |isbn=978-0415966900|ref={{sfnref|Shah-Kazemi|2006}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Shah-Kazemi |first=Reza |date=2014 |encyclopedia=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God |title=Ali ibn Abi Talib (599-661) |pages=20–24 |editor1-first=Coeli |editor1-last=Fitzpatrick |editor2-first=Adam Hani |editor2-last=Walker |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781610691789 |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1/mode/2up|ref={{sfnref|Shah-Kazemi|2014}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Steigerwald |first=Diana |date=2004 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 |title=ʿAli (600–661) |pages=35–38 |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-865604-5 |ref={{sfnref|Steigerwald|2004}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Thomas |first=David |date=2008 |title=Nahj al-Balagha |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islamic civilisation and religion |publisher=Routledge |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0000unse_h2t8/mode/2up |editor-last=Netton |editor-first=Ian Richard |isbn=978-0700715886|ref={{sfnref|Thomas|2008}}}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Walker |first=Adam H. |date=2014 |editor1-last=Fitzpatrick |editor1-first=Coeli |editor2-last=Walker |editor2-first=Adam Hani |title=ABU BAKR AL-SIDDIQ (C. 573-634) |encyclopedia=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopaedia of the Prophet of God |publisher=ABC-CLIO |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1/mode/2up |volume=1 |pages=1–4 |isbn=9781610691772|ref={{sfnref|Walker|2014}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia|editor-first=Oliver |editor-last=Leaman |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=9780415326391 |url=https://archive.org/details/thequrananencyclopediaed.byoliverleaman_201909/page/n709/mode/2up |author-first=Oliver |author-last=Leaman |title=Ahl al-Bayt|pages=16–17|url-access=registration|author-link=Oliver Leaman|ref={{sfnref|Leaman|2006}}}}
{{refend}}
 
===Jurnal===
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
*{{cite journal |last=Arafat |first=Walid N. |date=1976 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203706 |title=New Light on the Story of Banū Qurayẓa and the Jews of Medina |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |pages=100–7 |volume=108|issue=2 |jstor=25203706|ref={{sfnref|Arafat|1976}}}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Hinds |first1=Martin |date=1971 |title=Kûfan Political Alignments and their Background in the Mid-Seventh Century A.D. |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=346–367 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800001306 |s2cid=155455942 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/kufan-political-alignments-and-their-background-in-the-midseventh-century-ad/8F6655DD2CE6D959FF4BA402669C4334|ref={{sfnref|Hinds|1971}}}}
*{{cite thesis |last=Khetia |first=Vinay |date=2013 |title=Fatima as a motif of contention and suffering in Islamic sources |publisher=Concordia University |url=https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976817/ |ref={{sfnref|Khetia|2013}}}}
*{{cite web |last=Lalani |first=Arzina |date=2011 |title=Ghadir Khumm |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0105.xml |access-date=9 January 2022 |publisher=Oxford Bibliographies|ref={{sfnref|Lalani|2011}}}}
*{{cite journal |last=Miskinzoda |first=Gurdofarid |date=2015 |title=The significance of the ḥadīth of the position of Aaron for the formulation of the Shīʿī doctrine of authority |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=82 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X14001402|s2cid=159678004|ref={{sfnref|Miskinzoda|2015}}}}
*{{cite journal |last=Modarressi |first=Hossein |date=1993 |title=Early debates on the integrity of the Qur'ān: a brief survey |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595789 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=77 |publisher=JSTOR |pages=5–39 |doi=10.2307/1595789 |jstor=1595789|ref={{sfnref|Modarressi|1993}}}}
* {{cite journal |author-last=Petersen |author-first=Erling Ladewig |title=ʿAlī and Muʿāwiah: The rise of the Umayyad caliphate 656-661 |url=https://journals.uio.no/actaorientalia/article/view/5297/4638 |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=23 |year=1958 |pages=157–96|ref={{sfnref|Petersen|1958}}}}
*{{cite thesis |last=Soufi |first=Denise Louise |date=1997 |title=The Image of Fatima in Classical Muslim Thought |publisher=Princeton University |degree=PhD |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/304390529 |id={{ProQuest|304390529}}|ref={{sfnref|Soufi|1997}}}}
* {{cite journal |year=1972a |title=The Murder of the Caliph 'Uthman |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=3 |pages=450–69 |author-last=Hinds |author-first=Martin|issue=4 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800025216 |s2cid=159763369|ref={{sfnref|Hinds|1972a}}}}
* {{cite journal|author-last=Hinds|author-first=Martin|title=The Siffin Arbitration Agreement|journal= Journal of Semitic Studies|volume= 17|year= 1972b|issue=1 |pages= 93–129|doi=10.1093/jss/17.1.93|ref={{sfnref|Hinds|1972b}}}}
{{refend}}
 
===Bacaan lanjutan===
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
*{{cite book |last=Al-Tabari |first=Muhammad ibn Jarir |author-link=Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari |date=1990 |title=History of the Prophets and Kings, translation and commentary issued by R. Stephen Humphreys |volume=XV |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-0154-5 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last=Hamidullah |first=Muhammad |title=The Prophet's Establishing a State and His Succession |year=1988 |publisher=University of California |isbn=978-969-8016-22-7 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last=Hamidullah |first=Muhammad |title=The Prophet's Establishing a State and His Succession |year=1988 |publisher=University of California |isbn=978-969-8016-22-7 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last=Kelen |first=Betty |date=2001 |title=Muhammad: The Messenger of God |publisher=Taylor Production |isbn=978-0-929093-12-3 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last=Merrick |first=James L. |date=2005 |title=The Life and Religion of Mohammed as Contained in the Sheeah Traditions |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-1-4179-5536-7 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last2=Ordoni |first2=Abu Muhammad |first1=Muhammad Kazim |last1=Qazwini |date=1992 |title=Fatima the Gracious |publisher=Ansariyan Publications |oclc=61565460 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last=Redha |first=Mohammad |date=1999 |title=Imam Ali Ibn Abi Taleb (Imam Ali the Fourth Caliph, 1/1 Volume) |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al ilmiyah |isbn=978-2-7451-2532-3 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last1=Rizvi |first1=Akhtar |last2=Saeed |first2=Sayyid |date=1988 |title=Imamate: The vicegerency of the Holy Prophet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0f2qAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania |isbn=978-9976-956-13-9 |pages=24– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617094546/https://books.google.com/books?id=0f2qAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last=Singh |first=N.K. |date=2003 |title=Prophet Muhammad and His Companions |publisher=Global Vision Publishing Ho |isbn=978-81-87746-46-1 |ref=none }}
*{{cite book |last=Zeitlin |first=Irving M. |date=2007 |title=The Historical Muhammad |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3998-7 |ref=none }}
{{refend}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib"