Yordania: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

[[Sunni|Islam Sunni]] adalah agama dominan di Yordania. [[Islam di Yordania|Muslim]] membentuk sekitar 95% dari populasi negara; pada gilirannya, 93% dari mereka mengidentifikasi diri sebagai Sunni.<ref name="pewforum">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|work=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|date=9 August 2012|access-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226113158/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/|archive-date=26 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ada juga sejumlah kecil [[Ahmadiyаh|Muslim Ahmadi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/56.html|title=Propagation of Islam|work=Al Islam|first=Ahmad|last=Kurshid|access-date=16 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513024917/https://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/56.html|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> dan beberapa [[Syiah]]. Banyak Syiah adalah pengungsi Irak dan Lebanon.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/live_from_the_arab_spring/article/shiites_in_jordan_maintained_low_profile_while_marking_ashura_observance|title=Shiites in Jordan maintained low profile while marking Ashura observance|access-date=16 March 2016|date=27 November 2012|work=The Jewish Journal|first=Adam|last=Nicky|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325000103/http://www.jewishjournal.com/live_from_the_arab_spring/article/shiites_in_jordan_maintained_low_profile_while_marking_ashura_observance|archive-date=25 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Yordania memiliki beberapa komunitas [[Kristen Yordania|Kristen]] tertua di dunia, yang berasal dari abad ke-1 M setelah penyaliban [[Yesus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.org/news_middle_east_delegation_refugee_families_04292015|title=Four refugee families living in Jordan share their stories with Mid-East delegation|first=Anthony|last=Moujaes|publisher=United Church of Christ|access-date=27 July 2016|date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924072503/http://www.ucc.org/news_middle_east_delegation_refugee_families_04292015|archive-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> Umat Kristiani saat ini berjumlah sekitar 4% dari populasi,<ref name="abouna"/> turun dari 20% pada tahun 1930, meskipun jumlah absolut mereka telah bertambah.<ref name="thenational.ae">{{cite news |last=Vela |first=Justin |date=14 February 2015 |title=Jordan: The safe haven for Christians fleeing ISIL |work=The National |url=http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/jordan-the-safe-haven-for-christians-fleeing-isil#full |url-status=live |access-date=12 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930153700/http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/jordan-the-safe-haven-for-christians-fleeing-isil#full |archive-date=30 September 2015}}</ref> Hal ini disebabkan tingginya tingkat imigrasi Muslim ke Yordania, tingkat emigrasi Kristen yang lebih tinggi ke [[Dunia Barat|Barat]] dan tingkat kelahiran yang lebih tinggi bagi umat Islam.<ref name=lat>{{cite news |first=Jeffrey |last=Fleishman |title=For Christian enclave in Jordan, tribal lands are sacred |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2009/may/10/world/fg-tribal-catholic10 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=10 May 2009 |access-date=10 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184643/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/may/10/world/fg-tribal-catholic10 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Orang Kristen Yordania berjumlah sekitar 250.000, semuanya berbahasa Arab, menurut perkiraan tahun 2014 oleh [[Ortodoksi|Gereja Ortodoks]], meskipun penelitian tersebut mengecualikan kelompok Kristen minoritas dan ribuan orang Kristen Barat, Irak, dan Suriah yang tinggal di Yordania.<ref name="abouna">{{cite web|title=الأب د. حنا كلداني: نسبة الأردنيين المسيحيين المقيمين 3.68%|first=Hanna|last=Kildani|publisher=Abouna.org|access-date=17 July 2016|date=8 July 2015|url=http://www.abouna.org/holylands/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8-%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-368-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83|language=ar|trans-title=Father Hanna Kildani: the percentage of Christians residing in Jordan is 3.68%|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005230434/http://www.abouna.org/holylands/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8-%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-368-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83|archive-date=5 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Orang-orang Kristen sangat terintegrasi dengan baik dalam masyarakat Yordania dan menikmati tingkat kebebasan yang tinggi.<ref name="angilican">{{cite journal|last=Miller|first=Duane Alexander|title=The Episcopal Church in Jordan: Identity, Liturgy, and Mission|journal=[[Journal of Anglican Studies]]|date=November 2011|volume=9|issue=2|pages=134–153|url=https://www.academia.edu/1482555|access-date=16 June 2016|doi=10.1017/S1740355309990271|s2cid=144069423|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713085729/https://www.academia.edu/1482555|url-status=live}}</ref> Umat Kristen secara tradisional menduduki dua jabatan kabinet, dan mendapat sembilan kursi dari 130 kursi di parlemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanforum.net/country/jordan|title=Jordan|publisher=European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity|access-date=12 October 2015|date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930075539/http://www.europeanforum.net/country/jordan|archive-date=30 September 2013}}</ref> Jabatan politik tertinggi yang dicapai oleh seorang Kristen adalah Wakil Perdana Menteri, yang saat ini dipegang oleh [[Rajai Muasher]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/sultan-sooud-alqassemi/shameful-plight-of-the-mi_b_203319.html|title=Shameful Plight of the Middle East's Christians|work=The Huffington Post|date=14 June 2009|access-date=26 October 2015|first=Sultan Sooud|last=Al-Qassemi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925010959/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sultan-sooud-alqassemi/shameful-plight-of-the-mi_b_203319.html|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Umat Kristen juga berpengaruh di media.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/07/world/jordan-s-christian-arabs-a-small-minority-play-a-major-role.html|title=Jordan's Christian Arabs, A Small Minority, Play A Major Role|work=The New York Times|date=7 January 1987|access-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526214650/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/07/world/jordan-s-christian-arabs-a-small-minority-play-a-major-role.html|archive-date=26 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

 

Minoritas agama yang lebih kecil termasuk [[Druze]], [[Baháʼí|Baháʼís]] dan [[Mandean|Mandaea]]. Sebagian besar Druze Yordania tinggal di kota oasis timur Azraq, beberapa desa di perbatasan Suriah, dan kota Zarqa, sedangkan sebagian besar Baháʼí Yordania tinggal di desa Adassiyeh yang berbatasan dengan [[Lembah Yordania]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5mRxprCL9MC&pg=PA135|title=Minority Rights in the Middle East|access-date=12 October 2015|date=25 April 2013|first1=Joshua|last1=Castellino|first2=Kathleen A.|last2=Cavanaugh|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=135|isbn=9780199679492|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516201435/https://books.google.com/books?id=S5mRxprCL9MC&pg=PA135|archive-date=16 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Diperkirakan 1.400 orang Mandaean tinggal di Amman; mereka datang dari Irak setelah melarikan diri dari penganiayaan invasi 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/jordan-s-mandaean-minority-fear-returning-to-post-isis-iraq-1.738337|title=Jordan's Mandaean minority fear returning to post-ISIS Iraq|work=The National|access-date=9 June 2018|date=9 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142228/https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/jordan-s-mandaean-minority-fear-returning-to-post-isis-iraq-1.738337|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>