Gempa bumi Kerinci 1995: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
+{{Bencana di Indonesia tahun 1990an}} |
Rescuing 12 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
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Baris 11:
| type = [[Sesar]]
| affected = [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]
| intensity = {{MMI|8}}<ref name="BMKG">{{cite web |title=Katalog Gempabumi Signifikan dan Dirasakan |url=https://www.bmkg.go.id/gempabumi/katalog-gempabumi-signifikan.bmkg |website=bmkg.go.id |publisher=BMKG |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-date=2021-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725043658/https://www.bmkg.go.id/gempabumi/katalog-gempabumi-signifikan.bmkg |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| landslide = Ya
| aftershocks = Ya<br>Terbesar: {{m|b}} 5.3<ref name="M 5.3 - southern Sumatra, Indonesia">{{cite web |title=M 5.3 - southern Sumatra, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074pj/executive |website=USGS-ANSS |publisher=USGS |access-date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226102512/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074pj/executive |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| casualties = 84–100 tewas,<ref name="INDONESIA: SUMATERA, JAMBI PROVINCE">{{cite web |title=INDONESIA: SUMATERA, JAMBI PROVINCE |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5422 |website=NGDC NCEI |publisher=NCEI |access-date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=2021-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811075457/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5422 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2.073 terluka
| location = {{coord|2.045|101.436|display=inline,title}}
| map2 = {{Location map| Indonesia Sumatra
Baris 26:
| local-date = {{Start date|1995|10|07}}
}}
'''Gempa bumi Kerinci 1995''' terjadi pada [[7 Oktober]] [[1995]] yang mengakibatkan kerusakan parah di [[Kota Sungaipenuh|Sungaipenuh]], [[Kabupaten Kerinci]], [[Provinsi Jambi]], [[Indonesia]]. Gempa tersebut terjadi pada pukul 01:18 [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] [[UTC+07:00|(UTC +7)]] waktu setempat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=M 6.8 - southern Sumatra, Indonesia|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074ph/executive|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-02|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811075448/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074ph/executive |archive-date=2021-08-11 }}</ref> Gempa tersebut berkekuatan 6,8 {{M|w|link=y}} pada [[skala magnitudo momen]], dan 6,9–7,0 {{M|s|link=y}} pada [[Kekuatan gelombang permukaan|skala magnitudo gelombang permukaan]]. Antara 84 dan bahkan mungkin 100 orang tewas dalam gempa bumi.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |title=Death toll in massive Sumatra quake may rise |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9510/sumatra_quake/10-07/ |access-date=11 August 2021 |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=7 October 1995 |location=Padang, Indonesia |archive-date=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226102508/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9510/sumatra_quake/10-07/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Diperkirakan 4.000 bangunan runtuh atau rusak parah sementara 5.000 lainnya mengalami kerusakan.<ref name="ReliefWeb">{{cite web |title=Indonesia - Earthquake Information Report No.2 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-earthquake-information-report-no2 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |access-date=11 August 2021 |date=8 October 1995 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226152712/https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-earthquake-information-report-no2 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
== Gempa bumi ==
Gempa bumi tersebut terkait dengan patahan strike-slip dangkal di sepanjang [[Sesar Besar Sumatra]], bukan mekanisme dorong yang terkait dengan [[zona subduksi selat sunda]] ke pantai barat.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nanang T. Puspito and Indra Gunawan|date=2005|title=TSUNAMI SOURCES IN THE SUMATRA REGION, INDONESIA AND SIMULATION OF THE 26 DECEMBER 2004 ACEH TSUNAMI|url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset459.pdf|journal=ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology|volume=42|issue=4|pages=111–125|access-date=2022-02-26|archive-date=2022-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226103048/http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset459.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sigit Sukmono, M. T. Zen, L. Hendrajaya, W. G. A. Kadir, D. Santoso, and J. Dubois|date=1997|title=Fractal Pattern of the Sumatra Fault Seismicity and Its Possible Application to Earthquake Prediction|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.889.8705&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|volume=86|issue=6|pages=1685–1690|access-date=2022-02-26|archive-date=2022-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227044925/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.889.8705&rep=rep1&type=pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Ini memecahkan segmen patahan Siulak yang juga terlibat dalam gempa bumi berkekuatan 7,3 pada tahun 1909.<ref name="Hurukawa">{{cite journal |author1=Nobuo Hurukawa |author2=Biana Rahayu Wulandari |author3=Minoru Kasahara |title=Earthquake History of the Sumatran Fault, Indonesia, since 1892, Derived from Relocation of Large Earthquakes |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |date=2014 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=1750–1762 |doi=10.1785/0120130201 |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.855.946&rep=rep1&type=pdf |access-date=2022-02-26 |archive-date=2021-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811075446/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.855.946&rep=rep1&type=pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> Segmen patahan ini telah tenang untuk waktu yang sangat lama sebelum gempa tahun 1995.<ref name="Sukmono">{{cite journal |author1=Sigit Sukmono |author2=M. T. Zen |author3=L. Hendrajaya |author4=W. G. A. Kadir |author5=D. Santoso |author6=J. Dubois |title=Fractal Pattern of the Sumatra Fault Seismicity and Its Possible Application to Earthquake Prediction |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |date=1997 |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=1685–1690 |url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.889.8705&rep=rep1&type=pdf |access-date=2022-02-26 |archive-date=2022-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227044925/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.889.8705&rep=rep1&type=pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>
== Dampak gempa ==
Gempa bumi ini menyebabkan 84 orang tewas, 558 orang luka berat dan 1.310 orang luka ringan. Sementara 7.137 rumah, sarana transportasi, sarana irigasi, tempat ibadah, pasar dan pertokoan mengalami kerusakan.<ref>[http://www.beritamusi.com/berita/2009-10/pesona-bumi-pasemah/berita/2009-09/sejarah-gempa-bumi-di-sumbar-dan-jambi/ Sejarah Gempa Bumi di Sumbar dan Jambi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310121906/http://www.beritamusi.com/berita/2009-10/pesona-bumi-pasemah/berita/2009-09/sejarah-gempa-bumi-di-sumbar-dan-jambi/ |date=2016-03-10 }}, diakses pada 10 Desember 2010.</ref>
Kerusakan terjadi terutama di lembah yang sejajar dengan [[Sesar Besar Sumatra]]. Kerusakan serius dilaporkan terjadi di utara [[Danau Kerinci]].<ref name="Sieh">{{cite journal |author1=[[Kerry Sieh]] |author2=Danny Natawidjaja |title=Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |date=2000 |volume=105 |pages=28295–28326 |url=https://earthobservatory.sg/files/publications/pdf/Neotectonicosf%20the%20Sumatran%20fault,%20Indonesia.pdf |access-date=2022-02-26 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226103053/https://earthobservatory.sg/files/publications/pdf/Neotectonicosf%20the%20Sumatran%20fault,%20Indonesia.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Gempa tersebut memicu tanah longsor besar di sekitar lembah, mengubur banyak penduduk. Associated Press melaporkan bahwa setidaknya 100 orang tewas akibat gempa.<ref>{{Cite news|last=FADYL|first=GHAFUR|date=October 7, 1995|title=At Least 100 Killed as Earthquake Hits Indonesia’s Sumatra Island|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/2304dc43bf7279718fac325cf3704b82|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-02|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317151823/https://apnews.com/article/2304dc43bf7279718fac325cf3704b82|dead-url=no}}</ref> Tambahan 773 orang menderita luka serius sementara 1.300 lainnya luka ringan.<ref name="ReliefWeb" /> Ada laporan sebelumnya yang menyebutkan di desa Kematan di Provinsi Jambi disebabkan oleh gempa.<ref name="Fadyl">{{cite news |author1=Ghafur Fadyl |title=Massive Earthquake Hits Sumatra, Many Lives Lost Hospitals Overwhelmed By Dead And Injured |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/oct/07/massive-earthquake-hits-sumatra-many-lives-lost/ |access-date=11 August 2021 |publisher=The Spokesman-Review |date=7 October 1995 |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317092043/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/oct/07/massive-earthquake-hits-sumatra-many-lives-lost/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
Sebanyak lebih dari 17.600 bangunan terkena dampak, 4.000 di antaranya hancur atau rusak parah, menyebabkan 65.000 orang kehilangan tempat tinggal.<ref name="USGS">{{cite web |title=M 6.8 - 5 km ENE of Sungai Penuh, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074ph/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-date=2021-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811075448/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074ph/executive |dead-url=no }}</ref>
Gempa bumi juga dilaporkan dirasakan di [[Singapura]], yang menyebabkan kepanikan dan membuat banyak warga mengungsi. Meskipun jaraknya 470 km dari pusat gempa, gempa mengguncang lampu dan perabotan di gedung apartemen tinggi.<ref name="Fadyl" />
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