Genichesk: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Genichesk''' ({{lang-uk|Гені́чеськ}}, [[:en:Romanization of Ukrainian|translit.]] ''Heniches’k'', {{IPA-uk|ɦeˈn⁽ʲ⁾i.t͡ʃesʲk|pron}}) adalah kota pelabuhan di sepanjang [[Laut Azov]] di [[Oblast Kherson]] di [[Ukraina]] selatan. Ini berfungsi sebagai pusat administrasi Raion Genichesk. Genichesk menjadi tuan rumah administrasi ''hromada'' perkotaan Genichesk, salah satu ''hromada'' Ukraina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Погиб замглавы Херсонской области Кирилл Стремоусов|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/09/11/2022/636ba8a89a794737468cc9b1|website=РБК|language=ru|access-date=2022-11-09|archive-date=2023-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728220610/https://www.rbc.ru/politics/09/11/2022/636ba8a89a794737468cc9b1|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="admreform_2020_henichesk">{{cite web|title=Геническая городская громада|url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/genicheska/|publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України|language=ru|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2022-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228034149/https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/genicheska/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tahun [[2021]], Genichesk memiliki populasi 19.253 jiwa.

Pada [[November]] [[2022]], kota ini berada di bawah pendudukan Rusia sebagai bagian dari [[pendudukan Rusia di Oblast Kherson]]. Disusul, serangan balasan selatan Ukraina berhasil mengusir [[Angkatan Darat Rusia|pasukan Rusia]] dari kota [[Kherson]]. Dengan demikian, pasukan Rusia memindahkan pusat administrasi sementara mereka ke Genichesk,<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 12, 2022|title=Occupation ‘government’ of Kherson region announces temporary relocation of regional capital to Henichesk|url=https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2022/11/12/occupation-government-of-kherson-region-announces-temporary-relocation-of-regional-capital-to-henichesk-en-news|website=Novaya Gazeta Europe|access-date=November 12, 2022|archive-date=2022-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113033038/https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2022/11/12/occupation-government-of-kherson-region-announces-temporary-relocation-of-regional-capital-to-henichesk-en-news|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=12 November 2022|title=Ukraine carries out ‘stabilisation’ of Kherson after night of jubilation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/12/ukraine-carries-out-stabilisation-of-kherson-after-night-of-jubilation|work=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=13 November 2022|archive-date=2023-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608052942/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/12/ukraine-carries-out-stabilisation-of-kherson-after-night-of-jubilation|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=12 November 2022|title=Временной столицей аннексированной Херсонской области объявили Геническ|url=https://meduza.io/news/2022/11/12/vremennoy-stolitsey-anneksirovannoy-hersonskoy-oblasti-ob-yavili-genichesk|work=[[Meduza]]|language=ru|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2023-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624132743/https://meduza.io/news/2022/11/12/vremennoy-stolitsey-anneksirovannoy-hersonskoy-oblasti-ob-yavili-genichesk|dead-url=no}}</ref> meskipun mereka masih mengklaim Kherson sebagai ibu kota resmi di pengasingan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Херсонские власти опровергли перенос столицы в Геническ|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/12/11/2022/636ff0df9a79476f289dd67f|website=РБК|language=ru|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2023-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403223443/https://www.rbc.ru/politics/12/11/2022/636ff0df9a79476f289dd67f|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Genichesk didirikan sebagai benteng oleh [[Kekaisaran Rusia]] pada tahun [[1784]] dan dari tahun [[1812]] juga dikenal sebagai ''Ust-Ozivske''. Kemudian pada masa itu, wilayah ini merupakan jalur pelabuhan dan pusat perdagangan di jalur garam yang berangkat dari [[Krimea]] ke utara ke [[Ukraina]] dan [[Rusia]]. Pada pergantian abad ke-20, wilayah ini adalah lokasi salah satu pabrik [[tepung]] terbesar di Ukraina selatan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHenichesk.htm|title=Entry Display Web Page|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313200534/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHenichesk.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Selama [[Perang Dunia II]], kota ini diduduki oleh [[Jerman]]. Jerman mengoperasikan penjara [[Nazisme|Nazi]] di kota.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=751|title=Gefängnis Henices'k|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=2 October 2022|language=de|archive-date=2022-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002120400/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=751|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Selama penangkapan Rusia, sebuah insiden terkenal terjadi di mana seorang wanita tua menghadapi tentara Rusia dan berkata "''Taruh biji [[bunga matahari]] di saku Anda sehingga mereka tumbuh di tanah Ukraina saat Anda mati''."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=Ukrainian woman to Russian soldier: 'Put sunflower seeds in your pocket so they grow when you die' |url=https://newsroom.gy/2022/02/25/ukrainian-woman-to-russian-soldier-put-sunflower-seeds-in-your-pocket-so-they-grow-when-you-die/ |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=News Room Guyana |archive-date=2023-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201064216/https://newsroom.gy/2022/02/25/ukrainian-woman-to-russian-soldier-put-sunflower-seeds-in-your-pocket-so-they-grow-when-you-die/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Kota itu juga menjadi tempat kematian Vitalii Skakun, yang tewas meledakkan jembatan untuk menghentikan gerak maju Rusia.<ref name="newsweek">{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Jon |date=25 February 2022 |title="Heroic" Ukrainian soldier blows up bridge, himself to halt Russia advances |url=https://www.newsweek.com/heroic-ukrainian-soldier-blows-bridge-himself-halt-russia-advances-1682810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226172441/https://www.newsweek.com/heroic-ukrainian-soldier-blows-bridge-himself-halt-russia-advances-1682810 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-25 |title=Ukrainian woman offers seeds to Russian soldiers so 'sunflowers grow when they die' – video |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2022/feb/25/ukrainian-woman-sunflower-seeds-russian-soldiers-video |access-date=2022-05-27 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224162944/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2022/feb/25/ukrainian-woman-sunflower-seeds-russian-soldiers-video |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brave Ukrainian woman tells Russian soldier: 'Put sunflower seeds in your pocket so they grow when you die' |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/brave-ukrainian-woman-tells-russian-073325844.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=sports.yahoo.com |archive-date=2022-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111173223/https://sports.yahoo.com/brave-ukrainian-woman-tells-russian-073325844.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=Ukrainian woman tells Russian soldier to put sunflower seeds pocket so they bloom |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russia-soldier-woman-confrontation-b2022993.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=The Independent |archive-date=2022-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320045655/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russia-soldier-woman-confrontation-b2022993.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Pada tanggal [[3 Juni]], [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] [[Dekrit (hukum)|mendekritkan]] pembentukan administrasi militer untuk kota tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-03 |title=ЗЕЛЕНСЬКИЙ ПІДПИСАВ УКАЗ ПРО СТВОРЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ В ГЕНІЧЕСЬКУ |url=https://www.5.ua/regiony/zelenskyi-pidpysav-ukaz-pro-stvorennia-viiskovoi-administratsii-v-henichesku-279005.html |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=5 канал |language=uk |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113200945/https://www.5.ua/regiony/zelenskyi-pidpysav-ukaz-pro-stvorennia-viiskovoi-administratsii-v-henichesku-279005.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Pada [[9 November]], pemimpin separatis dan wakil kepala administrasi militer-sipil [[Oblast Kherson (Rusia)|Kherson]] yang diduduki [[Rusia]], Kirill Stremousov, meninggal dalam kecelakaan di dekat Genichesk.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tenisheva |first=Anastasia |date=2022-11-09 |title=Deputy Head of Russian-Occupied Kherson Region Dies in Car Crash |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/11/09/deputy-head-of-russian-occupied-kherson-region-dies-in-car-crash-a79331 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604101749/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/11/09/deputy-head-of-russian-occupied-kherson-region-dies-in-car-crash-a79331 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

* [http://www.genichesk.com.ua Situs tidak resmi kota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722000227/https://genichesk.com.ua/ |date=2023-07-22 }}