Ghana: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Ghana infobox}}

 

 

Negara permanen pertama di Ghana masa kini adalah [[Bonoman|negara bagian Bono]] pada abad ke-11.<ref>{{cite book|last=Meyerowitz|first=Eva L. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3lyAAAAMAAJ|title=The Early History of the Akan States of Ghana|date=1975|publisher=Red Candle Press|isbn=9780608390352}}</ref> Banyak kerajaan dan kekaisaran muncul selama berabad-abad, yang paling kuat adalah [[Kerajaan Dagbon]] di utara<ref>{{cite book |last1=Danver |first1=Steven L |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Native_Peoples_of_the_World/vf4TBwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA25&printsec=frontcover |title=Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues |date=10 March 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-46400-6 |page=25}}</ref> dan [[Kekaisaran Ashanti]] di selatan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asante Kingdom|date=15 June 2002|url=http://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/asante-kingdom|publisher=[[Afrika-Studiecentrum, Leiden]]|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712214333/http://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/asante-kingdom|archive-date=12 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Dimulai pada abad ke-15, [[Imperium Portugal|Kekaisaran Portugis]], diikuti oleh banyak kekuatan Eropa lainnya, memperebutkan wilayah tersebut untuk hak perdagangan, sampai [[Britania Raya|Britania]] akhirnya menguasai pantai pada akhir abad ke-19. Setelah lebih dari satu abad penjajahan, perbatasan Ghana saat ini terbentuk, meliputi empat wilayah kolonial Inggris yang terpisah: [[Pantai Emas (koloni Britania)|Pantai Emas]], [[Ashanti (koloni Britania)|Ashanti]], [[Wilayah Utara Pantai Emas|Wilayah Utara]], dan [[Togoland Britania]]. Ini disatukan sebagai dominasi independen dalam [[Persemakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] pada 6 Maret 1957, menjadi koloni pertama di [[Afrika Barat]] yang memperoleh kemerdekaan.<ref name="Universal Newsreel">{{cite video|year=1957|title=Video: A New Nation: Gold Coast becomes Ghana In Ceremony, 1957/03/07 (1957)|url=https://archive.org/details/1957-03-07_A_New_Nation|publisher=[[Universal Newsreel]]|access-date=20 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128113959/http://archive.org/details/1957-03-07_A_New_Nation|archive-date=28 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="First For Sub-Saharan Africa">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/14chapter3.shtml|title=First For Sub-Saharan Africa|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/14chapter3.shtml|archive-date=1 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Exploring Africa – Decolinization">{{cite web |title=Exploring Africa – Decolonization |url=http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/images/decolinization.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602212136/http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/images/decolinization.jpg |archive-date=2 June 2013 |access-date=29 February 2012 |publisher=Exploring Africa - Michigan State University}}</ref> Ghana kemudian menjadi berpengaruh dalam upaya dekolonisasi dan gerakan Pan-Afrika.<ref name="Ateku">{{cite web |last=Ateku |first=Abdul-Jalilu |date=March 7, 2017 |title=Ghana is 60: An African success story with tough challenges ahead |url=http://theconversation.com/ghana-is-60-an-african-success-story-with-tough-challenges-ahead-74049 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629063944/https://theconversation.com/ghana-is-60-an-african-success-story-with-tough-challenges-ahead-74049 |archive-date=Jun 29, 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=The Conversation}}</ref>