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{{utama|Sejarah Jamaika}}
Orang asli [[Arawak]] atau [[Taino]] dari [[Amerika Selatan]] pertama kali menetap di pulau ini antara tahun [[1000]] dan [[400]] SM. Meskipun beberapa mengklaim mereka hampir punah setelah kontak dengan [[Eropa]], kelompok lain mengklaim bahwa beberapa selamat. Jamaika diklaim oleh [[Spanyol]] setelah [[Christopher Columbus]] pertama kali mendarat di sana pada tahun 1494. Columbus menggunakan pulau tersebut sebagai tanah pribadi keluarganya. Laksamana [[Protektorat|Inggris]] [[
[[Berkas:Jm-map.png|jmpl|ka|199px|Peta Jamaika]]
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[[File:Dunns River Falls Photo D Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|[[Air Terjun Sungai Dunn]] yang indah di [[Ocho Ríos]]]]
Jamaika adalah pulau terbesar ketiga di [[Kepulauan Karibia|Karibia]].<ref name="jamaica background">{{cite web|title=County Background – Jamaica|url=http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsana/e/fulltext/perfiles/jamaica.pdf|publisher=Pan American Health Organization|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130153040/http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsana/e/fulltext/perfiles/jamaica.pdf|archive-date=30 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Itu terletak di antara garis lintang 17° dan 19°LU, dan garis bujur 76° dan 79°B. Pegunungan mendominasi interior: pegunungan Don Figuerero, Santa Cruz, dan May Day di barat, [[Pegunungan Dry Harbour]] di tengah, dan [[Pegunungan John Crow]] dan [[Pegunungan Biru Jamaika|Pegunungan Biru]] di timur, yang terakhir berisi [[Puncak Gunung Biru]], gunung tertinggi di Jamaika pada ketinggian 2.256 m.<ref name="CIA World Factbook – Jamaica">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica/ |title=CIA World Factbook – Jamaica |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=11 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111023238/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="EBJ">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamaica |title=Encyclopedia Britannica – Jamaica |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930100130/https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamaica |archive-date=30 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mereka dikelilingi oleh dataran pantai yang sempit.<ref name="CIA World Factbook – Jamaica"/><ref name="Geogofjam">{{cite web|title=Geography of Jamaica|url=http://www.discoverjamaica.com/gleaner/discover/geography/geography.htm|publisher=Jamaica Gleaner|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518020038/http://www.discoverjamaica.com/gleaner/discover/geography/geography.htm|archive-date=18 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref
Daya tarik turis meliputi [[Air Terjun Sungai Dunn]] di St. Ann, Air Terjun YS di St. Elizabeth, Laguna Biru di [[Paroki Portland, Jamaika|Portland]], kawah gunung berapi yang tidak aktif,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 13, 2023 |title=Blue Lagoon |url=https://portlandmc.gov.jm/attractions/blue-lagoon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617151241/https://portlandmc.gov.jm/attractions/blue-lagoon |archive-date=June 17, 2022 |access-date=January 13, 2023 |website=[[Portland Parish|Portland]] Municipal Corporation}}</ref> dan [[Port Royal]], tempat gempa bumi besar pada tahun 1692 yang membantu membentuk tombolo [[Palisadoes]] di pulau itu.<ref name="kingston">{{cite web|title=Kingston tourist destinations|url=http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/kingston-jam-jam-jk.htm|publisher=Planet Aware|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716174927/http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/kingston-jam-jam-jk.htm|archive-date=16 July 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="jamtourist">{{cite web|title=Jamaican tourist attractions|url=http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/jamaica-jam-jam-jam.htm|publisher=Planet Aware|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209073214/http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/jamaica-jam-jam-jam.htm|archive-date=9 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="portantonio">{{cite web|title=Port Antonio tourist attractions|url=http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/port-antonio-jam-jam-jpa.htm|publisher=Planet Aware|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203044010/http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/port-antonio-jam-jam-jpa.htm|archive-date=3 February 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ochorios">{{cite web|title=Ocho Rios tourist attractions|url=http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/ocho-rios-jam-jam-joch.htm|publisher=Planet Aware|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221225525/http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/ocho-rios-jam-jam-joch.htm|archive-date=21 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map JAM present.svg|thumb|[[Klasifikasi iklim Köppen]] Jamaika.]]
Iklim di Jamaika adalah [[Tropika|tropis]], dengan cuaca panas dan lembap, meskipun daerah pedalaman yang lebih tinggi lebih beriklim [[Iklim sedang|sedang]].<ref name="EBJ"/><ref name="climate">{{cite web|title=Jamaica Climate and Weather|url=http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Jamaica/Climate|publisher=Word Travels|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627015148/http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Jamaica/Climate/|archive-date=27 June 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref
Jamaika terletak di [[sabuk badai]] [[Samudra Atlantik]] dan karena itu, pulau ini terkadang mengalami kerusakan akibat badai yang signifikan.<ref name="EBJ"/><ref name="jamhurricanes">{{cite web |title=Construction and Building in Jamaica |url=http://www.projects-abroad.org/volunteer-in-latin-america/building/jamaica/ |publisher=Projects Abroad |access-date=11 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205171026/http://www.projects-abroad.org/volunteer-in-latin-america/building/jamaica/ |archive-date=5 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref
== Politik ==
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Didukung oleh lembaga keuangan multilateral, Jamaika, sejak awal 1980-an, berupaya menerapkan reformasi struktural yang bertujuan mendorong aktivitas sektor swasta dan meningkatkan peran kekuatan pasar dalam alokasi sumber daya.<ref name="mof.gov.jm">{{cite web |url=http://www.mof.gov.jm/mof-media/media-centre/press/2569-goj-divestment-and-projects-programme-to-generate-billions-in-investment-opportunities-for-jamaican-capital.html |title=GOJ Divestment and Projects Programme to Generate Billions in Investment Opportunities for Jamaican Capital |publisher=Government of Jamaica Ministry of Finance and Public Services |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062403/http://www.mof.gov.jm/mof-media/media-centre/press/2569-goj-divestment-and-projects-programme-to-generate-billions-in-investment-opportunities-for-jamaican-capital.html |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jamaica Observer newspaper">{{cite web |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Holness_says_divestment_of_state_assets_good_thing_for_Jamaica |title=Holness says divestment of state assets good thing for Jamaica |publisher=Jamaica Observer newspaper |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062310/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Holness_says_divestment_of_state_assets_good_thing_for_Jamaica |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jamaica Gleaner newspaper">{{cite web|url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20181114/dbj-bats-small-investors-wigton-divestment|title=DBJ Bats For Small Investors in Wigton Divestment|date=14 November 2018|publisher=Jamaica Gleaner newspaper|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224003542/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20181114/dbj-bats-small-investors-wigton-divestment|archive-date=24 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Sejak 1991, pemerintah telah mengikuti program liberalisasi dan stabilisasi ekonomi dengan menghilangkan kontrol devisa,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.export.gov/article?id=Jamaica-Foreign-Exchange-Controls |title=Jamaica – Foreign Exchange Controls |website=export.gov |publisher=Government of the United States |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224002029/https://www.export.gov/article?id=Jamaica-Foreign-Exchange-Controls |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/business/-No-legal-restrictions-on-foreign-currency-quotes-_15570664 |title=No Legal Restrictions of Foreign Currency Quotes |website=Jamaica Observer |publisher=Jamaica Observer Newspaper |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224002109/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/business/-No-legal-restrictions-on-foreign-currency-quotes-_15570664 |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> mengambangkan nilai tukar,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ctrc.sice.oas.org/trc/Jamaica/JamaicaTP.asp |title=Trade Reference Centre – Jamaica – Caribbean Trade Reference Centre |publisher=Trade Reference Centre – Jamaica – Caribbean Trade Reference Centre |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228010302/http://ctrc.sice.oas.org/trc/Jamaica/JamaicaTP.asp |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="state1">{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157299.htm |title=2011 Investment Climate Statement — Jamaica |publisher=U.S. Department of State |access-date=2023-02-08 |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208230306/https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157299.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> pemotongan [[bea]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.export.gov/article?id=Jamaica-Import-Tariffs |title=Jamaica – Import Tariffs |website=export.gov |publisher=Government of the United States |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224001921/https://www.export.gov/article?id=Jamaica-Import-Tariffs |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> menstabilkan [[dolar Jamaika]], mengurangi inflasi<ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-17/no-inflation-no-cry-jamaica-turns-to-reggae-to-promote-target |title=Jamaica Turns to Reggae Videos to Promote Inflation Target |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=22 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222151944/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-17/no-inflation-no-cry-jamaica-turns-to-reggae-to-promote-target |archive-date=22 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> dan menghapus pembatasan [[Investasi asing langsung|investasi asing]].<ref name="state1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.export.gov/article?id=Jamaica-Openness-to-Foreign-Investment |title=Jamaica – 1-Openness to & Restriction on Foreign Investment |publisher=U.S. Department of State |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224002016/https://www.export.gov/article?id=Jamaica-Openness-to-Foreign-Investment |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Penekanan ditempatkan pada pemeliharaan disiplin fiskal yang ketat, keterbukaan yang lebih besar terhadap arus perdagangan dan keuangan, liberalisasi pasar dan pengurangan ukuran pemerintahan. Selama periode ini, sebagian besar ekonomi dikembalikan ke kepemilikan sektor swasta melalui program [[divestasi]] dan [[privatisasi]].<ref name="mof.gov.jm"/><ref name="Jamaica Observer newspaper"/><ref name="Jamaica Gleaner newspaper"/> Zona perdagangan bebas di Kingston, Montego Bay, dan Spanish Town memungkinkan impor bebas bea, keuntungan bebas pajak, dan repatriasi pendapatan ekspor secara gratis.<ref name="Jamaica Economy">{{cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/jamaica/economy |title=Jamaica (Economy) |publisher=Official Commonwealth Website (UK) |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224001931/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/jamaica/economy |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Perekonomian Jamaika tumbuh kuat setelah tahun-tahun kemerdekaan,<ref name="Jamaica Economy"/> tetapi kemudian mengalami stagnasi pada tahun 1980-an, karena jatuhnya harga bauksit dan fluktuasi harga pertanian.<ref name="
== Demografi ==
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=== Literatur ===
Wartawan dan penulis [[H. G. de Lisser]] (1878–1944) menggunakan negara asalnya sebagai latar untuk banyak novelnya.<ref name=Hughes>Michael Hughes, "De Lisser, Herbert G.", ''A Companion to West Indian Literature'', Collins, 1979, pp. 40–42.</ref> Lahir di [[Falmouth, Jamaika]], de Lisser bekerja sebagai reporter untuk ''[[Jamaika Times
[[Roger Mais]] (1905 – 1955), seorang jurnalis, penyair, dan penulis drama menulis banyak cerita pendek, drama, dan novel, termasuk ''The Hills Were Joyful Together'' (1953), ''Brother Man'' (1954), dan ''Black Lightning'' (1955).<ref name="Hawthorne 7">Hawthorne, Evelyn J. "The Writer and the Nationalist Model", ''Roger Mais and the Decolonization of Caribbean Culture'', NY: Peter Lang, 1989, p. 7.</ref>
[[Marlon James]] (1970), novelis yang telah menerbitkan tiga novel: ''John Crow's Devil'' (2005), ''[[The Book of Night Women
=== Kuliner ===
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