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== Bentuk-bentuk pacuan kuda ==
<!-- :''Untuk informasi lebih terinci dalam topik ini, lihat [[Harness racing]] dan [[pacuan kuda Thoroughbred]].'' -->
Salah satu bentuk utama dari pacuan kuda yang populer di banyak bagian dunia sekarang adalah [[pacuan kuda Thoroughbred]]. [[Harness racing]] juga populer di daerah sebelah timur [[Amerika Serikat]] dan lebih populer dibandingkan dengan pacuan thoroughbred di Kanada dan beberapa bagian Eropa. <!--[[American quarter horse|Quarter horse]] and Arabian racing are also popular in the western United States and [[Florida]].-->
Pembiakan, latihan dan pacuan kuda di banyak negara kini menjadi aktivitas ekonomi yang penting sehingga, dalam banyak hal ia menjadi pendukung kegiatan perjudian. Kuda-kuda yang luar biasa dapat memenangkan jutaan dolar dan menghasilkan berjuta-juta dolar lagi dengan menjadi pejantan lewat [[pembiakan kuda]].
<!--== Horse racing in North America ==
[[Berkas:Monmouth Park.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Monmouth Racetrack in [[New Jersey]] in May 2005.]]
The style of racing, the distances and the type of events varies very much by the country in which the race is occurring, and many countries offer different types of horse races.
In the [[United States]], races can occur on flat surfaces of either dirt or grass, generally thoroughbred racing; other tracks offer [[quarter horse]] racing and [[harness racing]], or combinations of these three types of racing. Racing with other breeds, such as [[Arabian horse]] racing, is found on a limited basis. American thoroughbred races are run at a wide variety of distances, most commonly from 4.5 [[furlong]]s (905 m) to 1½ miles (2414 m); with this in mind, breeders of thoroughbred race horses are able to breed horses to excel at a particular distance (see [[Dosage Index]]).
Just as Americans differ from the British on which side of the road they drive, so too do they differ on which way a horse race is run around a track. This difference began with Colonel William Whitley, a hero of the [[American Revolution]] who died leading the charge against [[Tecumseh]] in the [[War of 1812]]. Col. Whitley had such an aversion to all things British, that when he laid out his own track on his land in [[Kentucky]], he devised it so the horses ran counter to English tracks. He also used clay rather than [[turf]] for the same reason.
The high point of US horse racing has traditionally been the [[Kentucky Derby]] which, together with the [[Preakness Stakes]] and the [[Belmont Stakes]], form the [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing]] for three-year-olds. However, in recent years the [[Breeders' Cup]] races, held at the end of the year, have been challenging the Triple Crown events, held early in the year, as determiners of the three-year-old champion. They also have an important effect on the selection of other annual champions. The corresponding standard-bred event is the Breeders' Crown. There are also a [[Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Pacers]] and a [[Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Trotters]].
American betting on horse racing is sanctioned and regulated by state governments, almost always through legalized [[parimutuel gambling]]. Thoroughbred horse racing in the United States has its own [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] for horses, jockeys, and trainers.
The most famous horse from [[Canada]] is generally considered to be [[Northern Dancer]], who after winning the Kentucky Derby and Preakness went on to become the most successful Thoroughbred sire of the 20th Century. The only challenger to his title of greatest Canadian horse would be his son [[Nijinsky II]], who is the last horse to win the English [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing|Triple Crown]], and was a better racehorse. [[Woodbine Racetrack]] in Toronto, home of the [[Queen's Plate]], Canada's premier thoroughbred stakes race, and the [[North America Cup]], Canada's premier standard-bred stakes race, is the only race track in North America which stages Thoroughbred and Standard-bred (harness) meetings on the same day. The Pattison Canadian International has the largest purse of any Canadian horse race.
== Horse racing in Australia ==
[[Berkas:Tambo vallery races 2006 edit.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Tambo Valley Picnic Races, Victoria, Australia 2006]]
{{details|Horseracing in Australia}}
Racing in [[Australia]] has enjoyed great success with races such as the world famous [[Melbourne Cup]], the so-called ''race that stops a nation'', which has recently attracted many international entries. In [[Australia]], the most famous horse was [[Phar Lap]], who raced from 1928-1932 (though originally bred in New Zealand). In 2003-2005 [[Makybe Diva]] became the first and only horse to ever win the [[Melbourne Cup]] three times. In [[harness racing]], [[Paleface Adios]] became a household name during the 1970s, while [[Cardigan Bay (horse)|Cardigan Bay]], a pacing horse from [[New Zealand]], enjoyed great success at the highest levels of American harness racing in the 1960s.
== Pacuan kuda di Eropa ==
[[Irlandia]] mempunyai sejarah yang kaya dalam pacuan kuda; Pertandingan dari suatu titik ke titik yang lain berasal dari negara ini, dan bahkan pertandingan sambil berburu di daerah yang tidak rata sedikit lebih populer daripada balap kuda di landasan yang rata. Akibatnya, setiap tahun banyak sekali para penggemar pacuan kuda Irlandia yang mengunjungi tempat penting dalam kalender Perburuan Nasional, yaitu [[Festival Cheltenham]]. Dalam tahun-tahun belakangan ini, kuda-kuda yang dimiliki oleh Irlandia atau yang dikembangbiakkan di sana telah mendominasi pertandingan ini. Irlandia mempunyai industri pembiakan thoroughbred yang maju, yang didorong oleh sistem pajak yang menguntungkan. Pejantan thoroughbred terbesar dunia, [[Coolmore Stud]], tinggal di sini. Para pelatih Irlandia terkenal termasuk [[Demot Weld]], [[John Oxx]] dan [[Aidan O'Brien]]. Joki-joki pentingnya antara lain adalah [[Kieren Fallon]], [[Michael Kinane]], [[Johnny Murtagh]], [[Ruby Walsh]] dan [[Paul Carberry]]. Pemenang beberapa kali [[Piala Emas Cheltenham|Piala Emas]], [[Best Mate]] juga berasal dari Irlandia, sementara [[Red Rum]] yang hebat dibiakkan di negara ini, dan kemudian pindah menyeberangi [[Laut Irlandia]] untuk dilatih.
== Pacuan kuda di Asia ==
===United Kingdom===
{{details|Horseracing in the United Kingdom}}
In the [[United Kingdom]], there are races which involve obstacles (either hurdles or fences) called [[National Hunt racing]] and those which are unobstructed races over a given distance ([[flat racing]]). The UK has provided many of the sport's greatest ever jockeys, most notably [[Gordon Richards]]. See also [[United Kingdom horse-racing]].
== Pedigree ==
{{details|Horse breeding}}
While the attention of horse racing fans and the media is focused almost exclusively on the horse's performance on the racetrack, or for male horses possibly its success as a sire, little publicity is given to brood mares. Such is the case of [[La Troienne]], one of the most important mares of the 20th century to whom many of the greatest thoroughbred champions, and dams of champions, can be traced.
In most horse races, not including steeplechases, the pedigree of the horse is one of the things that allow it to race. In a normal flat race, the horse must have a sire (father) who is a pure thoroughbred and a dam (mother) who is also a pure thoroughbred. In a normal harness race, the horses sire and dam must both be pure standardbreds.
A stallion who has won many races will usually be put up to stud when he is retired. This means that the owner of a mare can pay to breed his mare to that stallion. The more successful a stallion has been, the more expensive it is to breed the mare. An owner who is serious about racing will strive for the best, and will usually pay the expensive amount, so an owner who has had a successful colt will probably make more money than an owner with a filly.
Pedigrees of stallions can be seen at [http://www.stallionbook.co.uk/ Weatherbys Stallion Book] and pedigrees of recent Stakes race winners can be found on sites such as [http://www.the-racehorse.com/bloodstock/stakes_analysis/ the-racehorse.com].-->
== Asia ==
Di Asia beberapa pusat pacuan kuda yang penting adalah di [[Hong Kong]], [[Makau]], dan [[Malaysia]]. Di [[Jakarta]] pada tahun 1970-an dibuka gelanggang pacuan kuda di daerah [[Pulo Mas]], [[Jakarta Timur]], namun pada tahun 1980-an ditutup seiring dengan dilarangnya kegiatan perjudian di Indonesia.
<!--== Betting ==
{{details|Gambling}}
At many horse races, there is a gambling station, where gamblers can stake money on a horse. (Gambling on horses is prohibited at some tracks; the nationally renowened Colonial Cup Steeplechase in Camden, South Carolina, is known as one of the races which betting is illegal, because of a 1951 law in the state where betting on horse racing is illegal.) Where gambling is allowed, most tracks offer [[Parimutuel betting]] where gamblers' money is pooled and shared proportionally among the winners once a deduction is made from the pool. In some countries, such as UK, Ireland and Australia, an alternative and more popular facility is provided by [[Bookmaker]]s who effectively [[Market maker|make a market]] in odds. This allows the gambler to lock in odds on a horse at a particular time.
===Types of bets===
The three most common ways to bet money are: bet to win, bet to place, and bet to show. Bet to win means that you stake money on the horse, and if it comes in first place, the bet is a winner. In bet to place, you are betting on your horse to finish either first or second and 'show' is first, second or third. Since it is much easier to select a horse to finish first, second or third than it is to select a horse just for first, the 'show' payoffs will be much lower on average than win payoffs. Betting 'show' is really playing it safe while win betting is a bit more risky, yet the rewards are better.
In Europe, betting to show is less commonplace since the number of "payout places" varies depending on the size of the field that takes part in the race. For example, in a race with seven or less runners in the UK, only the first two finishers would be considered winning bets with most bookmakers. Three places are paid for eight or more runners, whilst 16 runners or more will see the first four places being classed as "placed". Betting to place takes on a different meaning in Europe for this reason. In the US a place bet would only pay out if the horse in question finished first or second, whilst in the UK, a place bet would be deemed a winner based on the aforementioned criteria.
The term "Each Way" bet is used across the globe, but again has a different meaning depending on your location. An each way (or E/W) bet sees your total bet being split in two, with half being placed on the win, and half on the place. US bettors would only see a payout for a first or second place finish with this type of bet, whilst European and British bettors (or "punters") would receive a payout if the horse either wins, or is placed based on the place criteria as stated above. Most UK bookmakers cut the odds considerably for an each bet, offering the full odds if the horse wins but only a third, a quarter or a fifth of the odds if only the place section of the bet is successful.-->
== Bahaya pacuan kuda ==
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[[Kategori:BerkudaPacuan kuda]]
[[ar:سباق الخيل]]
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