Sistem klasifikasi APG IV: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
←Membuat halaman berisi 'thumb|500px|Evolusi angiospermae ditampilkan dalam format diagram, per APG IV '''Sistem klasifikasi APG IV''' adalah versi keempat dari sistem taksonomi tumbuhan modern yang sebagian besar berbasis molekul untuk tumbuhan berbunga (angiospermae) yang dikembangkan oleh ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Group'' (APG). Sistem ini diterbitkan pada tahun 2016, tujuh tahun setelah Sistem klasifikasi...' Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
||
Baris 4:
Dibandingkan dengan sistem klasifikasi APG III, sistem klasifikasi APG IV mengenali lima ordo baru ([[Boraginales]], [[Dilleniales]], [[Icacinales]], [[Metteniusales]] dan [[Vahliales]]) bersamaan dengan beberapa famili baru, sehingga total menjadi 64 ordo dan 416 famili angiospermae.{{sfnp|ps=none|APG IV|2016}} Secara umum, penulis menggambarkan filosofi mereka sebagai "konservatif", berdasarkan pada perubahan dari APG III hanya jika "kebutuhan yang didukung dengan baik" telah ditunjukkan. Hal ini terkadang mengakibatkan penempatan yang tidak sesuai dengan penelitian yang dipublikasikan, namun memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut sebelum klasifikasi dapat diubah.{{sfnp|ps=none|APG IV|2016|p=5}}
== Versi Detail ==
Kunci simbol yang digunakan:
* = famili telah ditambah atau batasannya diubah sejak sistem klasifikasi APG III tahun 2009
+ = ordo telah ditambahkan sejak sistem klasifikasi APG III
===[[Basal angiospermae]]===
* [[Amborellales]] <small>Melikyan et al.</small>
** [[Amborellaceae]] <small>Pichon, nom. cons.</small>
* [[Nymphaeales]] <small>Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Hydatellaceae]] <small>U.Hamann</small>
** [[Cabombaceae]] <small>Rich. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Nymphaeaceae]] <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Austrobaileyales]] <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
** [[Austrobaileyaceae]] <small>Croizat, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Trimeniaceae]] <small>Gibbs, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Schisandraceae]] <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small>
===[[Magnoliidae]]===
* [[Canellales]] <small>Cronq.</small>
** [[Canellaceae]] <small>Mart., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Winteraceae]] <small>R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Piperales]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Saururaceae]] <small>Rich. ex T.Lestib., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Piperaceae]] <small>Giseke, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Aristolochiaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (termasuk Asaraceae <small>Vent.</small>, Hydnoraceae <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>, Lactoridaceae <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>)
* [[Magnoliales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Myristicaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Magnoliaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Degeneriaceae]] <small>I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Himantandraceae]] <small>Diels, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Eupomatiaceae]] <small>Orb., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Annonaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Laurales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Calycanthaceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Siparunaceae]] <small>Schodde</small>
** [[Gomortegaceae]] <small>Reiche, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Atherospermataceae]] <small>R.Br.</small>
** [[Hernandiaceae]] <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Monimiaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lauraceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
===Silsilah independen: tidak ditempatkan pada klad yang lebih inklusif===
* [[Chloranthales]] <small>Mart.</small>
** [[Chloranthaceae]] <small>R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.</small>
===[[Tumbuhan berkeping biji tunggal|Monocotyl]]===
* [[Acorales]] <small>Mart.</small>
** [[Acoraceae]] <small>Martinov</small>
* [[Alismatales]] <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Araceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Tofieldiaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Alismataceae]] <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Butomaceae]] <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Hydrocharitaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Scheuchzeriaceae]] <small>F.Rudolphi, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Aponogetonaceae]] <small>Planch., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Juncaginaceae]] <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small> *
** [[Maundiaceae]] <small>Nakai</small> *
** [[Zosteraceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Potamogetonaceae]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons</small>
** [[Posidoniaceae]] <small>Vines, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ruppiaceae]] <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cymodoceaceae]] <small>Vines, nom. cons.</small>
* [[Petrosaviales]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Petrosaviaceae]] <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Dioscoreales]] <small>Mart.</small>
** [[Nartheciaceae]] <small>Fr. ex Bjurzon</small>
** [[Burmanniaceae]] <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small> (tidak monofiletik.)
** [[Dioscoreaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Pandanales]] <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Triuridaceae]] <small>Gardner, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Velloziaceae]] <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Stemonaceae]] <small>Caruel, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cyclanthaceae]] <small>Poit. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Pandanaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Liliales]] <small>Perleb</small>
** [[Campynemataceae]] <small>Dumort.</small>
** [[Corsiaceae]] <small>[[Odoardo Beccari|Becc.]], nom. cons.</small>
** [[Melanthiaceae]] <small>Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Petermanniaceae]] <small>Hutch, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Alstroemeriaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Colchicaceae]] <small>DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Philesiaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ripogonaceae]] <small>Conran & Clifford</small>
** [[Smilacaceae]] <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Liliaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Asparagales]] <small>Link</small>
** [[Orchidaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Boryaceae]] <small>M.W.Chase et al.</small>
** [[Blandfordiaceae]] <small>R.Dahlgren & Clifford</small>
** [[Asteliaceae]] <small>Dumort.</small>
** [[Lanariaceae]] <small>H.Huber ex R.Dahlgren</small>
** [[Hypoxidaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Doryanthaceae]] <small>R.Dahlgren & Clifford</small>
** [[Ixioliriaceae]] <small>Nakai</small> (sebagai '''Ixiolirionaceae''', ejaannya diperbaiki)
** [[Tecophilaeaceae]] <small>Leyb., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Iridaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Xeronemataceae]] <small>M.W.Chase et al.</small>
** [[Asphodelaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons. prop.</small> (termasuk Xanthorrhoeaceae <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>)
** [[Amaryllidaceae]] <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Asparagaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Arecales]] <small>Bromhead</small>
** [[Dasypogonaceae]] <small>Dumort.</small>
** [[Arecaceae]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small> (='''Palmae''' <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)
* [[Commelinales]] <small>Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Hanguanaceae]] <small>Airy Shaw</small>
** [[Commelinaceae]] <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Philydraceae]] <small>Link, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Pontederiaceae]] <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Haemodoraceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Zingiberales]] <small>Griseb.</small>
** [[Strelitziaceae]] <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lowiaceae]] <small>Ridl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Heliconiaceae]] <small>Vines</small>
** [[Musaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cannaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Marantaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Costaceae]] <small>Nakai</small>
** [[Zingiberaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small>
* [[Poales]] <small>Small</small>
** [[Typhaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Bromeliaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Rapateaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Xyridaceae]] <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Eriocaulaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Mayacaceae]] <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Thurniaceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Juncaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cyperaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Restionaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> * (termasuk Anarthriaceae <small>D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw</small>, Centrolepidaceae <small>Endl., nom. cons.</small>)
** [[Flagellariaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Joinvilleaceae]] <small>Toml. & A.C.Sm.</small>
** [[Ecdeiocoleaceae]] <small>D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw</small>
** [[Poaceae]] <small>Barnhart, nom. cons.</small> (= '''Gramineae''' <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)
===Kemungkinan saudara dari eudicotyl===
* [[Ceratophyllales]] <small>Link</small>
** [[Ceratophyllaceae]] <small>Gray, nom. cons.</small>
===[[Eudikotil|Eudicotyl]]===
* [[Ranunculales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Eupteleaceae]] <small>K.Wilh., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Papaveraceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Circaeasteraceae]] <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lardizabalaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Menispermaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Berberidaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ranunculaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Proteales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Sabiaceae]] <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Nelumbonaceae]] <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Platanaceae]] <small>T.Lestib., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Proteaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Trochodendrales]] <small>Takht. ex Cronq.</small>
** [[Trochodendraceae]] <small>Eichler, nom. cons.</small>
* [[Buxales]] <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
** [[Buxaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small> * (termasuk Haptanthaceae <small>C.Nelson</small>)
===[[Core eudicotyl]]===
* [[Gunnerales]] <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
** [[Myrothamnaceae]] <small>Nied., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Gunneraceae]] <small>[[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]], nom. cons.</small>
* [[Dilleniales]] <small>DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> +
** [[Dilleniaceae]] <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small>
===[[Superrosidae]]===
* [[Saxifragales]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Peridiscaceae]] <small>Kuhlm., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Paeoniaceae]] <small>Raf., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Altingiaceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Hamamelidaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cercidiphyllaceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Daphniphyllaceae]] <small>Müll.Arg., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Iteaceae]] <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Grossulariaceae]] <small>DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Saxifragaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Crassulaceae]] <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Aphanopetalaceae]] <small>Doweld</small>
** [[Tetracarpaeaceae]] <small>Nakai</small>
** [[Penthoraceae]] <small>Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Haloragaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cynomoriaceae]] <small>Endl. ex Lindl., nom. cons.</small>
====[[Rosidae]]====
* [[Vitales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Vitaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
=====Fabidae=====
* [[Zygophyllales]] <small>Link</small>
** [[Krameriaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Zygophyllaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Fabales]] <small>Bromhead</small>
** [[Quillajaceae]] <small>D.Don</small>
** [[Fabaceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= '''Leguminosae''' <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)
** [[Surianaceae]] <small>Arn., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Polygalaceae]] <small>Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.</small>
* [[Rosales]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Rosaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Barbeyaceae]] <small>Rendle, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Dirachmaceae]] <small>Hutch.</small>
** [[Elaeagnaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Rhamnaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ulmaceae]] <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cannabaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Moraceae]] <small>Gaudich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Urticaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Fagales]] <small>Engl.</small>
** [[Nothofagaceae]] <small>Kuprian.</small>
** [[Fagaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Myricaceae]] <small>Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Juglandaceae]] <small>DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Casuarinaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ticodendraceae]] <small>Gomez-Laur. & L.D.Gomez</small>
** [[Betulaceae]] <small>Gray, nom. cons.</small>
* [[Cucurbitales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Apodanthaceae]] <small>Tiegh. ex Takht.</small> *
** [[Anisophylleaceae]] <small>Ridl.</small>
** [[Corynocarpaceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Coriariaceae]] <small>DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cucurbitaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Tetramelaceae]] <small>Airy Shaw</small>
** [[Datiscaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Begoniaceae]] <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>
{{anchor|COM clade}}
======klad COM; [[Incertae sedis|penempatannya tidak pasti]]======
* [[Celastrales]] <small>Link</small>
** [[Lepidobotryaceae]] <small>J. Leonard, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Celastraceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Oxalidales]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Huaceae]] <small>A.Chev.</small>
** [[Connaraceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Oxalidaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cunoniaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Elaeocarpaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cephalotaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Brunelliaceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Malpighiales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Pandaceae]] <small>Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Irvingiaceae]] <small>Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons.</small> * (termasuk Allantospermum <small>Forman</small>)
** [[Ctenolophonaceae]] <small>Exell & Mendonça</small>
** [[Rhizophoraceae]] <small>Pers., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Erythroxylaceae]] <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ochnaceae]] <small>DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Bonnetiaceae]] <small>L.Beauvis. ex Nakai</small>
** [[Clusiaceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= '''Guttiferae''' <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)
** [[Calophyllaceae]] <small>J.Agardh</small>
** [[Podostemaceae]] <small>Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Hypericaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Caryocaraceae]] <small>Voigt, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lophopyxidaceae]] <small>H.Pfeiff.</small>
** [[Putranjivaceae]] <small>Meisn.</small>
** [[Centroplacaceae]] <small>Doweld & Reveal</small>
** [[Elatinaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Malpighiaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Balanopaceae]] <small>Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Trigoniaceae]] <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Dichapetalaceae]] <small>Baill., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Euphroniaceae]] <small>Marc.-Berti</small>
** [[Chrysobalanaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Humiriaceae]] <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Achariaceae]] <small>Harms, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Violaceae]] <small>Batsch, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Goupiaceae]] <small>Miers</small>
** [[Passifloraceae]] <small>Juss. ex Roussel, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lacistemataceae]] <small>Mart., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Salicaceae]] <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Peraceae]] <small>Klotzsch</small> *
** [[Rafflesiaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Euphorbiaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> *
** [[Linaceae]] <small>DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ixonanthaceae]] <small>Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons.</small> *
** [[Picrodendraceae]] <small>Small, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Phyllanthaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small>
=====Malvidae=====
* [[Geraniales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Geraniaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Francoaceae]] <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (termasuk Bersamaceae <small>Doweld</small>, Greyiaceae <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small>, Ledocarpaceae <small>Meyen</small>, Melianthaceae <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small>, Rhynchothecaceae <small>A.Juss.</small>, Vivianiaceae <small>Klotzsch, nom. cons.</small>)
* [[Myrtales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Combretaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lythraceae]] <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Onagraceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Vochysiaceae]] <small>A.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Myrtaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Melastomataceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Crypteroniaceae]] <small>A.DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Alzateaceae]] <small>S.A.Graham</small>
** [[Penaeaceae]] <small>Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Crossosomatales]] <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
** [[Aphloiaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Geissolomataceae]] <small>A.DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Strasburgeriaceae]] <small>Tiegh., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Staphyleaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Guamatelaceae]] <small>S.H.Oh & D.Potter</small>
** [[Stachyuraceae]] <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Crossosomataceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Picramniales]] <small>Doweld</small>
** [[Picramniaceae]] <small>Fernando & Quinn</small>
* [[Huerteales]] <small>Doweld</small>
** [[Gerrardinaceae]] <small>M.H.Alford</small>
** [[Petenaeaceae]] <small>Christenh. et al.</small> *
** [[Tapisciaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Dipentodontaceae]] <small>Merr., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Sapindales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Biebersteiniaceae]] <small>Schnizl.</small>
** [[Nitrariaceae]] <small>Lindl.</small>
** [[Kirkiaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Burseraceae]] <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Anacardiaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Sapindaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> (termasuk Xanthocerataceae <small>Buerki et al.</small>, sebagai 'Xanthoceraceae')
** [[Rutaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Simaroubaceae]] <small>DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Meliaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Malvales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Cytinaceae]] <small>A.Rich.</small>
** [[Muntingiaceae]] <small>C.Bayer et al.</small>
** [[Neuradaceae]] <small>Kostel., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Malvaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Sphaerosepalaceae]] <small>Bullock</small>
** [[Thymelaeaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Bixaceae]] <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cistaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (termasuk ''Pakaraimaea'' <small>Maguire & P.S.Ashton</small>)
** [[Sarcolaenaceae]] <small>Caruel, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Dipterocarpaceae]] <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small> *
* [[Brassicales]] <small>Bromhead</small>
** [[Akaniaceae]] <small>Stapf, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Tropaeolaceae]] <small>Juss. ex DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Moringaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Caricaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Limnanthaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Setchellanthaceae]] <small>Iltis</small>
** [[Koeberliniaceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Bataceae]] <small>Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Salvadoraceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Emblingiaceae]] <small>Airy Shaw</small>
** [[Tovariaceae]] <small>Pax, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Pentadiplandraceae]] <small>Hutch. & Dalziel</small>
** [[Gyrostemonaceae]] <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Resedaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small> * (termasuk Borthwickiaceae <small>J.X.Su et al.</small>, Stixidaceae <small>Doweld</small> sebagai 'Stixaceae', ''Forchhammeria'' <small>Liebm.</small>)
** [[Capparaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> *
** [[Cleomaceae]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Brassicaceae]] <small>Burnett, nom. cons.</small> (= '''Cruciferae''' <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)
===[[Superasterids|Superasteridae]]===
* [[Berberidopsidales]] <small>Doweld</small>
** [[Aextoxicaceae]] <small>Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Berberidopsidaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
* [[Santalales]] <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Olacaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> (tidak [[Monofili|monofiletik]]; termasuk Aptandraceae <small>Miers</small>, Coulaceae <small>Tiegh.</small>, Erythropalaceae <small>Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons.</small>, Octoknemaceae <small>Soler. nom. cons.</small>, Strombosiaceae <small>Tiegh.</small>, Ximeniaceae <small>Horan.</small>)
** [[Opiliaceae]] <small>Valeton, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Balanophoraceae]] <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Santalaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> (tidak monofiletik jika Balanophoraceae tertanam; termasuk Amphorogynaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Cervantesiaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Comandraceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Nanodeaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Thesiaceae <small>Vest</small>, Viscaceae <small>Batsch</small>)
** [[Misodendraceae]] <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Schoepfiaceae]] <small>Blume</small>
** [[Loranthaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Caryophyllales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Frankeniaceae]] <small>Desv., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Tamaricaceae]] <small>Link, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Plumbaginaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Polygonaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Droseraceae]] <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Nepenthaceae]] <small>Dumort, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Drosophyllaceae]] <small>Chrtek et al.</small>
** [[Dioncophyllaceae]] <small>Airy Shaw, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ancistrocladaceae]] <small>Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Rhabdodendraceae]] <small>Prance</small>
** [[Simmondsiaceae]] <small>Tiegh.</small>
** [[Physenaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Asteropeiaceae]] <small>Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland</small>
** [[Macarthuriaceae]] <small>Christenh.</small> *
** [[Microteaceae]] <small>Schäferhoff & Borsch</small> *
** [[Caryophyllaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Achatocarpaceae]] <small>Heimerl, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Amaranthaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Stegnospermataceae]] <small>Nakai</small>
** [[Limeaceae]] <small>Shipunov ex Reveal</small> *
** [[Lophiocarpaceae]] <small>Doweld & Reveal</small>
** [[Kewaceae]] <small>Christenh.</small> *
** [[Barbeuiaceae]] <small>Nakai</small>
** [[Gisekiaceae]] <small>Nakai</small>
** [[Aizoaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Phytolaccaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> *
** [[Petiveriaceae]] <small>C.Agardh</small> * (termasuk Rivinaceae <small>C.Agardh</small>)
** [[Sarcobataceae]] <small>Behnke</small>
** [[Nyctaginaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Molluginaceae]] <small>Bartl., nom. cons.</small> *
** [[Montiaceae]] <small>Raf.</small>
** [[Didiereaceae]] <small>Radlk., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Basellaceae]] <small>Raf., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Halophytaceae]] <small>S.Soriano</small>
** [[Talinaceae]] <small>Doweld</small>
** [[Portulacaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Anacampserotaceae]] <small>Eggli & Nyffeler</small>
** [[Cactaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
====[[Asteridae]]====
* [[Cornales]] <small>Link</small>
** [[Nyssaceae]] <small>Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Hydrostachyaceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Hydrangeaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Loasaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Curtisiaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Grubbiaceae]] <small>Endl. ex Meisn., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cornaceae]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small>
* [[Ericales]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Balsaminaceae]] <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Marcgraviaceae]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Tetrameristaceae]] <small>Hutch.</small>
** [[Fouquieriaceae]] <small>DC., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Polemoniaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lecythidaceae]] <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Sladeniaceae]] <small>Airy Shaw</small>
** [[Pentaphylacaceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Sapotaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ebenaceae]] <small>Gürke, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Primulaceae]] <small>Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Theaceae]] <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Symplocaceae]] <small>Desf., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Diapensiaceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Styracaceae]] <small>DC. & Spreng., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Sarraceniaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Roridulaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Actinidiaceae]] <small>Gilg & Werderm., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Clethraceae]] <small>Klotzsch, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Cyrillaceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Ericaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Mitrastemonaceae]] <small>Makino, nom. cons.</small> (penempatannya dalam urutan yang tidak jelas)
=====Lamiidae=====
* [[Icacinales]] <small>Tiegh.</small> +
** [[Oncothecaceae]] <small>Kobuski ex Airy Shaw</small>
** [[Icacinaceae]] <small>Miers, nom. cons.</small> *
* [[Metteniusales]] <small>Takht.</small> +
** [[Metteniusaceae]] <small>H.Karst. ex Schnizl.</small> *
* [[Garryales]] <small>Mart.</small>
** [[Eucommiaceae]] <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Garryaceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Gentianales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Rubiaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Gentianaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Loganiaceae]] <small>R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Gelsemiaceae]] <small>L.Struwe & V.A.Albert</small> * (termasuk Pteleocarpaceae <small>Brummitt</small>)
** [[Apocynaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Boraginales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> +
** [[Boraginaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> (termasuk Codonaceae <small>Weigend & Hilger</small>)
* [[Vahliales]] <small>Doweld</small> +
** [[Vahliaceae]] <small>Dandy</small>
* [[Solanales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Convolvulaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Solanaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Montiniaceae]] <small>Nakai, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Sphenocleaceae]] <small>T.Baskerv., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Hydroleaceae]] <small>R.Br.</small>
* [[Lamiales]] <small>Bromhead</small>
** [[Plocospermataceae]] <small>Hutch.</small>
** [[Carlemanniaceae]] <small>Airy Shaw</small>
** [[Oleaceae]] <small>Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Tetrachondraceae]] <small>Wettst.</small>
** [[Calceolariaceae]] <small>Olmstead</small>
** [[Gesneriaceae]] <small>Rich. & Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (posisi ''Peltanthera'' <small>Benth.</small> bermasalah dan di sini dianggap tidak sesuai dengan keluarga)
** [[Plantaginaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Scrophulariaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Stilbaceae]] <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Linderniaceae]] <small>Borsch et al.</small>
** [[Byblidaceae]] <small>Domin, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Martyniaceae]] <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Pedaliaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Acanthaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Bignoniaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lentibulariaceae]] <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Schlegeliaceae]] <small>Reveal</small>
** [[Thomandersiaceae]] <small>Sreem.</small>
** [[Verbenaceae]] <small>J.St.Hil., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Lamiaceae]] <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small> (= '''Labiatae''' <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)
** [[Mazaceae]] <small>Reveal</small>
** [[Phrymaceae]] <small>Schauer, nom. cons.</small> *
** [[Paulowniaceae]] <small>Nakai</small>
** [[Orobanchaceae]] <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small> * (termasuk Lindenbergiaceae <small>Doweld</small>, Rehmanniaceae <small>Reveal</small>)
=====Campanulidae=====
* [[Aquifoliales]] <small>Senft</small>
** [[Stemonuraceae]] <small>Kårehed</small>
** [[Cardiopteridaceae]] <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Phyllonomaceae]] <small>Small</small>
** [[Helwingiaceae]] <small>Decne.</small>
** [[Aquifoliaceae]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small>
* [[Asterales]] <small>Link</small>
** [[Rousseaceae]] <small>DC.</small>
** [[Campanulaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Pentaphragmataceae]] <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Stylidiaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Alseuosmiaceae]] <small>Airy Shaw</small>
** [[Phellinaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Argophyllaceae]] <small>Takht.</small>
** [[Menyanthaceae]] <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Goodeniaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Calyceraceae]] <small>R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Asteraceae]] <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small> (= '''Compositae''' <small>Giseke, nom. cons.</small>)
* [[Escalloniales]] <small>Link</small>
** [[Escalloniaceae]] <small>R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Bruniales]] <small>Dumort.</small>
** [[Columelliaceae]] <small>D.Don, nom. cons.</small>
** [[Bruniaceae]] <small>R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Paracryphiales]] <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
** [[Paracryphiaceae]] <small>Airy Shaw</small>
* [[Dipsacales]] <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
** [[Adoxaceae]] <small>E.Mey., nom. cons.</small> (= '''Viburnaceae''' <small>Raf., nom. cons. prop.</small>)
** [[Caprifoliaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
* [[Apiales]] <small>Nakai</small>
** [[Pennantiaceae]] <small>J.Agardh</small>
** [[Torricelliaceae]] <small>Hu</small>
** [[Griseliniaceae]] <small>Takht., nom. cons. prop.</small>
** [[Pittosporaceae]] <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Araliaceae]] <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>
** [[Myodocarpaceae]] <small>Doweld</small>
** [[Apiaceae]] <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= '''Umbelliferae''' <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)
== Filogeni ==
== Referensi ==
| |||
