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{{Hong Kong infobox}}
'''Hong Kong''' ({{zh|c=香港}}, {{small|[[Bahasa Kanton|Kanton]]:}} {{IPA-yue|hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ||Yue-heung1gong2.ogg}}); resminya '''Provinsi Otonomi Khusus Hong Kong''') adalah sebuah provinsi otonomswatantra yang terletak di bagian tenggara [[Tiongkok]] di [[estuari]] [[Sungai Mutiara (Tiongkok)|Sungai Mutiara]].<ref name="censtatd">{{cite web
|url=http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_810/geog.pdf
|title=Geography and Climate, Hong Kong
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614093858/http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_810/geog.pdf
|dead-url=no
}}</ref> Hong Kong terkenal dengan perkembangannya yang ekspansifpesat, pelabuhan laut dalam alami, dan kepadatan penduduk yang sangat tinggi (sekitar 7 juta jiwa pada lahan seluas {{convert|1104|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ash|first=Russell|authorlink=Russell Ash|title=The Top 10 of Everything 2007|url=https://archive.org/details/top10ofeverythin0000ashr_u2s3|publisher=[[Hamlyn (publishers)|Hamlyn]]
|isbn=0-600-61532-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/top10ofeverythin0000ashr_u2s3/page/78 78]|year=2006 }}</ref> PopulasiPenduduk Hong Kong saat ini terdiri dari 93.6% etnis Tionghoa.<ref name="census1">{{Cite report|date=February 2012|title=2011 Population Census – Summary Results|url=http://www.census2011.gov.hk/pdf/summary-results.pdf|publisher=[[Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)|Census and Statistics Department]]|accessdate=5 September 2013|format=PDF|archive-date=2019-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021224429/https://www.census2011.gov.hk/pdf/summary-results.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sebagian besar dari penduduk Hong Kong yang berbahasa Kanton berasal dari Provinsi [[Guangdong]],<ref name="cicred">{{cite journal|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c21.pdf|last=Fan Shuh Ching|title=The Population of Hong Kong|work=World Population Year|publisher=[[Cicred|Committee for International Coordination of National Research in Demography]]|year=1974|pages=18–20|accessdate=25 August 2010|archive-date=2019-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024134938/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c21.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> di mana penduduk dengan keterampilan melarikan diri ketika pemerintah [[Komunis]] mengontrolmenguasai Tiongkok tahun 1949.<ref>Second paragraph reads, "The first wave of refugees came to Hong Kong in the 1930s to escape from the Chinese Civil War and the Sino-Japanese War, but it wasn't until 1949, during the Chinese exodus, when an estimated one million-plus mainland Chinese started coming into the city via the northern borders. Many people, mostly anti-communist Kuomintang officials and capitalists, rushed to Hong Kong in search of refuge." {{cite web |last = |first = |title =A history of refugees in Hong Kong |work = |publisher =Time Out Hong Kong – Know your City |date =18 June 2013 |url =http://www.timeout.com.hk/feature-stories/features/59040/a-history-of-refugees-in-hong-kong.html |doi = |accessdate =9 September 2013 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20130810121844/http://www.timeout.com.hk/feature-stories/features/59040/a-history-of-refugees-in-hong-kong.html |archivedate =2013-08-10 |dead-url =yes }}</ref><ref>Page 16, "The turmoil on the mainland, leading to the defeat of the Nationalists and takeover by the Communists in 1949, unleashed a torrent of refugees – both rich and poor -into Hong Kong."{{cite book|last =|first =|authorlink =|title = Hong Kong: Facts about Hong Kong -History|publisher = [[Lonely Planet]]|series =|volume =|edition =10th|year =2002|location = Hong Kong|page = [https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanethong00unse/page/16 16]|url =https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanethong00unse|doi =|id =|isbn =1864502304|mr =|zbl =|jfm = }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Veterans who fled mainland for Hong Kong in 1970s tell their stories|newspaper = [[South China Morning Post]]|location = Hong Kong|pages = |publisher = |url = http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1120852/veterans-who-fled-mainland-hong-kong-1970s-tell-their-stories|accessdate = 9 September 2013|archive-date = 2013-10-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131016112218/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1120852/veterans-who-fled-mainland-hong-kong-1970s-tell-their-stories|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last = Carroll|first = John|authorlink =|title =A Concise History of Hong Kong|publisher = Rowman &amp; Littlefield|series =|volume =|edition =|year =2007|location =|page = [https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000carr/page/127 127]|url =https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000carr|doi =|id =|isbn =978-0742534223|mr =|zbl =|jfm = }}</ref>
 
Setelah kekalahan Tiongkok di [[Perang Opium Pertama]] (1839–42) dari [[Kerajaan Inggris]], Hong Kong menjadi kolonijajahan Inggris dengan diserahkannya [[Pulau Hong Kong]], kemudian diikuti [[Semenanjung Kowloon]] tahun 1860 dan penyewaan 99 tahun [[Wilayah Baru|New Territories]] tahun 1898. Setelah [[Pendudukan Jepang di Hong Kong|diduduki oleh Jepang]] selama [[Perang Dunia II]] (1941–45), Inggris kembali mengontrolmenguasai Hong Kong hingga 30 Juni 1997. Sebagai hasil dari negosiasiperundingan antara Tiongkok dan Inggris, Hong Kong diserahkan ke [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] melalui [[Deklarasi Bersama Tiongkok-Britania]] tahun 1984. Kota ini menjadi [[Daerah Administratif Khusus]] pertama di Tiongkok melalui asas "[[Satu Negara Dua Sistem|satu negara, dua sistem]]".<ref name="BasicLawC4S4">{{cite web|url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_4.html#section_4|title=Basic Law, Chapter IV, Section 4|publisher=Basic Law Promotion Steering Committee|accessdate=10 November 2009|archive-date=2015-01-27|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VtI2zRGN?url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_4.html#section_4|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="RusellP">{{cite book|last=Russell|first=Peter H.|first2=David M.|last2=O'Brien|title=Judicial Independence in the Age of Democracy: Critical Perspectives from around the World|year=2001|publisher=[[University of Virginia Press]]|isbn=978-0-8139-2016-0|page=306}}</ref>
 
Di akhir 1970-an, Hong Kong berkembang menjadi penghubung perdagangan utama dan [[pusat keuangan]] dunia, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu [[kota global]]. Kota ini menempati posisiurutan kelima pada Indeks Kota Global 2014 setelah [[New York City]], [[London]], [[Tokyo]] dan [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/4461492/Global+Cities+Present+and+Future-GCI+2014.pdf/3628fd7d-70be-41bf-99d6-4c8eaf984cd5 |title=2014 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook |format=PDF |accessdate=April 2014 |archive-date=2014-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925060106/http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/4461492/global+cities+present+and+future-gci+2014.pdf/3628fd7d-70be-41bf-99d6-4c8eaf984cd5 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Kota ini memiliki pendapatan per kapita yang tinggi dan mengalami ketimpangan ekonomi yang parah.<ref name="imf2"/> Kota ini juga memiliki [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]] yang tinggi.<ref name="GCI">{{cite web|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/CSI/2012-13/GCR_Rankings_2012-13.pdf|title=Global Competitiveness Index 2012–2013|year=2012|accessdate=8 June 2013|archive-date=2019-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325005948/http://www3.weforum.org/docs/CSI/2012-13/GCR_Rankings_2012-13.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hong Kong adalah pusat keuangan ketiga terpenting setelah New York dan London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI16_22September2014.pdf|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 16|date=September 2014|accessdate=December 10, 2014|publisher=Long Finance|archive-date=2015-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903230616/http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI16_22September2014.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ekonomi berbasis jasa, dicirikan dengan pajak rendah dan perdagangan bebas, dan mata uang negara ini ([[Dolar Hong Kong]]) adalah mata uang paling banyak diperdagangkan kedelapan di dunia.<ref name="bis.org">{{cite journal|url=http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfxf10t.pdf|title=Triennial Central Bank Survey: Report on global foreign exchange market activity in 2010|date=December 2010|work=Monetary and Economic Department|page=12|publisher=[[Bank for International Settlements]]|accessdate=15 October 2011|archive-date=2011-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027080843/http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfxf10t.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Keterbatasan lahan menjadikan infrastrukturnya padat dengan arsitektur modern, menjadikan Hong Kong sebagai kota paling vertikal di dunia.<ref name="timeout"/><ref name="skyscraper"/> Hong Kong memiliki jaringan [[Transportasi di Hong Kong|transportasiangkutan umum]] yang sangat baik, dan 90% penduduk menggunakan transportasiangkutan massalumum, baik kereta maupun bus.<ref name="TD"/><ref name="pubtransport"/>
 
== Sejarah ==