Pemutihan karang: Perbedaan antara revisi

Pemutihan karang bisa terjadi karena berbagai faktor. Akibat dari meningkatnya konsentrasi [[karbon dioksida]], karang bisa saja menjadi lebih jarang ditemukan di sistem terumbu karang.<ref name="Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, et al. 2007 1737–42">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, Steneck RS, Greenfield P, Gomez E, Harvell CD, Sale PF, Edwards AJ, Caldeira K, Knowlton N, Eakin CM, Iglesias-Prieto R, Muthiga N, Bradbury RH, Dubi A, Hatziolos ME |display-authors=6 |title=Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification |journal=Science |volume=318 |issue=5857 |pages=1737–42 |date=December 2007 |pmid=18079392 |doi=10.1126/science.1152509 |bibcode=2007Sci...318.1737H |citeseerx=10.1.1.702.1733 |s2cid=12607336 }}</ref> Terumbu karang yang berada di perairan dangkal, suhu hangat, dan aliran air pelan lebih mudah terdampak dibandingkan dengan terumbu karang yang berada di kawasan dengan aliran air deras.<ref name="Baker">{{Cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=Andrew |last2=Glynn |first2=Peter |last3=Riegl |first3=Bernhard |name-list-style=vanc |year=2008 |title=Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook |journal=[[Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science]] |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=435–471 |bibcode=2008ECSS...80..435B |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2008.09.003}}</ref>

 

* Meningkatnya suhu air (sering terjadi akibat [[pemanasan global]]), atau menurunnya suhu air<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Reef 'at risk in climate change' |publisher=The University of Queensland |date=6 April 2007 |url=https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2007/04/reef-risk-climate-change |access-date=2 August 2016 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913172127/https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2007/04/reef-risk-climate-change |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=KAnthony>Anthony, K. 2007; Berkelmans</ref><ref name=TSaxby2003>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Saxby T, Dennison WC, Hoegh-Guldberg O |title=Photosynthetic responses of the coral Montipora digitata to cold temperature stress |doi=10.3354/meps248085 |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=248 |pages=85–97 |year=2003 |bibcode=2003MEPS..248...85S |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Marimuthu N, Jerald Wilson J, Vinithkumar NV, Kirubagaran R |title=Coral reef recovery status in south Andaman Islands after the bleaching event 2010 |journal=Journal of Ocean University of China |date=9 November 2012 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=91–96 |doi=10.1007/s11802-013-2014-2 |bibcode=2013JOUC...12...91M |s2cid=89531419 }}</ref>

* Meningkatnya [[Penyinaran surya|sinar matahari]] (radiasi sinar matahari dan [[sinar ultraviolet]])