Minoksidil: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''Minoxidil''' adalah [[Medikasi|obat]] yang diindikasikan untuk [[tekanan darah tinggi]] dan kebotakan pada pria dan wanita.<ref name="AHFS2020Oral">{{Cite web|title=Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=AHFS|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116092548/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html|archive-date=16 November 2018|access-date=5 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AHFS2020Top">{{Cite web|title=Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=AHFS|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223140/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Minoksidil hanya diresepkan pada pasien tekanan darah tinggi yang parah dan tidak dapat dikendalikan dengan [[diuretik]] dan [[penyekat beta]].<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|date=March 2020|title=BNF 79|location=London|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=978-0857113658|page=186}}</ref> Minoksidil dapat diminum untuk mengobati tekanan darah tinggi, sementara pada kebotakan, minoksidil dioleskan pada kulit kepala.<ref name="BNF79">{{cite book |title=BNF 79 |date=March 2020 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |location=London |isbn=978-0857113658 |page=186}}</ref><ref name="AHFS2020Top">{{cite web |title=Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |accessdate=5 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223140/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Efek samping yang umum terjadi saat pengobatan tekanan darah tinggi antara lain edema, [[efusi perikardium]], tumbuhnya bulu rambut, dan mual.<ref name="AHFS2020Oral">{{Cite web|title=Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals|url=https:<//www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=AHFS|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116092548/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html|archive-date=16 November 2018|access-date=5 October 2020|url-status=live}}ref><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html "Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals"]. </cite></ref> Efek samping yang jarang terjadi antara lain leukopenia, [[sindrom Stevens-Johnson]], dan [[Angina pektoris|angina]].<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|date=March 2020|title=BNF 79|location=London|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=978-0857113658|page=186}}</ref><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">''BNF 79''. </cite></ref> Efek samping yang umum terjadi saat pengobatan kebotakan antara lain gatal dan iritasi pada kulit.<ref name="AHFS2020Top">{{Cite web|title=Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=AHFS|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223140/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html "Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals"]. </cite></ref> Obat ini tidak dianjurkan digunakansaat kehamilan dan menyusui karena profil keamanan belum ditelaah lebih lanjut. <ref name="Preg2020">{{Cite web|title=Minoxidil (Loniten) Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/minoxidil.html|website=Drugs.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130021930/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/minoxidil.html|archive-date=30 November 2020|access-date=5 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Minoksidil dapat [[Vasodilasi|melebarkan pembuluh darah]], sehingga dapat menurunkan tekanan darah.<ref name="Katzung2021">{{Cite book|title=Basic and Clinical Pharmacology |edition=15th |date=2020 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=978-1-260-45231-0 |page=183-186 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vGSzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |language=en |chapter=11. Antihypertensive agents |access-date=2021-12-05 |archive-date=2021-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010205018/https://books.google.com/books?id=4vGSzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |url-status=live |last=Benowitz|first=Neal L.|editor-last=Katzung|editor-first=Bertram G.|editor-last2=Trevor|editor-first2=Anthony J.}}</ref> Sementara itu, masih belum diketahui mekanisme kerja minoksidil dalam mengobati kebotakan.<ref name="AHFS2020Top">{{cite web |title=Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |accessdate=5 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223140/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Minoksidil telah digunakan di Amerika Serikat sejak tahun 1979.<ref name="AHFS2020Oral">{{Cite web|title=Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals|url=https:<//www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=AHFS|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116092548/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html|archive-date=16 November 2018|access-date=5 October 2020|url-status=live}}ref><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html "Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals"]. </cite></ref> Di Indonesia, penggunaan obat ini harus diresepkan dari dokter baik untuk pengobatan hipertensi maupun kebotakan.
 
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