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Eskalasi [[konflik Israel–Palestina]] dimulai pada tahun 2014 setelah terjadi serangkaian peristiwa.<ref name=bg/> Peristiwa-peristiwa ini mencakup berlanjutnya [[pemblokiran Jalur Gaza]] oleh pemerintah Mesir dan Israel, berlanjutnya [[serangna roket Palestina ke Israel|serangan roket dari Gaza]], gagalnya diskusi perdamaian yang disponsori Amerika Serikat, upaya pembentukan pemerintahan koalisi oleh faksi-faksi bersaing di Palestina, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan remaja Israel 2014|penculikan dan pembunuhan tiga remaja Israel]], [[penculikan dan pembunuhan Mohammed Abu Khdeir|penculikan dan pembunuhan seorang remaja Palestina]], penangkapan hampir seluruh pemimpin [[Hamas]] di [[Tepi Barat]] oleh Israel, dan meningkatnya serangan roket ke Israel setelah perjanjian pencabutan blokade Gaza secara bertahap tidak dipenuhi karena Hamas melanggar kesepakatan gencatan senjata sebelumnya.<ref name=bg>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/israel-steps-up-offensive-against-hamas-in-gaza.html?_r=0|title=Israel and Hamas Trade Attacks as Tension Rises|work=The New York Times|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="economist-two-big"/><ref name="nathanthrall">[[Nathan Thrall]], [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n16/nathan-thrall/hamass-chances 'Hamas’s Chances.'] [[London Review of Books]] Vol. 36 No 16 • 21 August 2014 (1 August) pp. 10–12</ref><ref name="jpost2">{{cite news|date=16 June 2014|title=Watch: West Bank Hamas leadership in Israeli custody|url=http://www.jpost.com/Pillar-of-Defense/Entire-Hamas-leadership-in-West-Bank-in-Israeli-custody-some-may-be-deported-359462|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Pada malam tanggal 6 Juli, serangan udara Israel di Gaza menewaskan tujuh mlitan Hamas,<ref name="Rabbani">[[Mouin Rabbani]], [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n15/mouin-rabbani/israel-mows-the-lawn 'Israel mows the lawn'], ''[[London Review of Books]]'' Vol. 36 No 15, 31 July 2014, p. 8.</ref> sementara Hamas meningkatkan serangan roketnya ke Israel<ref name="economist-two-big">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21607895-hamas-wants-two-big-concessions-it-may-not-get-them-why-hamas-fires-those-rockets|title=Conditions for a ceasefire: Why Hamas fires those rockets|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=22 July 2014}}"After the last big Israeli effort to stop the rockets, in November 2012, it was agreed that, along with a ceasefire, the blockade of Gaza would gradually be lifted and the crossings into Egypt and Israel would be opened. The ceasefire generally held, but the siege continued."</ref> dan menyatakan bahwa "seluruh warga Israel" merupakan "target yang sah".<ref name="all-israelis-targets">"[http://gulftoday.ae/portal/5b9bc7fd-ecee-4c5e-9b38-56fca9e87cdb.aspx Hamas says all Israelis will be targeted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725181220/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/5b9bc7fd-ecee-4c5e-9b38-56fca9e87cdb.aspx |date=2014-07-25 }}". ''[[The Gulf Today]]'', 9 July 2014; retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref><ref name="Abu Toameh K">Abu Toameh, Khaled. [http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Hamas-All-Israelis-now-targets-for-missile-attacks-361965 "Hamas: All Israelis now targets for missile attacks"], ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', 8 July 2014; retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref> Pada tanggal 8 Juli 2014, Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (IDF) melancarkan '''Operasi Perlindungan Tepi''' ({{lang-en|Operation Protective Edge}}) di [[Jalur Gaza]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/idfs-operation-protective-edge-begins-against-gaza/2014/07/08|title=IDF's Operation "Protective Edge" Begins Against Gaza|publisher=Jewish Press|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>
 
Tanggal 13 Juli, militer Israel melaporkan bahwa lebih dari 1.300 [[serangan udara]] Israel telah dilancarkan ke Gaza, sementara lebih dari 800 roket telah ditembakkan dari Gaza ke Israel.<ref name="voa_thousands_flee">[http://www.voanews.com/content/israel-makes-first-ground-incursion-in-gaza/1956454.html "Thousands Flee Gaza Homes Under Israel Threat"], Voice of America, 13 July 2014; accessed 22 July 2014.</ref> Keesokan harinya, tanggal 14 Juli, Mesir mengumumkan inisiatif [[gencatan senjata]]. Pemerintah Israel menerima usulan ini dan menghentikan serangan untuk sementara pada pagi 15 Juli. Akan tetapi, semua faksi Palestina, termasuk Presiden Palestina Abbas, mengumumkan bahwa mereka tidak diberitahu soal inisiatif Mesir ini dan baru mengetahuinya lewat media.<ref name="pflp">{{Cite web |url=http://pflp.ps/english/2014/07/15/pflp-proposal-for-calm-seeks-new-chains-on-the-resistance/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2014-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724141904/http://pflp.ps/english/2014/07/15/pflp-proposal-for-calm-seeks-new-chains-on-the-resistance/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Hamas beserta faksi Palestina lainnya menolak "versi [perjanjian] yang sekarang."<ref name="pflp" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/israel-temporarily-halt-fire-gaza-strip-201471620212427540.html|title=Israel and Hamas to observe brief Gaza truce|publisher=Aljazeera.com|accessdate=22 July 2014}}</ref> Pada tanggal 16 Juli, Hamas dan [[Gerakan Jihad Islam di Palestina|Jihad Islam]] menawarkan [[gencatan senjata]] selama 10 tahun kepada Israel dengan sepuluh syarat, sebagian besar menyinggung soal diakhirinya pemblokiran Jalur Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=713579|title=Report: Hamas, Islamic Jihad offer 10-year truce|publisher=Ma'an News Agency|accessdate=28 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724234716/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=713579|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
Konflik ini merupakan operasi militer paling mematikan yang pernah terjadi di Gaza sejak [[Intifada Kedua]], meskipun jumlah korban tewas dan persentase militan yang tewas masih belum jelas.<ref>Al Jazeera English, [http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014731172852773778 US: 'little doubt' Israel bombed Gaza school] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044251/http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014731172852773778 |date=2014-08-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3035937/gaza-israel-hamas-palestinian-casualties/|title=How Hamas Wields Gaza’s Casualties as Propaganda|publisher=Time Magazine|accessdate=31 July 2014|date=29 July 2014|author=Steven Stotsky}}</ref> Menurut [[Pemerintahan Jalur Gaza|Kementerian Kesehatan Gaza]], 1.880 warga Palestina tewas<ref name="resigns">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Aug-05/266106-uk-minister-resigns-over-government-gaza-policy.ashx#axzz39B6nb6Tv |title=UK minister resigns over government Gaza policy |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2014-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805094038/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Aug-05/266106-uk-minister-resigns-over-government-gaza-policy.ashx#axzz39B6nb6Tv |dead-url=yes }}</ref> and dan 10.000 lainnya cedera.<ref name="investigating"/> Dari jumlah tersebut, 398 di antaranya adalah anak-anak, 207 wanita, dan 74 manula.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2014/08/02/gaza-death-toll-rises-to-1644|title=GAZA'S DEATH TOLL RISES TO 1712|accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> Laporan awal untuk [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] (OCHA) dari Protection Cluster memperkirakan bahwa 1.176 (68%) dari 1.717 korban tewas yang identitasnya sejauh ini sudah dikenali merupakan warga sipil; 573 di antaranya (33% dari total korban tewas) adalah wanita atau anak-anak.<ref name="OCHA"/> Israel bersikukuh bahwa sedikitnya 47% korban tewas di Gaza adalah kombatan.<ref name="47%"/> Di sisi lain, 64 tentara IDF, dua warga sipil Israelbangsa Yahudi, dan seorang pekerja [[bangsa Thai|Thai]] tewas.<ref name="captured"/> Pasukan Pertahanan Israel menyatakan bahwa Hamas menggunakan warga sipil sebagai "[[perisai hidup]]",<ref name="proposes">{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israel-says-its-downed-drone-along-southern-coast|title=Egypt proposes cease-fire between Israel, Hamas|author=Josef Federman and Maggie Michael|work=Associated Press|date=14 July 2014|access-date=2014-08-06|archive-date=2014-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720135721/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israel-says-its-downed-drone-along-southern-coast|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan pada tanggal 17 Juli [[UNRWA]] mengutuk keras kelompok yang menyimpan senjata di salah satu sekolahnya.<ref>[http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-placement-rockets-school UNRWA Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School], UNRWA website, 17 July 2014</ref> Pada 22 Juli, [[Uni Eropa]] mengutuk semua "seruan kepada penduduk sipil Gaza untuk merelakan dirinya sebagai perisai hidup."<ref>[http://ejpress.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49892 EU strongly condemns indiscriminate Hamas rockets on Israel and use of Palestinian population as human shields, ‘terrorist groups in Gaza must disarm’, calls for ‘immediate ceasefire’'], [[European Jewish Press]], 22 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.606703 European Union: Hamas, other Gaza terror groups must disarm], [[Haaretz]], 22 July 2014.</ref> Hamas membantah kabar bahwa pihaknya menggunakan perisai hidup.<ref name="youtube1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TydoLmhMaDo ''Al Jazeera English'' report]; accessed 22 July 2014.</ref> 44% teritori Jalur Gaza ditetapkan sebagai zona kosong (''no-go zone'') oleh militer Israel.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/30/world/middleeast/loss-of-shelter-and-electricity-worsens-a-crisis-for-fleeing-gazans.html New York Times 30 July 2014]</ref>
 
Per 5 Agustus 2014, laporan [[OCHA]] menyatakan bahwa di Jalur Gaza, 520.000 warga Palestina (kurang lebih 30% populasi Gaza) menjadi pengungsi, 273.000 di antaranya mengungsi di 90 sekolah.<ref name="OCHA"/> UNRWA telah mengerahkan segala kemampuannya untuk memfasilitasi para pengungsi, dan kepadatan pengungsi meningkatkan risiko terjadinya wabah.<ref name=OCHA2>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_05_08_2014.pdf |title=Occupied Palestinian Territory: Gaza Emergency |access-date=2014-08-08 |archive-date=2014-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051540/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_05_08_2014.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> 1,5 juta penduduk Gaza terkena dampak terbatasnya dan/atau berkurangnya persediaan air. 26 fasilitas kesehatan rusak,<ref name=OCHA1>{{cite journal |title=Gaza Emergency Situation Report |date=3 August 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]]: Occupied Palestinian Territory |url=http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_04_08_2014.pdf |journal= |archive-date=2014-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806095656/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_04_08_2014.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> 968 rumah (64.650 orang) hancur total atau rusak parah, dan rumah milik 33.100 orang rusak namun masih bisa ditinggali..<ref name=OCHA/> Di seluruh Jalur Gaza, penduduknya hanya mendapat pasokan listrik selama tiga jam per hari. Penghancuran satu-satunya pembangkit listrik di Gaza sangat memengaruhi keadaan kesehatan masyarakat dan mengurangi layanan air dan sanitasi; rumah sakit semakin bergantung pada generator listrik.{{cn|date=August 2014}} Lebih dari 485.000 [[pengungsi dalam negeri]] membutuhkan bantuan pangan darurat.<ref name="OCHA"/> Menanggapi krisis ini, OCHA meminta dana kemanusiaan darurat sebesar $390.338.824 untuk Palestina; 43% di antaranya sudah terpenuhi pada 3 Agustus.<ref>Global Post, 4 August, This is how much money the UN still needs to deliver basic aid to Gaza, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/israel-and-palestine/140804/graphic-humanitarian-aid-to-gaza</ref>
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Pada tanggal 12 Juni 2014, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan remaja Israel|tiga remaja Israel diculik dari Tepi Barat]]: Naftali Fraenkel, Gilad Shaer, dan Eyal Yifrah. Israel menyalahkan [[Hamas]], dan IDF menyatakan bahwa dua pria yang diduga Israel menculik ketiga remaja tersebut diketahui sebagai anggota Hamas.<ref name="CBS 2014 Jun 26">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-ids-2-main-suspects-in-teens-disappearance|title=Israel IDs 2 main suspects in teens disappearance|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Operation Brother's keeper|contribution=In extended version of kidnapped teens call to police, murderers heard singing in celebration|contribution-url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Brothers-Keeper/In-extended-version-of-kidnapped-teens-call-to-police-murderers-heard-singing-in-celebration-361270|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref> Tidak ada bukti keterlibatan Hamas yang diberikan pemerintah Israel<ref name="Islamist_group_blame">Robert Tait. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/10901225/Hamas-kidnapping-Islamist-group-to-blame-for-youths-kidnapping-Benjamin-Netanyahu-says.html "Hamas kidnapping: Islamist group to blame for youths' 'kidnapping', Benjamin Netanyahu says"], ''The Telegraph'', 15 June 2014</ref> dan para petinggi Hamas membantah kelompoknya terlibat dalam insiden ini.<ref name="20140615TOI">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-rounds-up-senior-hamas-men-in-the-west-bank|title=Israel rounds up senior Hamas men in West Bank sweep|date=15 June 2014|work=The Times of Israel|accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref> Otoritas Palestina di Tepi Barat menyalahkan penculikan ini pada [[suku Qawasameh|klan Qawasameh]] yang dikenal suka melawan kebijakan Hamas dan melawan upaya apapun demi mencapai [[wikt:Special:Search/entente|entente]] dengan Israel.<ref>Shlomi Eldar [http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/qawasmeh-clan-hebron-hamas-leadership-mahmoud-abbas.html "Accused kidnappers are actually rogue Hamas branch"], [[Al-Monitor]], 29 June 2014.</ref> Pemimpin politik Hamas Khaled Meshal mengatakan bahwa ia tidak bisa membenarkan atau membantah penculikan ketiga remaja Israel ini, tetapi ia mengucapkan selamat atas aksi para penculik tersebut.<ref name="Haaretz">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.600759#!|title=Hamas chief lauds abductors of Israeli teens, says has no new information|work=Haaretz|accessdate=23 June 2014}}</ref> Tanggal 5 Agustus, Israel menyatakan bahwa pihaknya telah menahan Hossam Kawasmeh pada 11 Juli yang diduga merencanakan pembunuhan tiga remaja Israel. Menurut dokumen pengadilan, Kawasmeh mengaku bahwa anggota Hamas di Gaza mendanai perekrutan dan persenjataan para penculik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/palestinian-suspect-held-over-kidnap-murders-3-israelis-232132557.html|title=Palestinian suspect held over kidnap murders of 3 Israelis: police|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=2014-08-05|accessdate=2014-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|last=Rabinovitch|first=Ari|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/05/us-mideast-gaza-arrests-idUSKBN0G529N20140805|title=Israel says it has arrested suspect in killing of 3 teenagers|publisher=Reuters|date=2014-08-05|accessdate=2014-08-06|archive-date=2014-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806033106/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/05/us-mideast-gaza-arrests-idUSKBN0G529N20140805|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Israel melancarkan [[Operasi Brother's Keeper]], serbuan berskala besar terhadap infrastruktur teroris dan personel Hamas di Tepi Barat<ref name="20140617Algemeiner">{{cite news|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/06/17/idf-seizes-hundreds-of-weapons-in-nablus-as-operation-brother%E2%80%99s-keeper-enters-5th-day-video|title=IDF Seizes Hundreds of Weapons in Nablus, as Operation 'Brother's Keeper' Enters 5th Day|date=17 June 2014|work=[[Algemeiner Journal]]|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> yang awalnya bertujuan membebaskan remaja yang diculik tersebut. 10 warga Palestina tewas dalam beberapa serbuan,<ref name="maannews1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/26/hunt-missing-israeli-boys-recriminations|title=Hunt for missing Israeli boys stirs up familiar recriminations|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/07/03/murder-palestinian-teen-abu-khudeir-condemned|title=Murder of Palestinian teen, Abu Khudeir, condemned|work=[[Daily News Egypt]]|date=3 July 2014}}</ref> dan antara 350 sampai 600 warga Palestina,<ref name="20140615TOI"/><ref name="maannews1">Maan News, http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714820 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730054343/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714820 |date=2014-07-30 }}</ref><ref name="Ahren">{{cite news|first=Raphael|last=Ahren|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/is-israels-operation-to-find-kidnapped-teens-a-war-crime|title=Is Israel's operation to find kidnapped teens a war crime?|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=23 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Zitun">{{cite news|first=Yoav|last=Zitun|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4531266,00.html|title=Operation Bring Back Our Brothers: IDF arrests 200, shift focus to Nablus|publisher=[[Ynetnews]]|date=17 June 2014}}</ref> termasuk hampir seluruh pemimpin Hamas di Tepi Barat,<ref name="jpost2"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/105345/World/Region/Israel-commited-serious-violations-in-West-Bank-op.aspx|title=Israel committed serious violations in West Bank operations: HRW|work=[[Al-Ahram]]|date=3 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/1-wounded-as-israel-arrests-10-palestinians-in-west-bank-114062600717_1.html|title=1 wounded as Israel arrests 10 Palestinians in West Bank|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref> ditangkap.<ref>{{cite news|title=Middle East & Africa: Murder of three kidnapped Israeli youths has set dangerous new spate|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21606288-murder-three-kidnapped-israeli-youths-has-set-dangerous-new-spate|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Yoav|last=Zitun|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4532764,00.html|title=Rescue units rushed to Hebron, searching wells and caves|publisher=Ynetnews.com|date=21 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=John B.|last=Judis|url=http://www.newrepublic.com/article/118630/israel-palestine-murders-cause-criss-will-john-kerry-step|title=John Kerry's First Peace Effort in Israel and Palestine Failed, But Now He Needs to Try Again|newspaper=[[The New Republic]]|date=9 July 2014|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> Di antara mereka yang ditangkap adalah orang-orang yang baru saja dibebaskan melalui proses [[pertukaran tahanan Gilad Shalit]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Crowcroft|first1=Orlando|title=Palestinians freed in 2011 Gilad Shalit prisoner-swap back in custody|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/18/palestinians-freed-2001-gilad-shalit-custody|publisher=The Guardian|date=18 June 2014}}</ref>
 
Tanggal 30 Juni, tim pencari menemukan jasad ketiga remaja yang hilang di dekat Hebron.<ref name="JPOST_Dead">{{cite news|title=Bodies of three kidnapped Israeli teens found in West Bank|url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Brothers-Keeper/Large-number-of-IDF-forces-gather-north-of-Hebron-in-search-for-kidnapped-teens-361048|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4536378,00.html|title=Security forces find missing teens' bodies in West Bank|publisher=[[Ynetnews]]|accessdate=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="bo3ktf">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/bodies-of-three-kidnapped-teens-found|title=Bodies of three kidnapped teens found|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Pemerintah Israel tampaknya sudah mengetahui dengan pasti bahwa ketiga remaja ini langsung ditembak sesaat setelah diculik,<ref>Noam Sheizaf,[http://972mag.com/how-the-public-was-manipulated-into-believing-the-teens-were-alive/92865 "How the public was manipulated into believing the teens were alive"], 972mag.com, 2 July 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war/?p=all|title=How Politics and Lies Triggered an Unintended War in Gaza|newspaper=The Jewish Daily Forward|date=10 July 2014}}</ref> dan wartawan BBC [[Jon Donnison]] mengatakan bahwa juru bicara [[Micky Rosenfeld]] memberitahunya bahwa para penculik merupakan sel terpisah yang berafiliasi dengan Hamas namun tidak beroperasi atas perintah Hamas.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Katie Zavadski|title=It Turns Out Hamas May Not Have Kidnapped and Killed the 3 Israeli Teens After All|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/07/hamas-didnt-kidnap-the-israeli-teens-after-all.html|agency=[[New York (magazine)|New York magazine]]|date=28 Jul, 2014 (updated)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730074250/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/07/hamas-didnt-kidnap-the-israeli-teens-after-all.html|archivedate=30 Jul, 2014|deadurl=no}} "Israeli police spokesman Mickey Rosenfeld also said if kidnapping had been ordered by Hamas leadership, they'd have known about it in advance."</ref> ''[[Al-Monitor]]'' melaporkan bahwa para penculik adalah cabang yang terkait dengan Hamas yang mulai liar sendiri.<ref name="rogue">Shlomi Eldar [http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/qawasmeh-clan-hebron-hamas-leadership-mahmoud-abbas.html "Accused kidnappers are actually rogue Hamas branch"], ''[[Al-Monitor]]'', 29 June 2014.</ref> Sehari setelah jenazah tiga remaja Israel dikuburkan, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan Mohammed Abu Khdeir|seorang remaja Palestina diculik dan dibunuh]].
 
Sejak 1 Mei sampai 11 Juni, 6 roket dan 3 peluru mortar diluncurkan dari Gaza ke Israel.<ref name=list>{{cite web|title=List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel, 2014|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel,_2014|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Tanggal 29 Juni, serangan udara Israel ke awak roket menewaskan seorang militan Hamas. Keesokan harinya, Hamas menanggapi serangan Israel dengan serangkaian roket; ini adalah pertama kalinya Hamas meluncurkan roket sejak konflik tahun 2012.<ref name=Goldberg/> Sejak hari penculikan tanggal 12 Juni sampai 5 Juli, 117 roket diluncurkan dari Gaza<ref name=list/> dan 80 serangan udara Israel dilancarkan ke Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tzuri|first1=Matan|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4532020,00.html|website=www.ynetnews.com|publisher=Ynet|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/29/uk-israel-palestinians-idUKKBN0F40F220140629|website=uk.reuters.com|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=3 August 2014|title=Salinan arsip|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051002/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/29/uk-israel-palestinians-idUKKBN0F40F220140629|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada malam 6 Juli, serangan Israel menewaskan tujuh militan Hamas.<ref name="Rabbani"/> Sebagai tanggapan, militan Hamas meningkatkan jumlah serangan roket ke Israel.<ref name="economist-two-big"/> Pada 7 Juli, militan Hamas telah menembakkan 100 roket dari Gaza ke wilayah Israel dan [[Angkatan Udara Israel]] telah mengebom beberapa target di Gaza.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/7/israel-launched-deadlyairstrikesingaza.html|title=Israel launches military offensive in Gaza|publisher=[[Al-Jazeera]]|date=7 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Noam|last=Sheizaf|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/8/israeli-palestinianclashesupsettingisraelifaithinstatusquo.html|title=Israeli-Palestinian clashes upsetting Israeli faith in status quo|publisher=[[Al-Jazeera]]|date=7 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.603472|type=live updates|date=7 July 2014|title=Rockets bombard south, Hamas claims responsibility|work=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=11 July 2014}}</ref> Pada 8 Juli, IAF mengebom 50 target di Jalur Gaza.<ref>{{Citation|first1=Spencer|last1=Ho|first2=Yifa|last2=Yaakov|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-pounds-dozens-of-gaza-targets-in-major-counteroffensive|title=Israel hits Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) leaders after rockets land north of Tel Aviv|type=blog|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=8 July 2014}}</ref> Militer Israel juga menggagalkan infiltrasi militan dari laut.<ref>{{cite web|last=Horovitz|first=David|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-pounds-dozens-of-gaza-targets-in-major-counteroffensive|title=Israel hits Hamas, Islamic Jihad leaders after rockets land north of Tel Aviv|work=The Times of Israel|date=23 December 2013|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> Brigadir Jenderal Moti Almoz, kepala juru bicara militer Israel, mengatakan "Kami diperintahkan oleh para eselon politik untuk menyerang Hamas dengan keras."<ref name=Goldberg>{{cite web|last=Goldberg|first=J.J.|title=How Politics and Lies Triggered an Unintended War in Gaza|url=http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war|work=The Forward|accessdate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724041900/http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war/?p=all|archivedate=24 July, 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Hamas menyatakan bahwa "semua warga Israel" adalah "target yang sah"<ref name="all-israelis-targets"/><ref name="Abu Toameh K"/> dan memaksa Israel mengakhiri semua serangannya ke Gaza, membebaskan orang-orang yang kembali ditangkap saat serbuan di Tepi Barat, mengakhiri pemblokiran Gaza dan kembali ke kondisi gencatan senjata 2012 sebagai syarat gencatan senjata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=711104|title=Hamas armed wing sets conditions for ceasefire|publisher=Maannews.net|accessdate=22 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724215525/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=711104|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
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* 25 Juli - Serangan udara Israel menewaskan Salah Abu Hassanein, pemimpin sayap militer Jihad Islam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israeli Strike Kills a Leader of Islamic Jihad|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/26/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-strip.html?_r=0|work=New York Times|date=25 July 2014}}</ref>
* 26 Juli - Gencatan senjata kemanusiaan dilaksanakan selama dua belas jam,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/07/26/humanitarian-cease-fire-in-gaza-takes-effect|title=Gaza crisis: Humanitarian cease-fire between Israel, Hamas takes effect|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=26 July 2014|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> kemudian diperpanjang secara unilateral oleh Israel selama 24 jam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel extends unilateral cease-fire as Gaza death toll tops 1,000|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/26/gaza-israel-hamas.html|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> Jumlah korban tewas asal Palestina di Jalur Gaza mencapai 1.000 jiwa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Palestinians Survey Devastation as Gaza Death Toll Tops 1,000|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/middle-east-unrest/palestinians-survey-devastation-gaza-death-toll-tops-1-000-n165536|publisher=NBC News|date=26 July 2014}}</ref>
* A.S. dan PBB mengumumkan bahwa Israel dan Palestina menyetujui gencatan senjata 72 jam terhitung sejak 8:00 pagi waktu setempat tanggal 1 Agustus. Muncul beberapa permasalahan soal syarat gencatan senjata. Israel dan A.S. menyatakan bahwa perjanjiannya adalah "[Israel] tetap melanjutkan operasi penghancuran terowongan yang mengancam wilayah Israel yang membentang dari Jalur Gaza ke Israel selama terowongan tersebut berakhir di sisi Israel." Hamas mengatakan bahwa mereka tidak menyetujui syarat tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/ceasefire-gaza-strip-20148145731196790.html|title=Israeli military announces end to Gaza truce - Middle East|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=|accessdate=2014-08-04}}</ref><ref name=BluDeg /> Gencatan senjata gagal tidak lama setelah dimulai. Israel dan A.S. menyalahkan Hamas karena melanggarnya, namun dibantah Hamas. Menurut Israel, beberapa tentara Israel diserang oleh militan Palestina yang keluar dari sebuah terowongan.<ref>{{cite news|last=Duell|first=Mark|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2712656/Israel-Gaza-ceasefire-ends-sides-blame-breaching-truce.html|title=Israel-Gaza ceasefire ends, UN chief blames Hamas &#124; Mail Online|publisher=Daily Mail|date=2014-07-31|accessdate=2014-08-04}}</ref> Menurut Palestina, IDF adalah pihak pertama yang melanggar gencatan senjata pada pukul 8:30 pagi dengan meratakan 19 bangunan saat operasi penghancuran terowongan sedang berlangsung.<ref name="BluDeg" /> Menurut [[PLO]], [[Otoritas Palestina]], dan sumber-sumber di Gaza, Hamas menyerang satu unit pasukan Israel dan menewaskan seorang perwira Israel ([[Hadar Goldin]], awalnya diduga diculik) saat pasukan Israel masih terlibat aktivitas militer di [[Rafah]] sebelum gencatan senjata diberlakukan. Beberapa twit melaporkan adanya pertempuran di Rafah menjelang gencatan senjata.<ref name="BluDeg" >[[Max Blumenthal]] and Allison Deger, [http://mondoweiss.net/2014/08/ceasefire-against-evidence.html 'Who broke the ceasefire? Obama blames Hamas against the evidence,'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045817/http://mondoweiss.net/2014/08/ceasefire-against-evidence.html |date=2014-08-08 }} [[Mondoweiss]] 2 August 2014.</ref> Hamas juga menewaskan dua tentara dalam serangan [[pengeboman bunuh diri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4553298,00.html |title=ynet חשש: חמאס ניצל הפסקת האש וחטף קצין. שני לוחמים נהרגו. צה"ל: הפסקת האש קרסה – חדשות |publisher=Ynet.co.il |date= |accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> Pemimpin senior Hamas, Moussa Abu Marzouk, menuduh Israel mencari gara-gara untuk menggagalkan gencatan senjata Gaza. Ia juga mengatakan bahwa para pejuang Palestina menculik perwira tersebut dan membunuh dua tentara sebelum gencatan senjata dimulai,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aa.com.tr/en/news/367402--hamas-violates-gaza-truce-israeli-pm-tells-kerry|title=Israel using soldier's capture to 'cover up massacre': Hamas|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=1 August 2014|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref> sedangkan Israel mengaku serangan terjadi pada pukul 9:20 pagi, tidak lama setelah gencatan senjata dimulai pukul 8:00.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/02/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-conflict.html?_r=0 Gaza Fighting Intensifies as Cease-Fire Falls Apart], Jodi Rudoren, and Isabel Kershneraug, August 1, 2014: "Israel said the attack, from under a house near the southern border town of Rafah, took place at 9:20 a.m., soon after the 8 a.m. onset of the temporary truce..."</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/hamas-says-missing-israeli-soldier-in-gaza-hadar-goldin-is-likely-dead/2014/08/02/92562694-56cd-48c0-921b-b851fb2eca09_story.html] Netanyahu says Israeli military ‘will take as much time as necessary’ in Gaza, Griff Witte and Sudarsan Raghavan, 2 August 2014, Washington Post.</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/01/world/meast/mideast-crisis/ Captured, killed or missing? Fate of Israeli soldier remains unknown], by Mariano Castillo, Chelsea J. Carter and Salma Abdelaziz of CNN, updated 10:37 PM EDT, Fri August 1, 2014</ref>
* 3 Agustus - IDF menarik sebagian besar pasukan daratnya dari Jalur Gaza setelah menyelesaikan penghancuran 32 terowongan yang diketahui dipakai oleh Hamas dan militan lain.<ref name=withdrawal2/><ref name="withdrawal">{{cite news|author=Yossi Melman <!-- Opinion -->|url=http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy-defense/39097-140803-analysis-israel-s-victorious-withdrawal-from-gaza|title=Analysis: Israel's victorious withdrawal from Gaza|publisher=I24news.tv|date=3 August 2014|accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israeli-begins-redeploying-along-gaza-border Israel withdraws most troops from Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826211051/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israeli-begins-redeploying-along-gaza-border |date=2014-08-26 }} ''[[Associated Press]]''</ref>
* 5 Agustus - Gencatan senjata 72 jam dimulai setelah seluruh tentara Israel ditarik dari Jalur Gaza.<ref name=withdrawal2>{{cite news|title=New Gaza cease-fire begins as Israel withdraws troops|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-israel-withdraws-troops-as-72-hour-gaza-truce-begins-20140805-story.html|date=5 August 2014}}</ref>
Baris 165:
Lebih dari 269.800 orang yang kehilangan tempat tinggal mengungsi di sekolah-sekolah [[UNRWA]]. 138 sekolah dan 26 fasilitas medis rusak. Selain itu, lebih dari 14.130 rumah hancur atau rusak akibat serangan udara.<ref name="OCHA"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/gaza-toll-passes-100-as-israel-raids-continue-2014711104221774156.html |title=Gaza toll passes 105 as Israel raids continue|publisher=Aljazeera.com|date=11 July 2014|accessdate=17 July 2014}}</ref> IDF memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 30–40% roket yang disiimpan Hamas dan kelompok militan Palestina lainnya berhasil dimusnahkan.<ref name="updateno13">{{cite web|url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/Data/articles/Art_20686/E_127_14_1293730018.pdf |title=Operation Protective Edge – Update No. 13 |format=PDF |date=27 July 2014 |publisher=Israeli Intelligence & Heritage Commemoration Center |accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>
 
Menurut [[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center|Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Center]], per 4 Agustus 2014, 453 teroris, 466 warga sipil, dan 579 warga Palestina yang tak dikenal tewas di Gaza.<ref name="updateno19"/> Ketika pertempuran Israel–Gaza berlangsung, unjuk rasa solidaritas terjadi secara sporadis di Tepi Barat. Kekerasan selama unjuk rasa menewaskan 11 warga Palestina pada 22–26 Juli.<ref>[http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=716306 "Entire Gaza family killed prior to ceasefire, as death toll tops 940"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730124119/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=716306 |date=2014-07-30 }}, [[Ma'an News Agency]], 26 July 2014.</ref>
 
Pada tanggal 30 Juli, media Israel dan Palestina melaporkan bahwa 30 warga sipil dari berbagai daerah di Gaza dituduh bekerja sama dengan Israel dan [[eksekusi kilat|langsung dieksekusi]]. Selain itu, sekitar 20 warga sipil dari [[Shejaia]] dikabarkan tewas saat unjuk rasa politik melawan Hamas; mereka menyalahkan Hamas atas kehancuran masif di permukiman mereka.<ref name=solomon>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Report-Hamas-executes-alleged-spies-shoots-protesters-in-Gaza-369331|title=Report: Hamas executes alleged spies, shoots protesters in Gaza|first=Ariel Ben|last=Solomon|publisher=''The Jerusalem Post''|date=29 July 2014|accessdate=30 July 2014}}</ref> Beberapa hari kemudian, Hamas kabarnya membunuh 2 warga Gaza dan melukai 10 lainnya setelah terjadi bentrokan gara-gara pembagian makanan.<ref>http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/07/29/hamas-police-shoot-kill-starving-gazans-a-day-after-executing-protesters/</ref>
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