Tencent: Perbedaan antara revisi

Tencent ditemukan oleh [[Pony Ma]], [[Zhang Zhidong (pengusaha)|Zhang Zhidong]], Xu Chenye, [[Chen Yidan]], dan Zeng Liqing pada November 1998 <ref name="book">[https://books.google.com/books?id=IWftSWQ30Q8C&pg=PT118&dq=tencent+china&#v=onepage&q=tencent&f=false Investing in China: The Emerging Venture Capital Industry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315081525/http://books.google.com/books?id=IWftSWQ30Q8C&pg=PT118&dq=tencent+china&#v=onepage&q=tencent&f=false |date=15 March 2015 }} Jonsson Yinya Li, ''Google Book Search''</ref> dengan nama Tencent Inc.<ref name="Tencent En">[http://www.tencent.com/en-us/index.shtml Tencent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516200223/http://www.tencent.com/en-us/index.shtml |date=2012-05-16 }} Tencent official site</ref> Terbentuk di Cayman Islands.<ref name="Tencent 2008 Report">[http://www.tencent.com/en-us/content/ir/rp/2008/attachments/200802.pdf 2008 Annual Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229083632/http://www.tencent.com/en-us/content/ir/rp/2008/attachments/200802.pdf |date=29 December 2009 }} Tencent Official Site</ref> Pendanaan awal didapat dari sebuah perusahaan investasi. Pada bulan Februari 1999, produk bertukar pesan Tencent bernama [[Tencent QQ|OICQ]] dirilis.<ref name="LangLog">{{Cite web |last=Mair |first=Victor |date=26 April 2011 |title=A New Morpheme in Mandarin |url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319065128/http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3111 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |access-date=14 April 2012 |publisher=Language Log}}</ref> Tak lama kemudian Tencent mengubah namanya menjadi QQ, dikarenakan sebuah ancaman hukum dari [[ICQ]] dan [[AOL]]. Perusahaan ini masing tidak menghasilkan untung pada tiga tahun pertama beroperasi.<ref name="book" /> Perusahaan media dari Afrika Selatan [[Naspers]] membeli 46.5% saham Tencent pada 2001<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boehler |first=Patrick |date=21 February 2014 |title=South African media group struck gold by taking a chance on Tencent |language=en |work=South China Morning Post |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1432550/south-african-publishing-group-struck-gold-taking-chance-tencent |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830015237/http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1432550/south-african-publishing-group-struck-gold-taking-chance-tencent |archive-date=30 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Birkinbine |first1=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0eTDAAAQBAJ&q=Naspers+purchased+a+46%25+share+of+Tencent+in+2001&pg=PT413 |title=Global Media Giants |last2=Gomez |first2=Rodrigo |last3=Wasko |first3=Janet |date=1 July 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317402855 |language=en |access-date=15 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824013849/https://books.google.com/books?id=-0eTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT413&lpg=PT413&dq=Naspers+purchased+a+46%25+share+of+Tencent+in+2001#v=onepage |archive-date=24 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> (pada 2018 memiliki 31.2% <ref name="ownership">{{Cite web |last=Wexler |first=Steven Russolillo and Alexandra |title=The Savviest Tech Investor You've Never Heard of Is Selling Down Tencent |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/one-of-the-savviest-tech-investors-is-cashing-out-of-tencenta-little-1521713220 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026104424/https://www.wsj.com/articles/one-of-the-savviest-tech-investors-is-cashing-out-of-tencenta-little-1521713220 |archive-date=26 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 }}</ref>). Tencent Holding Ltd pertama kali melantai di bursa saham Hong Kong pada 16 Juni 2004. Dan ditambahkan ke [[Indeks Hang Seng]] pada 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hang Seng Indexes |url=http://main.hsi.com.hk/hsicom/announce/20080509e.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031181835/http://main.hsi.com.hk/hsicom/announce/20080509e.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2008 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Pendapatan utama dari perusahaan ini berasal dari iklan dan pengguna premium dari QQ, yang membayar iuran bulanan untuk mendapatkan fitur tambahan. Tetapi pada tahun 2005, dikenakan biaya untuk penggunaan QQ mobile pada layanan selular dan melisensi karakter penguin yang bisa ditemukan pada makanan ringan <ref>[http://news.gotgame.com/qq-games-on-aim-another-penguin-aims-for-the-casual-market/23035/ QQ Games on AIM: Another Penguin Aims for the Casual Market] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414165811/http://news.gotgame.com/qq-games-on-aim-another-penguin-aims-for-the-casual-market/23035/ |date=14 April 2009 }} gotgame.com, 13 January 2009</ref> dan pakaian,<ref name="book" /> hal ini juga menjadi sumber pendapatan. pada tahun 2008, Tencent melihat melihat adanya pertumbuhan keuntungan pada penjualan barang virtual,<ref name="Businessweek">[http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/nov2008/gb20081126_827373.htm A Chinese Web Giant's Sizzling Success] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708153609/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/nov2008/gb20081126_827373.htm |date=8 July 2009 }} businessweek.com, 26 November 2008, 9:11AM EST</ref> Meskipun layanan Tencent telah memproduksi permainan online sejak 2004, sekitar tahun 2007/2008 Tencent dengan cepat meningkatkan penjualan sahamnya dengan melisensi permainan-permainan Tencent. Setidaknya dua permainan, ''[[Cross Fire]]'' dan Dan ''[[Dungeon Fighter Online]]'', awalnya diproduksi oleh pengembang permainan asal [[Korea Selatan|korea selatan]], Tencent sekarang membuat permainan sendiri.<ref name="games">{{Cite news |last1=Einhorn |first1=Bruce |last2=Stone |first2=Brad |date=4 August 2011 |title=Tencent: March of the Penguins |pages=5/7 |work=Businessweek |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/tencent-march-of-the-penguins-08042011_page_5.html |url-status=dead |access-date=8 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113230733/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/tencent-march-of-the-penguins-08042011_page_5.html |archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> Pada 21 Januari 2011, Tencent melincurkan [[WeChat|Weixin]], aplikasi media sosial. Sekarang diberi merk WeChat, aplikasi tersebut adalah salah satu aplikasi media sosial yang paling kuat di dunia karena berbagai fungsi dan platformnya, serta lebih dari 1 miliar pengguna aktif bulannya.<ref name="weixin">{{Cite news |date=13 January 2012 |script-title=zh:微信进行时：厚积薄发的力量 |work=环球企业家 |url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2012-01-13/11256636131.shtml |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116101430/http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2012-01-13/11256636131.shtml |archive-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 2018 |title=WeChat now has over 1 billion active monthly users worldwide · TechNode |work=TechNode |url=https://technode.com/2018/03/05/wechat-1-billion-users/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407153530/https://technode.com/2018/03/05/wechat-1-billion-users/ |archive-date=7 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 December 2016 |title=Is WeChat, the chinese messaging app, set to shake up the tech industry? |work=Panda Security Mediacenter |url=https://www.pandasecurity.com/mediacenter/social-media/wechat-set-shake-tech-industry/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528170542/https://www.pandasecurity.com/mediacenter/social-media/wechat-set-shake-tech-industry/ |archive-date=28 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2017 |title=How WeChat Became China's App For Everything |work=Fast Company |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3065255/china-wechat-tencent-red-envelopes-and-social-money |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103135948/https://www.fastcompany.com/3065255/china-wechat-tencent-red-envelopes-and-social-money |archive-date=3 January 2017}}</ref>

Pada 18 Februari 2011, Tencent mengakuisisi mayoritas saham (92.78%) <ref name="TE11">[http://tencent.com/en-us/content/ir/rp/2011/attachments/201101.pdf Tencent Interim Report 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308024641/http://tencent.com/en-us/content/ir/rp/2011/attachments/201101.pdf |date=8 March 2014 }} Tencent Official Site, Retrieved 22 February 2014.</ref> di [[Riot Games]], pengembang [[League of Legends]], dengan harga sekitar US$230 juta. Tencent telah memiliki 22.34% dari kepemilikan ekuitas dari investasi sebelumnya pada tahun 2008. Pada 16 Desember 2015, Riot Games menjual sisa ekuitasnya kepada Tencet Holdings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moser |first=Kelsey |date=16 December 2015 |title=Tencent purchases remaining shares in Riot Games to hold 100% of equity |url=http://www.thescoreesports.com/lol/news/5378 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218044128/http://www.thescoreesports.com/lol/news/5378 |archive-date=18 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015 |website=TheScore eSports |publisher=TheScore Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Allegra |date=16 December 2015 |title=Riot Games now owned entirely by Tencent |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/12/16/10326320/riot-games-now-owned-entirely-by-tencent |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218235713/http://www.polygon.com/2015/12/16/10326320/riot-games-now-owned-entirely-by-tencent |archive-date=18 December 2015 |access-date=16 December 2015 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]}}</ref> Tencent mengakuisisi saham minoritas di [[Epic Games]], pengembang waralaba seperti ''[[Fortnite]]'', ''[[Unreal (permainan video)|Unreal]]'', ''[[Gears of War (series)|Gears of War]]'' and ''[[Infinity Blade]]'', pada Juni 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gears of War studio sells minority stake to Chinese Internet company |url=http://asia.gamespot.com/news/gears-of-war-studio-sells-minority-stake-to-chinese-internet-company-6383233 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623222738/http://asia.gamespot.com/news/gears-of-war-studio-sells-minority-stake-to-chinese-internet-company-6383233 |archive-date=23 June 2012 |publisher=Gamespot}}</ref> Tencent pada 2013 meningkatkan kepemilikannya di Kingsoft Network Technology, [[anak perusahaan]] Kingsoft Corporation, menjadi 18%. Tencent sebelumnya memiliki 15.68% saham di perusahaan tersebut dan menaikkan kepemilikannya melalui investasi US$46.98 juta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hsu |first=Alex |date=28 June 2013 |title=Baidu Missed Out on Kingsoft Network Investment; Tencent invests USD 46.98 million In US 52 million Round |url=http://bw-original-reporting.tumblr.com/post/54098848628/baidu-missed-out-on-kingsoft-network-investment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105002650/http://bw-original-reporting.tumblr.com/post/54098848628/baidu-missed-out-on-kingsoft-network-investment |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> Tencent mengambil bagian dalam [[Activision Blizzard]] yang memisahkan diri dari [[Vivendi]] sebagai investor pasif pada 2013<ref name="joy1">[http://www.joystiq.com/2013/07/26/activision-vivendi-split-for-8-billion/ Activision buys itself back from Vivendi for $8 billion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122095015/http://www.joystiq.com/2013/07/26/activision-vivendi-split-for-8-billion/ |date=22 January 2014 }} joystiq.com, Retrieved 28 February 2014.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 June 2016 |title=BRIEF-Tencent Holdings reports 5.023 pct passive stake in... |work=Reuters |url=http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSFWN19F01H |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226131123/http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSFWN19F01H |archive-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> dan sekarang memiliki kurang dari 4.9% saham pada 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Evelyn |date=9 November 2017 |title=Two tech giants are behind the pick-up in China IPOs on US exchanges |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/09/chinese-ipos-in-the-us-an-indirect-battle-between-alibaba-and-tencent.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112074503/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/09/chinese-ipos-in-the-us-an-indirect-battle-between-alibaba-and-tencent.html |archive-date=12 November 2017 |access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> Pada 17 September 2013 diumumkan bahwa Tencent telah menginvestasi $448 juta untuk saham minoritas di mesin pencari China, [[Sogou.com]], anak perusahaan [[Sohu]], Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aitken |first=Todd |date=17 September 2013 |title=Tencent invested $448 million in Chinese search engine Sogou |url=http://ceoworld.biz/2013/09/17/chinese-tencent-is-now-worth-almost-twice-as-much-as-baidu-close-to-facebook |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307050539/http://ceoworld.biz/2013/09/17/chinese-tencent-is-now-worth-almost-twice-as-much-as-baidu-close-to-facebook |archive-date=7 March 2015 |access-date=17 September 2013 |website=CEOWORLD Magazine}}</ref>

Pada Januari 2014, Tencent mengatakan akan menginvestasikan HKD 1.5 miliar(US$193.45 juta) dalam logistik dan perusahaan gudang China South City Holdings Ltd untuk mengembangkan bisnis e-commerce dan logistik.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2014 |title=Tencent Holdings to invest $193 mln in China South City Holdings |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/15/tencent-chinasouthcity-idUSB9N0K200Q20140115 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192506/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/15/tencent-chinasouthcity-idUSB9N0K200Q20140115 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=2 July 2017 |website=Reuters |agency=Reuters Editorial}}</ref> Pada 27 Februari 2014, Tencent membeli 20% saham pada website jual beli dan rating restoran Dianping seharga $400 juta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2014 |title=Tencent Takes a Stake in Dianping For O2O Plan |url=http://www.iresearchchina.com/views/5493.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040159/http://www.iresearchchina.com/views/5493.html |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> Pada 10 Maret 2014, Tencent membeli 15% saham di situs jual-beli China [[JD.com]] Inc. dengan membayar tunai dan menyerahkan bisnis e-commerce Paipai, QQ Wanggou dan saham di Yixun kepada JD.com untuk membangun yang lebih kuat. Pesaing [[Alibaba Group]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Lulu Yilun Chen |date=10 March 2014 |title=Tencent to Buy 15% Stake in JD.com to Boost E-Commerce |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-10/tencent-agrees-to-buy-15-stake-in-jd-com-for-214-7-million.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111020057/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-10/tencent-agrees-to-buy-15-stake-in-jd-com-for-214-7-million.html |archive-date=11 January 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> Pada tanggal 22 Mei 2014, JD.com terdaftar di NASDAQ dan Tencent memperluas kepemilikannya di perusahaan menjadi 17.43% dengan basis terdilusi penuh dengan menginvestasikan tambahan US$1.325 juta.<ref>[http://www.tencent.com/en-us/content/ir/rp/2014/attachments/201401.pdf Tencent Interim Report 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023124703/http://www.tencent.com/en-us/content/ir/rp/2014/attachments/201401.pdf |date=23 October 2014 }} Tencent Official Site, Retrieved 23 October 2014.</ref> pada 27 Maret 2014, diumumkan bahwa Tencent telah setuju untuk membayar sekitar $500 juta untuk 28% saham di CJ Games Korea Selatan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lulu Yilun Chen |date=27 March 2014 |title=Tencent to Pay $500 Million for Stake in CJ Games |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-26/tencent-to-pay-500-million-for-stake-in-cj-games.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110035425/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-26/tencent-to-pay-500-million-for-stake-in-cj-games.html |archive-date=10 January 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> Pada 27 Juni 2014, Tencent mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah setuju untuk membeli 19.9% saham di situs web e-commerce china 58.com(WUBA) Inc. seharga $736 juta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Tencent Buys 20% of China's 58.com for $736 Million |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-27/tencent-buys-20-of-china-s-58-com-for-736-million.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110114729/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-27/tencent-buys-20-of-china-s-58-com-for-736-million.html |archive-date=10 January 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> Pada 17 April 2015, Tencent mengumumkan telah membeli tambahan saham senilai $400 juta, meningkatkan kepemilikannya di perusahaan menjadi sekitar 25%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seshadri |first=Suresh |date=17 April 2015 |title=58.Com to Buy 43% of Rival Ganji as Tencent Raises Stake |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-17/58-com-to-buy-43-of-china-rival-ganji-as-tencent-raises-stake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813020301/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-17/58-com-to-buy-43-of-china-rival-ganji-as-tencent-raises-stake |archive-date=13 August 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> Pada 16 Oktober 2014, melalui anak perusahaan yang sepenuhya dimiliki Hongze Lake Investment Ltd, Tencent mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah membeli 7% saham di perusahaan lotre China LotSynergy Holdings Ltd seharga HKD 445.5 juta (US$57,4 juta).<ref>{{Cite web |title=GGRAsia – Tencent unit buys into lottery provider China LotSynergy |url=http://www.ggrasia.com/tencent-unit-buys-into-lottery-provider-china-lotsynergy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022026/http://www.ggrasia.com/tencent-unit-buys-into-lottery-provider-china-lotsynergy/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Pada tanggal 23 Oktober 2014, Tencent menawarkan $145 juta untuk 10% saham di Koudai Gouwu, sebuah portal belanja seluler Tiongkok.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese mobile shopping app Koudai gets $350M led by Tencent |url=https://www.techinasia.com/chinese-mobile-shopping-app-secures-350m-led-tencent-pose-biggest-threat-alibaba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905210736/https://www.techinasia.com/chinese-mobile-shopping-app-secures-350m-led-tencent-pose-biggest-threat-alibaba/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Tech in Asia}}</ref> Pada November 2014, perusahaan mengumumkan kesepakatan dengan [[HBO]] yang akan memberinya hak eksklusif untuk distribusi di China.<ref>Osawa, Juro. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/tencent-partners-with-hbo-to-distribute-tv-dramas-movies-online-in-china-1416902891 "Tencent to Distribute HBO Dramas, Movies Online in China"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331114750/https://www.wsj.com/articles/tencent-partners-with-hbo-to-distribute-tv-dramas-movies-online-in-china-1416902891 |date=31 March 2017 }} , ''The Wall Street Journal'', 24 November 2014. Accessed 10 August 2015.</ref> Pada 9 Desember 2014, aplikasi pemesanan taksi Tiongkok Didi Dache mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah mengumpulkan lebih dari $700 juta dalam putaran pendanaan yang dipimpin oleh Tencent dan perusahaan investasi negara Singapura Temasek Holdings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Gillian |date=9 December 2014 |title=Chinese Taxi-Hailing App Didi Raises More Than $700 Million |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/12/09/chinese-taxi-hailing-app-didi-raises-over-700m-led-by-temasek/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723133732/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/12/09/chinese-taxi-hailing-app-didi-raises-over-700m-led-by-temasek/ |archive-date=23 July 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=WSJ}}</ref>

Banyak perangkat lunak dan layanan Tencent sangat mirip dengan pesaing. Pendiri dan [[chairman]], [[Ma Huateng|Huateng "Pony" Ma]], mengatakan, "[Menyalin] tidaklah jahat.." Seorang mantan CEO dan presiden [[SINA.com]], [[Wang Zhidong]], berkata, "Pony Ma adalah raja peniruan yang terkenal kejam." [[Jack Ma]] dari Alibaba Group menyatakan, "Masalah dengan Tencent adalah kurangnya inovasi; semua produk mereka adalah salinan."<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=zh-CN&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fzgjx%2F2007-04%2F13%2Fcontent_5973072.htm Tencent's innovation is copied...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224003247/http://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=zh-CN&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fzgjx%2F2007-04%2F13%2Fcontent_5973072.htm |date=24 December 2015 }} '''Machine translation''' [[Xinhuanet.com]], 13 April 2007</ref>