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'''Singapura''' (nama resmi: '''Republik Singapura''') adalah sebuah [[negara pulau]] dan [[negara kota]] di lepas ujung selatan [[Semenanjung Malaya]], {{convert|137|km|mi}} di utara [[khatulistiwa]] di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Negara ini terpisah dari [[Malaysia]] oleh [[Selat Johor]] di utara, dan dari [[Kepulauan Riau]], [[Indonesia]] oleh [[Selat Singapura]] di selatan. Singapura adalah pusat keuangan terdepan ketiga di dunia<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100331200428/http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/661216D8-AD60-486B-A96F-EE75BB61B28A/0/BC_RS_GFC7full.pdf "Global Financial Centres 7"], City of London, March 2010.</ref> dan sebuah [[kota global|kota dunia]] [[Kosmopolitanisme|kosmopolitan]] yang memainkan peran penting dalam perdagangan dan keuangan internasional. Pelabuhan Singapura adalah satu dari lima pelabuhan tersibuk di dunia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/321856/1/.html|title=Singapore retains busiest world port title|work=[[Channel News Asia]]|location=Singapore|date=10 January 2008|first=Rachel|last=Kelly|access-date=2010-12-10|archive-date=2013-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303182731/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/321856/1/.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Singapura memiliki sejarah [[imigrasi]] yang panjang. Penduduknya yang beragam berjumlah kira-kira 6 juta jiwa, terdiri dari [[Orang Tionghoa]], [[Orang Melayu|Melayu]], [[Orang India di Singapura|India]], [[Orang Arab|Arab]], berbagai keturunan [[Asia]], dan [[Ras Kaukasoid|Kaukasoid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/latestdata.html |title=Statistics Singapore - Latest Data |publisher=Singstat.gov.sg |date= |accessdate=23 August 2010 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226013104/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/latestdata.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sebanyak 42% penduduk Singapura adalah orang asing yang bekerja dan menuntut ilmu di sana. Pekerja asing membentuk 50% dari sektor jasa.<ref name="un.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171020155111/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/migration/UN_MigStock_2008.pdf "Trends in international migrant stock: The 2008 revision"]
Sebelum merdeka tahun 1965, Singapura adalah pelabuhan dagang yang beragam dengan [[PDB per kapita]] $511, tertinggi ketiga di Asia Timur pada saat itu.<ref>[
[[Economist Intelligence Unit]] dalam "[[indeks kualitas hidup|Indeks Kualitas Hidup]]" menempatkan Singapura pada peringkat satu kualitas hidup terbaik di Asia dan kesebelas di dunia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120802135752/http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf "The Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index"]
Setelah PDB-nya berkurang -6.8% pada kuartal ke-4 tahun 2009,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thegovmonitor.com/world_news/asia/singapore-gdp-contracts-by-6-8-in-the-fourth-quarter-20156.html |title=Singapore GDP Contracts By 6.8% In The Fourth Quarter |publisher=Gov Monitor |date=3 January 2010 |accessdate=1 November 2010 |archive-date=2011-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822163149/http://www.thegovmonitor.com/world_news/asia/singapore-gdp-contracts-by-6-8-in-the-fourth-quarter-20156.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Singapura mendapatkan gelar pertumbuhan ekonomi tercepat di dunia, dengan pertumbuhan PDB 17.9% pada pertengahan pertama 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1074117/1/.html|title=Govt's goal is to ensure all S'poreans enjoy fruits of growth: PM Lee|work=[[Channel News Asia]]|location=Singapore|date=8 August 2010|first=S.|last=Ramesh|access-date=2010-12-10|archive-date=2012-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202043442/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1074117/1/.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
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Mata uang Singapura adalah dolar Singapura yang ditandai dengan simbol '''S$''' atau singkatan ISO '''SGD'''. [[Bank sentral]]nya adalah [[Otoritas Moneter Singapura]] yang bertugas mengeluarkan mata uang. Singapura mendirikan Board of Commissioners of Currency pada tahun 1967<ref>{{cite book|author=Low Siang Kok, Director (Quality), Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore|title=The Future of Money / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/31/35391062.pdf|accessdate=28 December 2007|publisher=OECD|location=Paris|isbn=92-64-19672-2<!-- ISBN-13: 9789264196728 -->|page=147|chapter=Chapter 6: Singapore Electronic Legal Tender (SELT) – A Proposed Concept|quote=The Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore (BCCS) was established on 7 April 1967 by the enactment of the Currency Act (Chapter 69). It has the sole right to issue currency notes and coins as legal tender in Singapore.|date=22 June 2002 <!-- http://www.oecd.org/bookshop?pub=032002011P1 -->|archive-date=2008-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216000244/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/31/35391062.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
dan mengeluarkan uang logam dan uang kertas pertamanya.<ref name="Currency History">{{cite press release |url=http://www.mas.gov.sg/currency/currency_info/Heritage_Collection.html |title=The Currency History of Singapore |accessdate=22 April 2010 |date=9 April 2007 |publisher=Monetary Authority of Singapore |quote=On 12 June 1967, the currency union which had been operating for 29 years came to an end, and the three participating countries, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei each issued its own currency.
Kesetaraan nilai tukar dengan dolar [[Brunei]] masih dipertahankan.<ref name="Currency History"/><ref name="Currency Interchangeability Agreement">{{cite press release |url=http://www.mas.gov.sg/news_room/press_releases/2007/Joint_Press_Release_by_the_MOF_Brunei_Darussalam_and_MAS.html |title=Commemorating the 40th Anniversary the Currency Interchangeability Agreement |accessdate=22 April 2010 |date=27 June 2007 |publisher=Monetary Authority of Singapore |quote=Brunei Darussalam and Singapore today celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the Currency Interchangeability Agreement
=== Transportasi ===
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{{Main|Agama di Singapura}}
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|title=Agama di Singapura 2020<ref name="census2020">{{cite web |title=Census 2020 |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/cop2020/sr1/cop2020sr1.pdf |website=www.singtat.gov.sg |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-date=2022-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611051404/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/cop2020/sr1/cop2020sr1.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="Singapore Census 2015">Statistics Singapore: [
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[[Pemerintah Singapura]] mengakui empat bahasa resmi: Inggris, [[bahasa Melayu|Melayu]], {{bhs|Mandarin}}, dan [[bahasa Tamil|Tamil]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1997-REVED-RSI&doctitle=REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%20INDEPENDENCE%20ACT%0A&date=latest&method=whole |title=Republic of Singapore Independence Act, 1997 revised edition |access-date=2010-07-23 |archive-date=2011-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191457/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1997-REVED-RSI&doctitle=REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%20INDEPENDENCE%20ACT%0A&date=latest&method=whole |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
[[Bahasa Inggris Singapura|Bahasa Inggris]] adalah bahasa paling dominan di Singapura,<ref name="pmo.gov.sg"/><ref name="news.gov.sg"/> tidak seperti negara tetangganya, [[Malaysia]] dan [[Indonesia]], tempat [[bahasa Melayu]] menjadi bahasa dominan.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.leeds.ac.uk/english/staff/afg/pragp3.doc | title = Epistemic modalities and the discourse particles of Singapore | first = A.F. | last = Gupta | editor = Fischer, K. | format = DOC | work = Approaches to Discourse Particles | publisher = Elsevier | location = Amsterdam | pages = 244–263 | access-date = 2010-12-13 | archive-date = 2011-02-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110205010214/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/english/staff/afg/pragp3.doc | dead-url = no }}</ref> Bentuk bahasa Inggris yang dipertuturkan di Singapura beragam mulai dari [[bahasa Inggris Standar|Inggris Standar]] hingga bahasa [[bahasa kreol Inggris|kreol]] yang dikenal sebagai [[Singlish]]. Di antara warga Singapura, bahasa Inggris memiliki jumlah penutur terbanyak. Jumlah ini diikuti oleh [[bahasa Mandarin]], Melayu dan [[bahasa Tamil|Tamil]].<ref name="ReferenceC">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070920004459/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf Literacy and language], Singapore Census of Population, 2000. Singapore Department of Statistics (December 2000).</ref> Pengejaan dan kosakata yang digunakan berasal dari [[bahasa Inggris Britania]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.nlb.gov.sg/ask/children/481 |title=What are some commonly misspelled English words? | ASK! |publisher=Blogs.nlb.gov.sg |date=18 April 2008 |accessdate=23 August 2010 |archive-date=2012-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303222846/https://blogs.nlb.gov.sg/ask/children/481 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dengan beberapa pengecualian, misalnya penggunaan "pants" (Amerika Serikat) menggantikan "trousers" (Britania Raya).<ref>[
[[Bahasa Melayu]] adalah bahasa nasional karena alasan simbolis dan historis,<ref name='sgindepact' /> dan secara umum dipertuturkan oleh [[masyarakat Melayu di Singapura|masyarakat Melayu Singapura]]. Bahasa Melayu digunakan pada lagu kebangsaan "[[Majulah Singapura]]"<ref>{{Singapore Statute |title=Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act|cap=296 |ed=1985}}</ref> dan cetakan koin. Tetapi, sekitar 85% warga Singapura tidak mempertuturkan bahasa Melayu.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
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[[Singapore Slingers]] bergabung dengan [[National Basketball League (Australia)|Australian National Basketball League]] pada 2006, yang kemudian mereka tinggalkan pada 2008. Mereka adalah salah satu tim pertama dalam [[ASEAN Basketball League]] yang didirikan bulan Oktober 2009.
Dimulai tahun 2008, Singapura menyelenggarakan satu putaran [[Singapore Grand Prix|Formula One World Championship]]. Balap mobil ini diadakan di [[Marina Bay Street Circuit]] di daerah [[Marina Bay, Singapore|Marina Bay]] dan menjadi balap malam pertama yang dilakukan di sirkuit F1<ref name="News - Singapore confirms 2008 night race">{{cite press release |title=News – Singapore confirms 2008 night race |publisher=[[Formula1.com]] |url=http://www.formula1.com/news/6063.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070613015932/http://www.formula1.com/news/6063.html |archivedate=13 June 2007 |accessdate=18 May 2007
Pada 21 Februari 2008, [[Komite Olimpiade Internasional]] mengumumkan<ref name="Singapore to host first edition of the Youth Olympic Games in 2010">{{cite press release |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/media_centre/press_release_uk.asp?release=2492 |title=Youth Olympic Games 2010 (Singapore) |accessdate=15 March 2008
Pada 15 September 2010, Sekretaris Parlemen Senior untuk [[Kementerian Pengembangan Masyarakat, Remaja dan Olahraga]], [[Teo Ser Luck]] mengumumkan bahwa Singapura akan memulai [[Singapore Biennial Games|Singapore Biennale Games]] untuk melanjutkan jejak-jejak Olimpiade Remaja Singapura 2010 yang akan diadakan setiap 2 tahun mulai 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1081447/1/.html|title=S'pore to kick off first Biennale Games in 2012|last=S|first=Ramesh|date=15 September 2010|work=Channel NewsAsia|accessdate=10 December 2010|archive-date=2010-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019065942/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1081447/1/.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
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* {{cite web |title=Nation's History |work=Singapore Infomap |url=http://app.www.sg/who/4/Our-History.aspx |accessdate=11 January 2004 |archive-date=2009-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421003417/http://app.www.sg/who/4/Our-History.aspx |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite web |title=MOE-PRIME |work=Programme For Rebuilding and IMproving Existing schools (PRIME) |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/prime/prime.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823024237/http://www.moe.gov.sg/prime/prime.htm |archivedate=2007-08-23 |accessdate=15 May 2007 |dead-url=no }}
* {{Cite press release |title=Eight More Schools to Benefit from Upgrading |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/press/2007/pr20070214.htm |date=14 February 2007 |publisher=Ministry of Education |accessdate=15 May 2007
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