Tomistoma: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''''Tomistoma''''' adalah sebuah genus [[gavialidae]]. Mereka terkenal karena moncongnya yang panjang dan sempit yang digunakan untuk menangkap ikan, mirip dengan [[gavial]]. Genus ini berisi satu anggota yang masih hidup yakni [[buaya sepit]] (''Tomistoma schlegelii'') serta beberapa spesies yang telah punah yakni ''T. cairense, T. lusitanicum T. coppensi'', dan ''T. dowsoni''. Namun spesies yang telah punah mungkin perlu direklasifikasi ke genus yang berbeda karena penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mereka bersifat [[parafili]], misalnya spesies yang sebelumnya ditetapkan ''T. taiwanicus'' dari Taiwan direklasifikasi ke genus ''[[Toyotamaphimeia]]'', dan ''T. dowsoni'' harus dikeluarkan dari ''Tomistoma'' berdasarkan pada analisis filogenetik.<ref name="LeeYates2018"/><ref name="Iijima2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Iijima |first1=M. |last2=Momohara |first2=A. |last3=Kobayashi |first3=Y. |last4=Hayashi |first4=S. |last5=Ikeda|first5=T. |last6=Taruno |first6=H. |last7=Watanabe |first7=K. |last8=Tanimoto |first8=M. |last9=Furui |first9=S. |date=2018 |title=''Toyotamaphimeia'' cf. ''machikanensis'' (Crocodylia, Tomistominae) from the Middle Pleistocene of Osaka, Japan, and crocodylian survivorship through the Pliocene-Pleistocene climatic oscillations |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018217311124 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=496|pages=346–360 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.02.002|bibcode=2018PPP...496..346I }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ito |first=Ai |last2=Aoki |first2=Riosuke |last3=Hirayama |first3=Ren |last4=Yoshida |first4=Masataka |last5=Kon |first5=Hiroo |last6=Endo |first6=Hideki |date=April 2018 |title=The Rediscovery and Taxonomical Reexamination of the Longirostrine Crocodylian from the Pleistocene of Taiwan |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.2517/2017PR016 |journal=Paleontological Research |language=en |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=150–155 |doi=10.2517/2017PR016 |issn=1342-8144}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burke |first=Paul M. J. |last2=Mannion |first2=Philip D. |date=2023-03-16 |title=Neuroanatomy of the crocodylian Tomistoma dowsoni from the Miocene of North Africa provides insights into the evolutionary history of gavialoids |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.13846 |journal=Journal of Anatomy |language=en |doi=10.1111/joa.13846 |issn=0021-8782|pmc=10273334 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cho |first=Yi-Yang |last2=Tsai |first2=Cheng-Hsiu |date=2023-06-29 |title=Crocodylian princess in Taiwan: Revising the taxonomic status of ''Tomistoma taiwanicus'' from the Pleistocene of Taiwan and its paleobiogeographic implications |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/crocodylian-princess-in-taiwan-revising-the-taxonomic-status-of-tomistoma-taiwanicus-from-the-pleistocene-of-taiwan-and-its-paleobiogeographic-implications/0F9ABE50FA24B3EB42AF0A6E0E3371A5 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2023.36 |issn=0022-3360|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Berbeda dengan [[gavial]], moncong [[buaya sepit]] melebar ke arah pangkal sehingga lebih mirip dengan buaya sejati dibandingkan gavial, yang [[osteologi]]nya menunjukkan garis keturunan yang berbeda dari semua [[crocodilia]] hidup lainnya.<ref name= Piras>Piras, P., Colangelo, P., Adams, D. C., Buscalioni, A., Cubo, J., Kotsakis, T., & Raia, P. (2010). ''The Gavialis–Tomistoma debate: the contribution of skull ontogenetic allometry and growth trajectories to the study of crocodylian relationships''. Evolution & development, 12(6): 568−579.</ref> Namun, meskipun secara [[Morfologi (biologi)|morfologi]] lebih mirip dengan [[Crocodylidae]] berdasarkan ciri-ciri kerangkanya, studi molekuler terkini yang menggunakan [[pengurutan DNA]] secara konsisten menunjukkan bahwa buaya sepit dan berdasarkan kesimpulan bentuk-bentuk punah terkait lainnya yang secara tradisional dipandang sebagai anggota subfamili [[Tomistominae]] sebenarnya termasuk dalam [[Gavialoidea]] dan [[Gavialidae]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Molecular Systematics of the Order Crocodilia |journal=American Zoologist |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=831–841 |doi=10.1093/icb/29.3.831 |year=1989 |last1=Densmore |first1=L. D. |last2=Owen |first2=R. D. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Harshman2003">{{cite journal |pmid=12775527 |year=2003 |last1=Harshman |first1=J. |title=True and false gharials: A nuclear gene phylogeny of crocodylia |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=52|issue=3|pages=386–402|last2=Huddleston|first2=C. J. |last3=Bollback |first3=J. P. |last4=Parsons|first4=T. J.|last5=Braun|first5=M. J.|doi=10.1080/10635150309323 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Gatesy2003">{{cite journal |last=Gatesy |first=J. |author2=Amato, G. |author3=Norell, M. |author4=DeSalle, R. |author5=H. C. |year=2003 |title=Combined support for wholesale taxic atavism in gavialine crocodylians |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=403–422 |doi=10.1080/10635150309329 |pmid=12775528 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Willis2007">{{Cite journal | last1 = Willis | first1 = R. E. | last2 = McAliley | first2 = L. R. | last3 = Neeley | first3 = E. D. | last4 = Densmore Ld | first4 = L. D. | title = Evidence for placing the false gharial (''Tomistoma schlegelii'') into the family Gavialidae: Inferences from nuclear gene sequences | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.005 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 787–794 | date = 2007 | pmid =17433721}}</ref><ref name="Gatesy2008">{{cite journal|last1=Gatesy |first1=J. |last2=Amato |first2=G. |year=2008 |title=The rapid accumulation of consistent molecular support for intergeneric crocodylian relationships |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]|volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=1232–1237 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.009 |pmid=18372192}}</ref><ref name=Erickson_al2012>{{cite journal |author=Erickson, G. M. |author2=Gignac, P. M. |author3=Steppan, S. J. |author4=Lappin, A. K. |author5=Vliet, K. A. |author6=Brueggen, J. A. |author7=Inouye, B. D. |author8=Kledzik, D. |author9=Webb, G. J. W. |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=3 |page=e31781 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0031781 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...731781E |pmid=22431965 |pmc=3303775|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="LeeYates2018">{{cite journal | author=Lee, M. S. Y. |author2=Yates, A. M. |date=2018 |title=Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]] |volume=285 |issue=1881 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.1071 |pmid=30051855 |pmc=6030529 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Hekkala2021">{{Cite journal|last1=Hekkala |first1=E. |last2=Gatesy |first2=J. |last3=Narechania |first3=A. |last4=Meredith |first4=R. |last5=Russello |first5=M. |last6=Aardema |first6=M. L. |last7=Jensen |first7=E. |last8=Montanari |first8=S. |last9=Brochu |first9=C. |last10=Norell |first10=M. |last11=Amato |first11=G. |date=2021 |title=Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, ''Voay robustus'' |journal=Communications Biology |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=505 |doi=10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0 |pmid=33907305 |pmc=8079395 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Gavialidae - Tomistoma calaritanus.JPG|thumb|Pelat punggung fosil ''Tomistoma calaritanum'']]
Fosil spesies ''Tomistoma'' yang telah punah telah ditemukan dalam endapan berumur [[Paleogen]], [[Neogen]], dan [[Kuarter]] di [[Uganda]], Italia, Portugal, Mesir, dan India, namun hampir semuanya kemungkinan merupakan genus yang berbeda karena usianya yang lebih tua dibandingkan dengan buaya sepit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=38460|title=Fossilworks: Tomistoma |website=fossilworks.org}}</ref>
[[Kladogram]] kelompok crocodilia utama yang masih hidup di bawah ini berdasarkan pada studi molekuler dan menunjukkan hubungan dekat dengan buaya sepit:<ref name="Harshman2003"/><ref name="Gatesy2008"/><ref name=Erickson_al2012/><ref name="LeeYates2018"/><ref name="Hekkala2021"/>
== Referensi ==
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