Kösem Sultan: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Kösem Sultan''' ({{IPA-tr|cøˈsem sulˈtan}}) (nama lengkap ''Devletlu İsmetlu Haseki Mahpeyker Kösem Buyuk Valide Sultan Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri''; ''{{circa}}'' 1590 – 2 September 1651) – juga dikenal sebagai '''Mahpeyker Sultan'''<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/> ({{IPA-tr|mahpejˈkeɾ sulˈtan}}) – adalah salah satu wanita paling berkuasa dalam [[sejarah Utsmaniyah]].<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195">Douglas Arthur Howard, The official History of Turkey, Greenwood Press, isbn= 0-313-30708-3, p. 195</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Bator, Robert, – Rothero, Chris|title=Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul|url=https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00bato|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|year= 2000|page= [https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00bato/page/42 42]|isbn= 0-8225-3217-4|quote=When such a son became sultan, his slave mother would become the most powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire. The Macedonian slave Kösem earned this distinction}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Akbar, M. J.|title=The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity|url=https://archive.org/details/shadeswordsjihad00akba|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|page=[https://archive.org/details/shadeswordsjihad00akba/page/n109 89]|isbn=0-415-28470-8|quote=His mother, Valide Kosem, said to be the most powerful woman in the history of the dynasty, ruled in his name.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Westheimer, Ruth Karola, – Kaplan, Steven|title= Power|url=https://archive.org/details/powerultimateaph00west|publisher=Madison Books|location= University of Virginia|year= 2001|page=[https://archive.org/details/powerultimateaph00west/page/19 19]|isbn=1-56833-230-0|quote= Maypeyker Sultan, better known as Kösem Sultan, is remembered by the Turks as the most powerful woman of her time }}</ref> Beliau adalah istri sah dan [[Haseki sultan|Haseki Sultan]] (Permaisuri Kekaisaran) dari [[Sultan Utsmaniyah]] [[Ahmed I]] (r. 1603–1617), ia meraih kekuasaan dan mempengaruhi politik [[Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah]] melalui suaminya, kemudian melalui putra-putranya [[Murad IV]] (r. 1623–1640) dan [[Ibrahim dari Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah|Ibrahim]] (r. 1640–1648), dan terakhir melalui cucunya [[Mehmed IV]] (r. 1648–1687). Ia menjadi [[Valide Sultan]]<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/> serta Naib I Saltanat (Pemangku Sultan) ketika putra-putranya Murad IV dan Ibrahim serta cucunya Mehmed IV menjabat sebagai sultan Utsmaniyah selama lebih 28 tahun. Ia merupakan figur berpengaruh dan paling terkemuka pada masa [[Kesultanan Wanita]]. Setelah kematiannya, ia dikenal dengan nama "Valide-i Maktule" (ibu yang terbunuh), dan "Valide-i Șehide" (ibu yang menjadi martir).<ref>{{cite book|author=Necdet Sakaoğlu|title=Famous Ottoman women|year=2007|publisher=Avea|page=129|isbn=}}</ref>