Pembantaian Pemilu 1874: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Cabang-cabangnya menyebar ke Alabama dan negara bagian lain di Ujung Selatan. Kelompok paramiliter serupa adalah [[Kaus Merah (Amerika Serikat Bagian Selatan)|Kaus Merah]], yang berasal dari Mississippi dan aktif di Carolina. Kedua kelompok paramiliter tersebut berkontribusi pada perolehan kembali kendali Partai Demokrat di badan legislatif negara bagian pada akhir tahun 1870-an. Kaus Merah masih aktif pada tahun 1890-an dan terlibat dalam [[Pemberontakan Wilmington tahun 1898]] di Carolina Utara.<ref>[http://www.history.ncdcr.gov/1898-wrrc/report/Chapter3.pdf LeRae Umfleet, "Chapter 3: Practical Politics"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030434/http://www.history.ncdcr.gov/1898-wrrc/report/Chapter3.pdf|date=2015-09-24}}, ''1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission Report'', North Carolina Dept. of Cultural Resources</ref> Pada hari-hari menjelang pemilu, komandan di Eufaula memperkirakan akan terjadi masalah tetapi diperintahkan oleh kantor pusat di Kentucky untuk menjauh dari pejabat lokal terkait pemilu dan tidak mengganggu pemilu dalam keadaan apa pun. <ref>Wiggins, Sarah Woolfork. The Scalawag in Alabama Politics, 1865-1881. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991</ref>
 
== EventsPeristiwa ==
OnMenjelang thepemilu eve of thetahun 1874 election, approximatelysekitar 1,.000 blackanggota RepublicansPartai wereRepublik campedkulit outsidehitam ofberkemah di luar [[Eufaula, Alabama|Eufaula]]. WhileSementara desas-desus menyebar ke seluruh rumorskomunitas spreadkulit throughoutputih thebahwa whiteanggota communityPartai thatRepublik blackkulit Republicanshitam wouldakan attemptmencoba anmelakukan invasioninvasi.<ref>https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/election-riots-of-1874/ .2009-11-06. Retrieved 2023-05-01.</ref> On election day, November 3, 1874, an Alabama chapter of the [[White League]] repeated actions taken earlier that year in [[Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant#Vicksburg riots|Vicksburg, Mississippi]]. After the election started, an underage black Republican was caught attempting to vote. After being discovered by the white democrats, he was stabbed in an alleyway. The White League invaded Eufaula and, with firearms, ambushed Black voters as they marched down Broad Street, killing an estimated 15-40 black Republicans, injuring at least 70 more, and driving off more than 1,000 unarmed Republicans from the polls.<ref>Mary Ellen Curtin, "Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865-1900," University Press of Virginia, 2000, p. 55</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Carter|first=Dan T.|date=1995|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32739924|title=The politics of rage: George Wallace, the origins of the new conservatism, and the transformation of American politics|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=0-684-80916-8|pages=36–37|oclc=32739924}}</ref> The group moved on to [[Spring Hill, Barbour County, Alabama|Spring Hill]], where members stormed the polling place, destroying the ballot box, and killing the 16-year-old son of a white Republican judge in their shooting.<ref>Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', pp. 55-56.</ref>
 
The White League refused to count any Republican votes cast. But, Republican voters reflected the black majority in the county, as well as white supporters. They outnumbered Democratic voters by a margin greater than two to one. The League declared the Democratic candidates victorious, forced Republican politicians out of office, and seized every county office in [[Barbour County, Alabama|Barbour County]] in a kind of [[coup d'état]].<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56">Curtin (2000), "Black Prisoners," p. 56</ref> Such actions were repeated in other parts of the South in the 1870s, as Democrats sought to regain political dominance in states with black majorities and numerous Republican officials. In Barbour County, the Democrats auctioned off as "slaves" (for a maximum cost of $2 per month) or otherwise silenced all Republican witnesses to the events. They were intimidated from testifying to the coup if the case went to federal court. Eventually, the rioters stood before a grand jury, and the grand jury blamed the "militant" black Republicans for the tense atmosphere in Eufaula. <ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56" />