Church's Chicken: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox company
| name =
| trading_name = Church's Chicken<br>{{small|(di Puerto Riko, Honduras, dan Venezuela)}}<br>Texas Chicken<br> atau <br>Church's Texas Chicken
|
| image = Church's Chicken sign, Valdosta.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = Gerai Church’s Chicken di Valdosta, [[Georgia (negara bagian)|Georgia]], AS
| type = [[Perusahaan publik|Publik]]▼
| foundation = 17 April 1952
| location = [[Sandy Springs, Georgia|Sandy Springs]], [[Georgia (negara bagian)|Georgia]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
| key_people = George W. Church (pendiri)<br />Jim Hyatt<small>CEO</small>|
| owner = High Bluff Capital Partners {{small|(AS)}}<br>South America Restaurants Corporation {{small|(Honduras dan Venezuela)}}
▲| industry = Restoran
| products = [[
| homepage = [http://www.churchs.com churchs.com]
}}
[[Berkas:Church's Chicken restaurant Detroit Michigan.JPG|jmpl|240px|Church's Chicken di [[Detroit]].]]
'''Church's Texas Chicken''' adalah [[rumah makan siap saji]] [[ayam goreng]] dari [[Amerika Serikat]]. Di luar Amerika Utara (termasuk di Indonesia), rumah makan ini beroperasi dengan nama '''Texas Chicken'''.<ref>[http://www.prlog.org/10115853-texas-chicken-enters-india-with-its-first-outlet-in-hyderabad.html PR Log - Texas Chicken Enters India with Its First Outlet In Hyderabad]</ref> Jaringan rumah makan ini didirikan oleh [[George W. Church, Sr.]] pada 17 April 1952 di [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio]] berseberangan dengan [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio|The Alamo]]. Kantor pusatnya di [[Sandy Springs, Georgia]].<ref>"[http://www.churchs.com/nashville.html Grand Opening!]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" Church's Chicken. Diakses 23 February 2010.</ref><ref name="Sandymap">"[http://files.sandysprings-ga.org/maps/SandySprings_CouncilDistricts.pdf City Council Districts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117135736/http://files.sandysprings-ga.org/maps/SandySprings_CouncilDistricts.pdf |date=2010-01-17 }}." City of Sandy Springs. Diakses 4 July 2009.</ref> Church's Chicken adalah restoran berantai ayam goreng terbesar nomor empat di dunia setelah [[KFC]], [[Chick-fil-A]], dan mantan jaringan restoran saudari dari Church's Chicken, [[Popeyes]].<ref name="Official history">{{cite web|title=History of Church's Chicken|url=http://www.churchs.com/company-history.html|access-date=2013-05-17|archive-date=2008-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026035012/http://www.churchs.com/company-history.html|dead-url=yes}} at official website</ref>
Setelah George W. Church meninggal pada 1956, anaknya George W. Church, Jr. mengambil alih. Kini pemilikan mereknya ada di tangan High Bluff Capital Partners. Sampai sekarang, Church's Chicken memiliki 1.700 lokasi di 26 negara.<ref name=canada>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.churchschicken.ca/our-history/ |website=Church's Chicken Canada |access-date=June 9, 2021 |archive-date=June 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609134337/https://www.churchschicken.ca/our-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Sejarah ==
Restoran ini dirintis oleh [[George W. Church Sr.]], seorang mantan penjual inkubator anak ayam, di tahun 1952 dengan nama Church's Fried Chicken To-Go yang berlokasi di [[San Antonio, Texas]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jakle |first1=John A. |last2=Sculle |first2=Keith A. |title=Fast Food Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age |date=March 27, 2002 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |page=223 |isbn=9780801869204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC&q=church%27s%20chicken |access-date=June 9, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Laulajainen |first1=R. |title=Spatial Strategies in Retailing |date=2012 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |location=Germany |page=87 |isbn=9789400939837 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_m4rBgAAQBAJ |access-date=June 10, 2021}}</ref> George Church mengawalinya dari sebuah kedai kecil<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Klein |first1=Danny |title=Church's Chicken Seeking a Buyer, Reports Say |url=https://www.qsrmagazine.com/finance/churchs-chicken-seeking-buyer-reports-say |access-date=June 4, 2021 |magazine=QSR Magazine |date=June 2019}}</ref> yang hanya menjual ayam goreng.<ref name="junk" /> Penambahan menu dilakukan pada tahun 1955, dengan masuknya [[kentang goreng]] dan jalapeño.<ref name="antonio" /> Untuk membantu konsumen melihat pembuatannya, George Church meletakkan dapurnya dekat dengan jendela ''take-out''.<ref name="antonio">{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Chris |title=Things to know about San Antonio favorite Church's Chicken |url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/food/restaurants/article/Things-to-know-about-San-Antonio-favorite-13691428.php#photo-8119458 |access-date=June 4, 2021 |work=My San Antonio |date=March 15, 2019 }}</ref>
George meninggal di tahun 1956 dan kepemimpinan perusahaan dilanjutkan oleh putranya, Bill Church Jr. Restoran ini pun berkembang, dari tahun 1956 memiliki 4 gerai, naik menjadi 8 pada 1962.<ref name="antonio" /> Bill dan saudaranya, Richard Church kemudian mengembangkan bisnis Church's Chicken secara [[waralaba]], dengan modal bumbu marinasi yang bisa digunakan di mana saja. Masuknya [[J. David Bamberger]] ikut membantu mengembangkan bisnis waralaba restoran ini.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greene |first1=Jeffrey |title=Water from Stone: The Story of Selah, Bamberger Ranch Preserve |date=April 2008 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |location=United States |page=77 |isbn=9781603440639 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=prEWJMcxHLwC&dq=george+w+church+sr&pg=PA77 |access-date=June 10, 2021}}</ref> Di tahun 1967-1968 mereka sudah memiliki 17 gerai yang berlokasi d 5 kota di Texas.<ref name="bill">{{cite news |title=Bill Church Jr. expanded Church's Chicken into an extensive fast-food chain |url=https://www.expressnews.com/business/local/article/Bill-Church-Jr-expanded-Church-s-into-an-5249935.php#:~:text=Church's%20Fried%20Chicken%20was%20incorporated,chain%20behind%20Kentucky%20Fried%20Chicken. |access-date=June 4, 2021 |work=San Antonio-Express |date=February 19, 2014}}</ref>
Keluarga Church di tahun yang sama melepas kepemilikannya di restorannya, dan setelah diberi badan hukum, pada tahun 1969 menjadi [[perusahaan publik]].<ref name="junk" /> Pada akhir tahun yang sama restoran ini pun berkembang pesat, dengan memiliki 100 gerai di 7 negara bagian AS, yang naik menjadi 387 hingga 1974, sehingga menjadi waralaba pertama dari Texas yang menjangkau pasar nasional.<ref name="antonio" /><ref name="junk">{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Andrew F. |title=Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food |date=August 30, 2006 |publisher=Greenwood |page=52 |isbn=9780313086687 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jIOEZ5F9fAC&dq=church%27s+chicken+went+public+in+1969&pg=PA52 |access-date=June 4, 2021}}</ref> Manajemennya sempat mengembangkan waralaba [[hamburger]] di 60 lokasi bernama G.W. Jrs. pada akhir 1970-an hingga 1985.<ref name="antonio" />
Seperti banyak waralaba sejenis, kepemilikan perusahaan kemudian berpindah ke sejumlah pihak. Di tahun 1989 waralaba ini jatuh ke tangan Al Copeland Enterprises, Inc., pemilik waralaba ayam lainnya [[Popeyes]] seharga US$ 330 juta.<ref name="junk" /><ref name="popeyes">{{cite news |title=POPEYES WINS TAKEOVER FIGHT FOR CHURCH'S |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1989/02/17/popeyes-wins-takeover-fight-for-churchs/9736904a-5075-4e6e-8ef2-e1b9ea6b9f47/ |access-date=June 7, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 16, 1989}}</ref> Awalnya direncanakan bahwa hanya 92 restoran yang akan menggunakan nama Church's Chicken, dengan sisanya akan ditutup, dijual ke pihak lain atau digabungkan operasionalnya dengan Popeyes.<ref name="popeyes" /> Namun, transaksi tersebut dibiayai hutang yang besar (US$ 400 juta) sehingga pemilik barunya mengalami kebangkrutan.<ref name="copeland" /> Setelah restrukturisasi, nama Al Copeland Enterprises, Inc. diubah menjadi AFC Enterprises, Inc., (AFC: America's Favorite Chicken) yang menjadi induk bersama Church's (Texas) Chicken dan Popeyes.<ref name="copeland">{{cite news |title=Popeyes, Church's Chicken Chains Given to Canadian Bank Group |url=https://apnews.com/article/9fb1adb8cbf0d0dd778597fe8076f2d8 |access-date=June 7, 2021 |work=AP News |date=October 21, 1992}}</ref><ref name="antonio" />
Pada tahun 2004 sebuah lembaga keuangan [[Arcapita]] mengakuisisi Church's Chicken dari AFC Enterprises, Inc.<ref name="junk" /><ref name="collier">{{cite news |last1=Collier |first1=Joe Guy |title=Private equity firm in San Francisco to buy chain from Arcapita Bank; headquarters to remain in Atlanta. |url=https://www.ajc.com/business/new-owner-for-church/Zd38ruXSy7tim7EQgDdO4N/ |access-date=June 7, 2021 |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=August 10, 2012}}</ref> Mengingat Arcapita banyak menerima investor dari [[Timur Tengah]] dan berinvestasi di perusahaan-perusahaan yang menghormati [[hukum syariah]], Church's Chicken di tahun 2005 memutuskan menghilangkan menunya yang mengandung [[daging babi]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hlavaty |first1=Craig |title=Weird Texas: Church's Chicken is known as Texas Chicken in other countries |url=https://www.chron.com/business/article/Church-s-Chicken-Texas-Chicken-Fast-Food-America-11230232.php |access-date=June 7, 2021 |work=Houston Chronicle |date=June 19, 2017}}</ref> Kepemilikan Arcapita tidak bertahan lama; lembaga keuangan lain dari [[San Francisco]], [[Friedman Fleischer & Lowe]], pada 10 Agustus 2009 mengakuisisi Church's Chicken senilai US$390 juta (menurut ''[[Financial Times]]'').<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/triad/othercities/sanantonio/stories/2009/08/10/daily4.html |title=Church's Chicken sold to private equity firm |access-date=9 September 2016 |date=10 August 2009 |publisher=American City Business Journals |newspaper=San Antonio Business Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025230012/http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2009/08/10/daily4.html |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-06-12|title=Private Equity Firm to Seek Sale of Church's Chicken|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-12/private-equity-firm-ffl-is-said-to-seek-sale-of-church-s-chicken|access-date=2020-09-06}}</ref> Pada tahun 2017, melalui kerjasama dengan Goalz Restaurant Group, LLC, manajemennya menargetkan pembukaan 20 restoran baru di Florida, Kentucky, Ohio, Colorado, North Carolina dan South Carolina.<ref>{{cite news |title=Church's Chicken signs franchise development deal with Goalz Restaurant Group |url=https://www.thefencepost.com/news/churchs-chicken-signs-franchise-development-deal-with-goalz-restaurant-group/ |access-date=June 8, 2021 |work=The Fence Post |date=May 30, 2017}}</ref>
Sepuluh tahun memilikinya, Friedman Fleischer & Lowe memutuskan menjual Church's (Texas) Chicken karena operasionalnya makin tidak menguntungkan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.restaurantdive.com/news/churchs-chicken-reportedly-on-the-market-for-350m/556854/|title=Church's Chicken reportedly on the market for $350M|website=Restaurant Dive|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref> Akhirnya pada 2 Agustus 2021, sebuah lembaga keuangan bernama High Bluff (lewat Rego Restaurant Group, pemilik [[Quiznos]] dan [[Taco del Mar]]), mengakuisisi kepemilikannya.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kelso |first1=Alicia |title=Church's Chicken Acquired By Investment Firm High Bluff Capital Partners |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/aliciakelso/2021/08/02/churchs-chicken-acquired-by-investment-firm-high-bluff-capital-partners/?sh=175be0443915 |access-date=31 August 2021 |work=Forbes |date=2 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
===Pasar internasional===
Periode 1970-an menjadi awal ekspansi Church's Chicken dengan membuka restoran di [[Kanada]], [[Meksiko]], [[Jepang]], dan [[Puerto Riko]].<ref name="Texas Canada history official website">{{cite web |title=Texas Canada History |url=https://www.churchschicken.ca/our-history/ |access-date=November 14, 2021 |work=Texas Canada |date=February 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127223802/https://www.churchschicken.ca/our-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Texas Malaysia history official website">{{cite web |title=Texas Malaysia History |url=https://www.texaschickenmalaysia.com/texas-chicken-history/ |access-date=November 14, 2021 |work=Texas Malaysia |date=July 8, 2021 }}</ref> Pada periode 1980-an, nama "Texas Chicken" mulai digunakan untuk pasaran internasional, dimulai di Indonesia, [[Malaysia]] dan [[Singapura]].<ref name="Texas Malaysia history official website"/><ref name="Texas Singapore history official website">{{cite web |title=Texas Singapore History |url=https://www.texaschicken.com.sg/company-history.html |access-date=November 14, 2021 |work=Texas Singapore |date=March 15, 2021 }}</ref> Nama Texas sengaja digunakan demi menyesuaikan masyarakat non-Kristen di negara-negara tersebut, mengingat "Church" berarti gereja.<ref>{{cite news |title=Weird Texas: Church's Chicken is known as Texas Chicken in other countries |url=https://www.chron.com/business/article/Church-s-Chicken-Texas-Chicken-Fast-Food-America-11230232.php |access-date=November 14, 2021 |work=Chron |date=Jun 20, 2017}}</ref> Afterwards, locations in Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, and the Philippines were also opened under the trade name "Texas Chicken".
Pada Februari 2008 Texas Chicken membuka gerai di [[Britania Raya]], dengan menggandeng eks-pewaralaba [[Dixy Chicken]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecaterer.com/news/restaurant/texas-chicken-to-challenge-kfc-in-uk?|title=Texas Chicken to challenge KFC in UK|website=The Caterer|date=6 February 2008|language=en-GB|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> Namun, hanya sedikit gerai yang berhasil dibuka, seperti di High Road Leytonstone, London, dan di [[Salford]], Greater Manchester.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/raver_mikey/6346155976|title=Texas Chicken, Salford|website=Flickr|date=16 August 2011 |language=en-GB|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> Mereka kemudian meninggalkan pasar Britania Raya dalam waktu singkat, dan kini lokasi di Leytonstone ditempati restoran sejenis bernama Tex Bites.
Hingga 2022, Church's Texas Chicken telah memiliki 1.500 gerai di seluruh dunia.<ref name=canada /> Beberapa pasar internasionalnya meliputi Bahrain, Belarus, Kamboja, Kanada, Curaçao, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, Irak, Yordania, [[Vientiane]] (Laos), Malaysia, Meksiko, Selandia Baru,<ref name="nz-texaschicken">{{Cite web|url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/08/26/texas-chicken-to-open-20-new-branches-in-nz/|title=Texas Chicken to open 20 new branches in NZ|first1=Jordan|last1=Lane|first2=Digital|last2=Reporter|website=1 News}}</ref> Oman, Pakistan, Puerto Riko, Arab Saudi, Qatar,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iloveqatar.net/dining/foodieNews/texas-chicken-opens-4th-branch-al-rayyan | title=Texas Chicken opens 4th branch in al Rayyan }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qatar.texaschicken.com/404.html?aspxerrorpath=/|title=Church's Texas Chicken™|website=qatar.texaschicken.com}}</ref> Singapura, St. Lucia, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, Uni Emirat Arab dan Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |title=International Locations |url=https://www.churchs.com/international-locations/ |website=Church's Chicken |access-date=May 7, 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Pako Texas Chicken Indonesia.jpg|thumb|120px|''Pako'', the Texas Chicken mascot for the chain's Indonesian market]]
==Produk==
[[File:Texas Chicken Wings 6.jpg|thumb|Sayap ayam dari Texas Chicken]]
Menu yang ditawarkan Church's Texas Chicken seperti ''chicken combo'', ''family meal'' dan ''tender''. Beberapa tambahan yang dapat ditemukan di AS, seperti fried okra, chicken fries, coleslaw, kentang tumbuk, jagung, biskuit dan cabai jalapeño. Adapun makanan penutup yang dijual seperti kue khas Texas dan pai apel.<ref name="junk" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Menu |url=https://www.churchs.com/menu/ |website=Church's Chicken |access-date=June 4, 2021}}</ref> Pada saat-saat tertentu restoran juga menyajikan makanan dari [[makanan laut]] seperti ikan dan udang goreng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church's Offers Garlic Butter Shrimp, Fish, and Tenders Plus Garlic Butter Packets for Limited Time |url=https://www.brandeating.com/2020/02/churchs-offers-new-garlic-butter-shrimp-fish-and-tenders-plus-garlic-butter-packets.html |website=Brand Eating |access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Seasonal Seafood Menu Returns to Church's Chicken with More Choices Than Ever Before |url=https://www.restaurantnews.com/seasonal-seafood-menu-returns-to-churchs-chicken-with-more-choices-than-ever-before-012918/ |website=RestaurantNews.com |access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref>
Adapun minumannya disuplai oleh [[The Coca-Cola Company]], sejak 1952.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Church's Extends Beverage Agreement with Coca-Cola |url=https://www.qsrmagazine.com/news/churchs-extends-beverage-agreement-coca-cola |magazine=QSR |location= |publisher= |date=January 24, 2008 |access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
Baris 35 ⟶ 52:
== Pranala luar ==
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* {{resmi|www.texaschicken.co.id|Texas Chicken Indonesia}}
* {{en}} [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/church-s-chicken-history/ Sejarah perusahaan]
{{Restoran hidangan ayam}}
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