Karpinus: Perbedaan antara revisi

|fossil_range = {{fossilrange|49.42|0}} [[Ypresian]] - [[Recent]]

|image = Carpinus foliage.jpg

|synonyms = ''Distegocarpus'' <small>Siebold & Zucc</small>

}}

'''Carpinus''' adalah [[pohon]] kayu keras dalam keluarga [[Betulaceae]]. Sebanyak 30–40 spesies terdapat di sebagian besar wilayah beriklim sedang di [[Belahan Bumi utara|Belahan Bumi Utara]].<ref name=Pigg2003>{{cite journal |last1=Pigg |first1=K.B. |last2=Manchester |first2=S.R. |last3=Wehr |first3=W.C. |year=2003 |title=''Corylus'', ''Carpinus'', and ''Palaeocarpinus'' (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America |journal= International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=164 |issue= 5 |pages=807–822 |doi=10.1086/376816|s2cid=19802370 }}</ref><ref name="Forest2005">{{cite journal |last1=Forest |first1=F. |last2=Savolainen |first2=V. |last3=Chase |first3=M. W. |last4=Lupia |first4=R. |last5=Bruneau |first5=A. |last6=Crane |first6=P. R. |year=2005 |title=Teasing apart molecular- versus fossil-based error estimates when dating phylogenetic trees: a case study in the birch family (Betulaceae) |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=118–133|doi=10.1600/0363644053661850 |s2cid=86080433 }}</ref><ref name=Stace>{{cite book|last=Stace|first=C. A.|author-link = Stace, C. A.|year=2010|title=New Flora of the British Isles|edition=Third|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location = Cambridge, UK| isbn=9780521707725}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cutler |first1=Tony |title=The world encyclopedia of trees : a reference and identification guide to 1300 of the world's most significant trees |publisher=Lorenz Books, [London, England?] |isbn=0754834751}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hornbeam, American (Musclewood) {{!}} Nebraska Forest Service |url=https://nfs.unl.edu/woody-plants/musclewood-hornbeam#:~:text=Tree%20Characteristics&text=The%20smooth%2C%20gray%20trunk%20and,member%20of%20the%20birch%20family. |website=nfs.unl.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The complete encyclopedia of trees of the world : the ultimate reference and identification guide to more than 1300 of the most spectacular, best-loved and unusual trees around the globe, with 3000 specially commissioned illustrations, maps and photographs |isbn=1015282601}}</ref><ref name=kewchecklist/><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=105705 Flora of China, Vol. 4 Page 289, <big>鹅耳枥属</big> e er li shu, ''Carpinus'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753. ]</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=105705 Flora of North America, Vol. 3, Hornbeam, ''Carpinus'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 432, 1754. ]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index2.php?scientific-name=carpinus+betulus |title=''Carpinus betulus'' L. |website=Altervista Flora Italiana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Carpinus |title=2013 BONAP North American Plant Atlas. TaxonMaps |publisher=Biota of North America Program}}</ref><ref name="GardenPlants">{{cite book|title=Carpinus betulus|publisher=2.nd Ed., The Royal Horticultural Society, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, London, pp. 234, 235}}</ref><ref name=MP>{{cite book|title=Miscellaneous Publication|date=1972|publisher=[[U.S. Department of Agriculture]]|page=297|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qckjAQAAMAAJ&q=Hornbeam+larvae&pg=PA297}}</ref><ref name="nottingham science">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/E3H3ElNggeo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224911/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3H3ElNggeo&list=PL3E28E3F38ACCE317 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3H3ElNggeo |title=The Hornbeam's Heartbeat |last1=Eichhorn |first1=Markus |last2=Haran |first2=Brady |date=2011-12-01 |website=test-tube.org.uk |publisher=[[University of Nottingham]] |access-date=2012-12-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="kewchecklist">{{Cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=34286 |title=''Carpinus'' L., Sp. Pl.: 998 (1753) |website=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]}}</ref>

== Referensi ==