Penyelidikan pendakwaan terhadap Donald Trump: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{see|Upaya pemakzulanpengithaman Donald Trump}}

PemakzulanPengithaman Donald Trump telah diupayakan oleh sejumlah orang dan kelompok yang percaya [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden]] [[Donald Trump]] terlibat aktivitas-aktivitas tertentu sehingga layak dimakzulkandiitham.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-impeachment-effort-website-rootsaction-emoluments-clause-conflict-of-interest-ethics-a7538406.html|title=Website aiming to impeach Donald Trump so popular it crashed|last=Revesz|first=Rachael|date=January 20, 2017|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=January 20, 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120211704/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-impeachment-effort-website-rootsaction-emoluments-clause-conflict-of-interest-ethics-a7538406.html|archivedate=January 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/01/20/the-campaign-to-impeach-president-trump-has-begun/|title=The campaign to impeach President Trump has begun|last=Gold|first=Matea|date=January 20, 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=January 20, 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122053553/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/01/20/the-campaign-to-impeach-president-trump-has-begun/|archivedate=January 22, 2017}}</ref> PemakzulanPengithaman sudah dibahas sejak Trump belum dilantik.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/12/democrats-pave-the-way-to-impeach-donald-trump|title=Democrats Are Paving the Way to Impeach Donald Trump|last=Fox|first=Emily Jane|date=December 15, 2016|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202065755/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/12/democrats-pave-the-way-to-impeach-donald-trump|archivedate=February 2, 2015|accessdate=December 15, 2016}}</ref> Upaya pemakzulanpengithaman resmi dirintis oleh Anggota DPR [[Al Green (politikus)|Al Green]] (D) dan [[Brad Sherman]] (D) pada 2017, tahun pertama masa kepresidenan Trump.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/06/07/reps-green-and-sherman-announce-plan-to-file-articles-impeachment.html|title=Reps. Green and Sherman announce plan to file articles of impeachment|last=Singman|first=Brooke|date=June 7, 2017|accessdate=June 7, 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607221025/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/06/07/reps-green-and-sherman-announce-plan-to-file-articles-impeachment.html|archivedate=June 7, 2017|publisher=[[Fox News]]}}</ref><ref>Draft resolutions: {{cite web|last=Sherman|first=Brad|title=Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.|date=June 12, 2017|url=https://sherman.house.gov/sites/sherman.house.gov/files/SHERMA_017_xml.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612192534/http://sherman.house.gov/sites/sherman.house.gov/files/SHERMA_017_xml.pdf|publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]]|accessdate=June 12, 2017|archivedate=June 12, 2017|authorlink=Brad Sherman|url-status=live}} and {{cite periodical|last=Green|first=Al|title=Calling for Impeachment of the President|date=May 17, 2017|url=https://www.congress.gov/crec/2017/05/17/CREC-2017-05-17-pt1-PgH4227-5.pdf|work=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=63|number=85|pages=H4227–H4228|publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]]|accessdate=May 17, 2017|authorlink=Al Green (politician)|magazine=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801200745/https://www.congress.gov/crec/2017/05/17/CREC-2017-05-17-pt1-PgH4227-5.pdf|archive-date=August 1, 2017|url-status=live}} ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9Au1cwXN8M video at YouTube] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609214304/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9Au1cwXN8M |date=June 9, 2017 }})</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/democratic-rep-sherman-files-article-of-impeachment-against-trump|title=Democratic Rep. Sherman Drafts Article of Impeachment Against Trump|last=McPherson|first=Lindsey|date=June 12, 2017|work=Roll Call|accessdate=June 12, 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701234304/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/democratic-rep-sherman-files-article-of-impeachment-against-trump|archivedate=July 1, 2017}}</ref> Pada Desember 2017, resolusi pemakzulanpengithaman tidak diloloskan oleh DPR yang dikuasai fraksi Republik dengan perolehan suara 58–364.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mike |last=DeBonis |date=December 6, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/12/06/house-democratic-leaders-oppose-texas-lawmakers-trump-impeachment-effort/ |title=House votes to kill Texas lawmaker's Trump impeachment effort |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207002738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/12/06/house-democratic-leaders-oppose-texas-lawmakers-trump-impeachment-effort/ |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate= December 6, 2017 }}</ref>

Partai Demokrat menguasai DPR pada [[pemilihan umum Amerika Serikat 2018|pemilu 2018]] dan langsung menyelidiki keputusan dan kondisi keuangan Trump.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democrats-eye-house-takeover-to-challenge-trump-as-gop-tries-to-hang-on/2018/11/06/2c4ff3a0-e200-11e8-8f5f-a55347f48762_story.html|title=Democrats take House, breaking up GOP’s total control of government|last=Werner|first=Erica|date=November 7, 2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=September 24, 2019|last2=DeBonis|first2=Mike|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925023527/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democrats-eye-house-takeover-to-challenge-trump-as-gop-tries-to-hang-on/2018/11/06/2c4ff3a0-e200-11e8-8f5f-a55347f48762_story.html|archive-date=September 25, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/politics/trump-obstruction.html|title=With Sweeping Document Request, Democrats Launch Broad Trump Corruption Inquiry|last=Fandos|first=Nicholas|date=March 4, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 24, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904112517/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/politics/trump-obstruction.html|archive-date=September 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 17 Januari 2019, Trump dituduh menyuruh pengacara langganannya, [[Michael Cohen (pengacara)|Michael Cohen]], untuk berbohong di atas sumpah dalam penyelidikan keterlibatan Trump dengan pemerintah Rusia dalam proyek [[Trump Tower Moscow|Trump Tower di Moskow]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jasonleopold/trump-russia-cohen-moscow-tower-mueller-investigation|title=President Trump Directed His Attorney Michael Cohen To Lie To Congress About The Moscow Tower Project|date=January 17, 2019|work=[[Buzzfeed News]]|accessdate=January 18, 2019|url-status=live|last=Leopold|first=Jason|last2=Cormier|first2=Anthony|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118032157/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jasonleopold/trump-russia-cohen-moscow-tower-mueller-investigation|archive-date=January 18, 2019}}</ref> Berbagai pihak segera menuntut penindakan dan meminta presiden "mundur atau dimakzulkandiitham" apabila tuduhan ini terbukti benar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-cohen-ordered-lie-congress-russia-mueller-investigation-impeach-resign-buzzfeed-a8733961.html|title=Trump told to 'resign or be impeached' if reports he instructed attorney Cohen to lie to congress are proven|date=January 18, 2019|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=January 18, 2019|url-status=live|first=Tom|last=Barnes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118131236/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-cohen-ordered-lie-congress-russia-mueller-investigation-impeach-resign-buzzfeed-a8733961.html|archive-date=January 18, 2019}}</ref>

[[Laporan Mueller]], dirilis tanggal 18 April 2019, tidak menjawab apakah Trump bertindak pidana dengan menghambat proses peradilan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-mueller/mueller-says-he-did-not-exonerate-trump-us-policy-precluded-charges-idUSKCN1UJ0DF|title=Mueller says Trump was not exonerated; Trump declares victory|last=Morgan|first=David|date=July 24, 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=July 27, 2019|last2=Wolfe|first2=Jan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727133528/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-mueller/mueller-says-he-did-not-exonerate-trump-us-policy-precluded-charges-idUSKCN1UJ0DF|archive-date=July 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Mueller mengatakan bahwa Kongres berwenang untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut. Kongres kemudian mendukung dimulainya proses pemakzulanpengithaman.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/29/robert-mueller-statement-fresh-democratic-calls-impeach-trump/1269755001/|title=Democratic calls for Donald Trump impeachment grow after Mueller's first public remarks|last=Hayes|first=Christal|date=May 29, 2019|work=USA Today|accessdate=June 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602133927/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/29/robert-mueller-statement-fresh-democratic-calls-impeach-trump/1269755001/|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Ketua DPR]] [[Nancy Pelosi]] awalnya menolak desakan pemakzulanpengithaman presiden.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation/pelosi-impeaching-trump-just-not-worth-it/|title=Pelosi waves off impeachment, says it would divide country|last=Jalonick|first=Mary Clare|date=March 11, 2019|newspaper=The Seattle Times|access-date=September 24, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710160659/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation/pelosi-impeaching-trump-just-not-worth-it/|archive-date=July 10, 2019|agency=The Associated Press|last2=Mascaro|first2=Lisa|language=en-US}}</ref> Pada Mei 2019, ia mengatakan apabila Trump terus-menerus melakukan tindakan yang menghambat proses peradilan dan tidak menghormati surat panggilan kongres, Kongres akan memulai proses pemakzulanpengithaman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/07/nancy-pelosi-trump-is-goading-democrats-to-impeach-him-to-solidify-his-base.html|title=Nancy Pelosi: Trump is 'goading' Democrats to impeach him to solidify his base|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|last2=Wilkie|first2=Christina|date=May 7, 2019|website=CNBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520120807/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/07/nancy-pelosi-trump-is-goading-democrats-to-impeach-him-to-solidify-his-base.html|archive-date=May 20, 2019|access-date=May 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/09/politics/pelosi-congress-impeachment-trump/index.html|title=Pelosi: Trump 'is almost self-impeaching because he is every day demonstrating more obstruction of justice'|last=Foran|first=Clare|date=May 9, 2019|work=CNN|accessdate=May 23, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523174735/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/09/politics/pelosi-congress-impeachment-trump/index.html|archive-date=May 23, 2019|last2=Serfaty|first2=Sunlen|last3=Killough|first3=Ashley}}</ref> Fraksi Demokrat dan satu anggota fraksi [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|Republik]], [[Justin Amash]] (Michigan),{{Efn|Justin Amash keluar dari Partai Republik pada 4 Juli 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/rep-justin-amash-announces-he-s-leaving-republican-party-n1026561|title=Rep. Justin Amash announces he's leaving Republican Party|last=Burman|first=Max|date=July 4, 2019|work=NBC News|access-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>|group=note}} terus menuntut pemakzulanpengithaman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/18/politics/justin-amash-trump-impeachable-conduct/index.html|title=GOP Rep. Amash becomes first Republican to say Trump 'engaged in impeachable conduct'|last=Watkins|first=Eli|last2=Bohn|first2=Kevin|date=May 19, 2019|website=CNN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519184133/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/18/politics/justin-amash-trump-impeachable-conduct/index.html|archive-date=May 19, 2019|access-date=September 24, 2019}}</ref>

* [https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/hres13/BILLS-116hres13ih.pdf H. Res.13] diajukan pada tanggal 3 Januari 2019 oleh Anggota DPR Brad Sherman ([[Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)|D]]-California)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/brad-sherman-introduce-impeachment-articles-trump-first-day-democratic-congress|title=Brad Sherman to introduce impeachment articles against Trump on first day of Democratic Congress|last=Connolly|first=Griffin|date=January 3, 2019|work=Roll Call|access-date=September 24, 2019|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103231104/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/brad-sherman-introduce-impeachment-articles-trump-first-day-democratic-congress|archive-date=January 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>—langsung diteruskan kekepada [[Komisi Kehakiman Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Komisi Kehakiman]] dan [[Subkomisi Kehakiman Bidang Konstitusi, Hak Sipil, dan Kebebasan Sipil Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Subkomisi Konstitusi, Hak Sipil, dan Kebebasan Sipil]] pada 4 Februari 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/13/all-actions|title=Actions – H.Res.13 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.|date=February 4, 2019|website=Congress.gov|publisher=United States House of Representatives|url-status=live|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925023516/https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/13/all-actions|archive-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>

* [https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/hres257/BILLS-116hres257ih.pdf H.Res. 257] diajukan pada tanggal 27 Maret 2019 oleh Anggota DPR [[Rashida Tlaib]] (D-Michigan)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/27/politics/rashida-tlaib-impeachment-resolution/index.html|title=Tlaib formally submits impeachment resolution|last=Serfaty|first=Sunlen|last2=Killough|first2=Ashley|date=March 27, 2019|website=CNN|url-status=live|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925023515/https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/27/politics/rashida-tlaib-impeachment-resolution/index.html|archive-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>—diteruskan kekepada [[Komisi Tata Tertib Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Komisi Tata Tertib]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/257/all-actions|title=Actions – H.Res.257 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Inquiring whether the House of Representatives should impeach Donald John Trump, President of the United States of America.|date=March 27, 2019|website=Congress.gov|publisher=United States House of Representatives|url-status=live|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417224733/https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/257/all-actions|archive-date=April 17, 2019}}</ref>

* [https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/hres396/BILLS-116hres396ih.pdf H.Res. 396] diajukan pada tanggal 22 Mei 2019 oleh Anggota DPR [[Sheila Jackson Lee]] (D-Texas)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/05/house-democrats-inquiry-investigation-impeachment.html|title=House Democrat Announces Plan to (Deep Breath) Introduce Inquiry Into Investigating Whether to Consider Impeachment|last=Mathis-Lilley|first=Ben|date=May 21, 2019|website=Slate Magazine|language=en|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101834/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/05/house-democrats-inquiry-investigation-impeachment.html|archive-date=August 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>—diteruskan kekepada Komisi Tata Tertib<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/396/all-actions|title=Actions – H.Res.396 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Authorizing and directing the Committee on the Judiciary to investigate whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise the power vested by article 1, section 2, clause 5 of the Constitution in respect to acts of misconduct by Donald John Trump, President of the United States.|date=May 23, 2019|website=Congress.gov|url-status=live|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925023518/https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/396/all-actions|archive-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>

Pada 25 September 2019, sedikitnya 214 anggota fraksi Demokrat dan 1 anggota fraksi independen mendukung dimulainya proses pemakzulanpengithaman presiden.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/politics/trump-impeachment-congress-list.html|title=Complete List: Who Supports an Impeachment Inquiry Against Trump?|website=The New York Times|date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>

Pada pukul 16:00 [[Zona Waktu Timur|EDT]] tanggal 25 September, keluhan penyingkap aib diteruskan kekepada Kongres.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-whistleblower-complaint-dni-to-provide-congress-with-whistleblower-complaint-today-live-updates-2019-09-25/|title=DNI to provide Congress with whistleblower complaint — live updates|last=Segers|first=Grace|date=September 25, 2019|website=CBS News|language=en-US|url-status=live|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref>

Pada malam hari tanggal 24 September, Pelosi mengumumkan bahwa enam komisi DPR akan memulai proses pemakzulanpengithaman Presiden Trump. Pelosi menuduh Trump melanggar [[sumpah jabatan Presiden Amerika Serikat|sumpah jabatannya]], mengancam [[keamanan nasional Amerika Serikat]], dan membahayakan integritas pemilihan umum.<ref name="WashPo 2019-09-24" /><ref name="nytimes2019-09-24" /><ref name="NBC News n1058251" /> Enam komisi yang ditugaskan dalam proses ini adalah Komisi [[Komisi Layanan Keuangan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Layanan Keuangan]], [[Komisi Kehakiman Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Kehakiman]], [[Komisi Khusus Permanen Intelijen Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Intelijen]], [[Komisi Luar Negeri Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Luar Negeri]], [[Komisi Pengawasan dan Reformasi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Pengawasan dan Reformasi]], dan [[Komisi Peninjauan Anggaran Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Peninjauan Anggaran]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry|title=Pelosi announces formal impeachment inquiry, but leaves some questions|last=McPherson|first=Lindsey|date=September 24, 2019|work=Roll Call|access-date=September 25, 2019|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924234239/https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry|archive-date=September 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[PemakzulanPengithaman Andrew Johnson]]

* [[Proses pemakzulanpengithaman Richard Nixon]]

* [[PemakzulanPengithaman Bill Clinton]]

* [[Daftar presiden yang dimakzulkandiitham]]

== ReferensiRujukan ==

[[Kategori:PemakzulanPengithaman di Amerika Serikat]]