Bahasa Indonesia: Perbedaan antara revisi

Kosakata bahasa Indonesia juga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa bahasa lokal di wilayah kepulauan Indonesia (misalnya: bahasa {{PBahasa|Jawa}}, {{PBahasa|Minangkabau}}, {{PBahasa|Bugis}}, {{PBahasa|Makasar}}, dan lain sebagainya),<ref name="The Indonesian Language 2004. Page 14">[[James Neil Sneddon]]. ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society''. UNSW Press, 2004.</ref> serta dari bahasa asing yang disebabkan oleh kontak sejarah dan keterikatan sejarah dengan bahasa lain dari wilayah lainnya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.daytranslations.com/blog/global-importance-indonesian-language/|title=Global Importance of Indonesia and the Indonesian Language|lang=en|trans-title=Pentingnya Indonesia dan Bahasa Indonesia dalam Ranah Global|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2018|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913051020/https://www.daytranslations.com/blog/global-importance-indonesian-language/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Bahasa Indonesia memiliki banyak [[kata serapan]] yang berasal dari bahasa-bahasa Eropa, terutama dari bahasa [[bahasa Belanda|Belanda]], [[bahasa Portugis|Portugis]], [[bahasa Spanyol|Spanyol]], dan [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]. Bahasa Indonesia juga memiliki [[kata serapan]] yang berasal dari bahasa [[Bahasa Sanskerta|Sanskerta]], [[Bahasa Tionghoa|Tionghoa]], dan [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]] yang membaur menjadi elemen dalam bahasa Indonesia yang terpengaruh karena adanya faktor-faktor seperti aktivitas perdagangan maupun religius yang telah berlangsung sejak zaman kuno di wilayah [[kepulauan Indonesia]].

 

 

Meskipun dipahami dan dituturkan oleh lebih dari 90% warga Indonesia, bahasa Indonesia bukanlah [[bahasa ibu]] bagi kebanyakan penuturnya. Sebagian besar warga Indonesia menggunakan salah satu dari [[Daftar bahasa di Indonesia|748 bahasa yang ada di Indonesia]] sebagai [[bahasa ibu]].<ref>[http://www.bahasakita.com/news/depdiknas-terbitkan-peta-bahasa/ Depdiknas Terbitkan Peta Bahasa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429103749/http://www.bahasakita.com/news/depdiknas-terbitkan-peta-bahasa/ |date=2010-04-29 }} Blog BahasaKita 4 Maret 2009, mirror dari berita AntaraOnline edisi 22 Oktober 2008.</ref> Istilah "bahasa Indonesia" paling umum dikaitkan dengan [[bahasa baku|bentuk baku]] yang digunakan dalam situasi resmi.<ref name=:0 /> Ragam bahasa baku tersebut berhubungan [[diglosia|diglosik]] dengan bentuk-bentuk bahasa Melayu vernakular yang digunakan sebagai peranti komunikasi sehari-hari.<ref name=:0>{{cite journal |first = James |last = Sneddon |title = Diglossia in Indonesian |journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |year = 2003 |issn = 0006-2294 |volume = 159 |number = 4 |page = 519–549 |url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/27868068 |access-date = 2019-09-29 |archive-date = 2019-09-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190929165801/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27868068 |dead-url = no }}</ref> Artinya, penutur bahasa Indonesia kerap kali menggunakan ragam sehari-hari dan/atau mencampuradukkan dengan dialek Melayu lainnya atau bahasa ibunya. Meskipun demikian, bahasa Indonesia digunakan sangat luas di perguruan-perguruan, di media massa, sastra, perangkat lunak, surat-menyurat resmi, dan berbagai forum publik lainnya,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ohio.edu/LINGUISTICS/indonesian/index.html |title=''Why Indonesian is important to learn''. Situs web pengajaran bahasa Indonesia di Universitas Negeri Ohio. |access-date=2009-10-08 |archive-date=2010-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613005120/http://www.ohio.edu/linguistics/indonesian/index.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> sehingga dapatlah dikatakan bahwa bahasa Indonesia digunakan oleh semua warga Indonesia. Selain dalam skala nasional, bahasa Indonesia juga diakui sebagai salah satu bahasa resmi di negara lain seperti [[Timor Leste]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|title=East Timor Languages|language=en|trans-title=Bahasa-bahasa Timor Leste|website=www.easttimorgovernment.com|access-date=21 Maret 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130633/http://easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|archive-date=4 Maret 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Berlie2017ch1">{{cite book |last1=Berlie |first1=Jean A. |title=East Timor's Independence, Indonesia and ASEAN |date=1 Oktober 2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319626307 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6EQ4DwAAQBAJ |ref=Berlie2007ch1 |chapter=A Socio-Historical Essay: Traditions, Indonesia, Independence, and Elections |access-date=2023-03-31 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326152317/https://books.google.com/books?id=6EQ4DwAAQBAJ |dead-url=no }}</ref>{{rp|3}}<ref name="thejakartapost.com">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/20/timor-leste-tetum-portuguese-bahasa-indonesia-or-english.html |title=Timor Leste, Tetum, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia or English? |last=Ramos-Horta |first=J. |date=20 April 2012 |work=The Jakarta Post |language=en |author-link=José Manuel Ramos-Horta |access-date=2023-03-31 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225013449/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/20/timor-leste-tetum-portuguese-bahasa-indonesia-or-english.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Bahasa Indonesia juga secara resmi diajarkan dan digunakan di sekolah, universitas maupun institusi di seluruh dunia, terutama di [[Australia]], [[Belanda]], [[Jepang]], [[Korea Selatan]], [[Timor Leste]], [[Vietnam]], [[Taiwan]], [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Inggris]], dll.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/education/217807/indonesian-language-officially-taught-at-vietnam-national-university.html|title=Indonesian Language Officially Taught at Vietnam National University|website=english.vietnamnet.vn|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2022-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701193026/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/education/217807/indonesian-language-officially-taught-at-vietnam-national-university.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kansai.jpf.go.jp/en/news/2017/05/indonesian-thai-and-spanish-language-versions-of-the-marugoto-a1-japanese-online-course-are-now-avai.html|title=Indonesian, Thai, and Spanish language versions of the 'Marugoto (A1) Japanese Online Course' are now available|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=kansai.jpf.go.jp|publisher=Japanese-Language Institute, Kansai|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913065140/https://kansai.jpf.go.jp/en/news/2017/05/indonesian-thai-and-spanish-language-versions-of-the-marugoto-a1-japanese-online-course-are-now-avai.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cltr.asia.edu.tw/files/15-1028-57989,c1693-1.php?Lang=en|title=The Indonesian, Vietnamese and Thai Language Courses|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=cltr.asia.edu.tw|publisher=Center for the Development of Language Teaching and Research, Asia University|location=Taiwan (Republic of China)|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913065144/https://cltr.asia.edu.tw/files/15-1028-57989,c1693-1.php?Lang=en|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sas.fas.harvard.edu/bahasa-indonesia|title=Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language)|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=sas.fas.harvard.edu|publisher=Harvard University: Faculty of Arts and Sciences|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018200303/https://sas.fas.harvard.edu/bahasa-indonesia|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridgeinternational.org/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-igcse-indonesian-foreign-language-0545/|title=Cambridge IGCSE Indonesian - Foreign Language|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=cambridgeinternational.org|publisher=Cambridge University Press & Assessment|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913065139/https://www.cambridgeinternational.org/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-igcse-indonesian-foreign-language-0545/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://arts.adelaide.edu.au/study-with-us/undergraduate/indonesian-studies|title=Indonesian Studies|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=arts.adelaide.edu.au|publisher=The University of Adelaide, Australia|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913065332/https://arts.adelaide.edu.au/study-with-us/undergraduate/indonesian-studies|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://arts.unimelb.edu.au/asia-institute/discipline-areas/indonesian|title=Indonesia’s geographic proximity and strategic importance to Australia make it vital to understand its peoples, politics, history, languages and cultures|work=The University of Melbourne|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913070657/https://arts.unimelb.edu.au/asia-institute/discipline-areas/indonesian|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.monash.edu/arts/languages-literatures-cultures-linguistics/indonesian-studies |title=Indonesian studies |author=<!--Not stated--> |website= |publisher=Monash University, Australia |access-date=2021-09-13 |archive-date=2021-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913065205/https://www.monash.edu/arts/languages-literatures-cultures-linguistics/indonesian-studies |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/creativity-and-crisis-teaching-indonesian-in-australian-schools|title=Teaching Indonesian in Australian Schools|author=Hamish Curry|work=The University of Melbourne|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913065150/https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/creativity-and-crisis-teaching-indonesian-in-australian-schools|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sydney.edu.au/arts/schools/school-of-languages-and-cultures/department-of-indonesian-studies.html|title=Department of Indonesian Studies|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=www.sydney.edu.au|publisher=The University of Sydney, Australia|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2021-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913065139/https://www.sydney.edu.au/arts/schools/school-of-languages-and-cultures/department-of-indonesian-studies.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>