Naltrekson: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Naltrexone''' adalah [[Medikasi|obat]] yang digunakan untuk mengatasi individu yang mengalami ketergantungan alkohol ataupun opioid . <ref name="AHFS2017"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="252">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html "Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="253">''Drugs.com''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="254">American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="255">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html Archived] from the original on 9 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="256"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2017</span>.</span></cite></ref> Untuk penggunaan obat ini pada individu ketergantungan obat golongan opioid direkomendasikan untuk melakukan detoksifikasi. <ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|archive-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> Rute pemberian obat ini melalui oral dan melalui [[penyuntikan intraotot]] . <ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|archive-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> Efek terapi membutuhkan waktu 30 menit. <ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|archive-date=9 November 2017}}</ref>

Kejadian efek samping yang mungkin bisa muncul yakni[[insomnia]], [[kegelisahan]], [[Mual|rasa mual]], dan juga [[sakit kepala]] . <ref name="AHFS2017"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="252">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html "Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="253">''Drugs.com''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="254">American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="255">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html Archived] from the original on 9 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="256"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2017</span>.</span></cite></ref> Pada individu yang masih menggunakan obat-obatan opioid, bisa mengalami sindrom penghentian opioid. <ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|archive-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> Untuk penderita gagal hati tidak direkomendasikan untuk menggunakan obat ini. <ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|archive-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> Penggunaan untuk ibu [[Kehamilan|hamil]] masih belum diketahui tingkat keamanannya. <ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|archive-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|date=July 2017|title=Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant Women|journal=Pharmacotherapy|volume=37|issue=7|pages=824–839|doi=10.1002/phar.1958|pmid=28543191|vauthors=Tran TH, Griffin BL, Stone RH, Vest KM, Todd TJ}}</ref> Naltrexone merupakan golongan antagonis opioid dan memiliki mekanisme kerja dengan cara memblokir efek opioid, baik yang [[Endorfin|berasal dari dalam]] maupun luar tubuh. <ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html|archive-date=9 November 2017}}</ref>

Obat ini pertama kali dibuat di tahun 1965 dan disetujui untuk penggunaannya secara medis di Amerika Serikat di tahun 1984. <ref name="AHFS2017"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="252">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html "Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="253">''Drugs.com''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="254">American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="255">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134845/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naltrexone.html Archived] from the original on 9 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="256"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2017</span>.</span></cite></ref> <ref name="Sad2012">{{Cite book|last=Sadock|first=Benjamin J.|last2=Sadock|first2=Virginia A.|last3=Sussman|first3=Norman|date=2012|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=qp-H3UruKvIC&pg=PT265|title=Kaplan & Sadock's Pocket Handbook of Psychiatric Drug Treatment|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781451154467|page=265|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042100/https://books.google.ca/books?id=qp-H3UruKvIC&pg=PT265|archive-date=2017-12-05|url-status=live}}</ref> Obat ini masuk ke dalam [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] .