|
<!-- Clinical data -->
| class = [[Mood stabilizer]]
| uses = [[Bipolar disorder]], [[major depressive disorder]]<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref>
| side_effects = [[polyuria|Increased urination]], shakiness of the hands, increased thirst<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref>
| interactions = <!-- notable interactions -->
| pregnancy_AU = D
| protein_bound = None
| metabolism = Kidney
| elimination_half-life= 24 h, 36 h (elderly)<ref name=AHFS2015 />
| elimination_half-life= 24 h, 36 h (elderly)<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref>
| excretion = >95% [[kidney]]
}}
'''Litium''', (''Lithium'') atau dikenal juga dengan nama '''garam litium''', adalah senyawa yang digunakan dalam pengobatan psikiatris . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{Citecite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|url-status=live|access-dateaccessdate=Dec 1, 2015|archive-url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archive-datearchivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Senyawa Litium bisa digunakan untuk mengatasi [[gangguan bipolar]] dan juga membantu pasien dengan [[gangguan depresi mayor]] yang tidak ada perbaikan pasca penggunaan obat [[antidepresan]] . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Penggunaannya litium bisa menurunkan risiko [[bunuh diri]] . <ref name="2013LiPrevSuicide">{{Cite journal|last=Cipriani|first=A|last2=Hawton|first2=K|last3=Stockton|first3=S|last4=Geddes|first4=JR|date=27 June 2013|title=Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3646.long|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=346|pages=f3646|doi=10.1136/bmj.f3646|pmid=23814104|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507221354/https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3646.long|archive-date=7 May 2018|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Rute pemberian obat melalui oral . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref>
Kejadian efek samping yang umum pada penggunaan obat ini seperti [[poliuria]], [[tremor]], dan meningkatkan rasa haus. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html "Lithium Salts"]. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html Archived] from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Efek samping yang serius pada penggunaan obat ini antara lain [[hipotiroidisme]], [[diabetes insipidus]], dan toksisitas litium . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Penggunaan obat ini direkomendasikan untuk dilakukannya pemantauan konsentrasi darah agar mengurangi risiko toksisitas. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Apabila kadarnya terlalu tinggi dalam darah, berpotensi terjadinya diare, muntah, motorik yang buruk, mengantuk, dan [[Tinitus|telinga berdenging]] dapat terjadi. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Penggunaan untuk ibu hamil bisa membuat masalah pada bayi. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Cukup aman digunakan untuk ibu [[menyusui]] . <ref name="Lithium use while Breastfeeding">{{Cite web|date=2015-03-10|title=Lithium use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html|publisher=LactMed|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208194527/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html|archive-date=8 December 2015|access-date=1 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Garam litium masuk klasifikasi sebagai golongan penstabil suasana hati . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Mekanisme kerja dari litium belum diketahui secara pasti. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref>
Di abad 19, senyawa litium digunakan pada penderita asam urat, [[epilepsi]], dan kanker. <ref name="Sne2005">{{Cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|date=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63|title=Drug discovery : a history|location=Chichester|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780471899792|edition=Rev. and updated|page=63|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908170953/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63|archive-date=2017-09-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Penggunaan obat ini untuk pengobatan [[gangguan jiwa]] dimulai pada tahun 1948 oleh John Cade di Australia. <ref name="Sne2005">{{cite book|last1=Sneader|first1=Walter|title=Drug discovery : a history|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=9780471899792|page=63|edition=Rev. and updated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908170953/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63|archivedate=2017-09-08}}</ref> Litium masuk ke dalam [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] . <ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|year=2019|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|location=Geneva|publisher=World Health Organization|hdl=10665/325771|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|author-link=World Health Organization|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Sudah tersedia sebagai [[obat generik]] . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html "Lithium Salts"]. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html Archived] from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref>
== Referensi ==
| 