|
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=|protein_bound=0 to 9% ''in vitro''|metabolism=[[Liver]]|elimination_half-life=2 hours|excretion=<!-- Chemical and physical data -->|Br=1|C=20|H=30|N=1|O=3|chemical_formula=|smiles=CC(C)[N+]1(C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C.[Br-]|StdInChI=1S/C20H30NO3.BrH/c1-14(2)21(3)16-9-10-17(21)12-18(11-16)24-20(23)19(13-22)15-7-5-4-6-8-15;/h4-8,14,16-19,22H,9-13H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1/t16-,17+,18+,19?,21?;|StdInChI_comment=|StdInChIKey=LHLMOSXCXGLMMN-WDTICOSOSA-M|density=|melting_point=|melting_high=|melting_notes=|boiling_point=|boiling_notes=|solubility=|specific_rotation=}}
'''Ipratropium bromida''' (Ipratropium bromida), adalah obat yang [[bronkodilator]]. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Ipratropium Bromide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}</ref> Obat ini digunakan untuk mengatasi gejala [[Penyakit paru obstruktif kronis|penyakit paru obstruktif kronik]] dan [[asma]] . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Ipratropium Bromide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 2, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Rute pemberian obat melalui oral, sediaan yang tersedia yang ada yakni inhaler atau [[Penghalimun|nebulizer]] . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Ipratropium Bromide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 2, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Onset terapi obat membutuhkan waktu 15 hingga 30 menit dan berlangsung selama 3 hingga 5 jam. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Ipratropium Bromide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 2, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref>
Kejadian efek samping yang umum dalam penggunaan obat ini seperti mulut kering, batuk, dan [[bronkitis]]. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Ipratropium Bromide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html "Ipratropium Bromide"]. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html Archived] from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Kejadian efek samping serius dalam penggunaan obat ini yakni [[retensi urin]], kejang saluran napas yang memburuk, dan [[anafilaksis]]. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Ipratropium Bromide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 2, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Penggunaan obat ini aman untuk ibu [[Kehamilan|hamil]] dan ibu [[menyusui]]. <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Ipratropium Bromide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 2, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Yaffe|first=Gerald G. Briggs, Roger K. Freeman, Sumner J.|date=2011|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&lpg=PR1&dq=Ipratropium%20discovery%201986&pg=PA763|title=Drugs in pregnancy and lactation : a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1-60831-708-0|edition=9th|page=763|access-date=5 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305045037/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&lpg=PR1&dq=Ipratropium%20discovery%201986&pg=PA763|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ipratropium masuk golongan obat antagonis muskarinik, memiiliki efek [[antikolinergik]], yang memiliki mekanisme kerja dengan cara mengendurkan [[otot polos]] . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Ipratropium Bromide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 2, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163623/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ipratropium-bromide.html|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref>
Ipratropium bromida pertama kali dipatenkan di tahun 1966, dan disetujui dalam penggunaan medis di tahun 1974. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|date=2006|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA446|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-60749-5|page=446|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013404/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA446|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Obat ipratropium bromida masuk kedalam [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] . <ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|year=2019|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|location=Geneva|publisher=World Health Organization|hdl=10665/325771|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|author-link=World Health Organization}}</ref> Ipratropium juga sudah tersedia dalam bentuk obat generik dan tidak mahal. <ref name="Hitch2019">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=72-73|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|archive-date=22 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
