Mikrobiologi Tanah: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

== Hubungan Mikroba Tanah dengan Tumbuhan ==

Tanaman menunjukkan berbagai interaksi dengan organisme tanah, seperti simbiosis mutualistik dengan jamur mikoriza dan bakteri pengikat nitrogen pada kacang-kacangan. Interaksi ini telah dimanfaatkan manusia sejak lama, seperti pelapisan benih dengan bakteri seperti ''Azotobacter chroococcum'' atau ''Bacillus megaterium'' untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Sejak tahun 1980-an, berbagai strain bakteri, seperti ''Pseudomonas'' dan ''Azospirillum'', telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jacoby|first=Richard|last2=Peukert|first2=M|last3=Succurro|first3=A|last4=Koprivova|first4=A|last5=Kopriva|first5=S|date=2017|title=The Role of Soil Microorganisms in Plant Mineral Nutrition—Current Knowledge and Future Directions|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5610682/|journal=Front Plant Sci|volume=8|issue=1617|doi=10.3389/fpls.2017.01617}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Morton|first=Alan G.|date=1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_toPAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+Botanical+Science.+An+account+of+the+development+of+botany+from+ancient+times+to+the+present+day.&q=History+of+Botanical+Science.+An+account+of+the+development+of+botany+from+ancient+times+to+the+present+day.&hl=id|title=History of Botanical Science: An Account of the Development of Botany from Ancient Times to the Present Day|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-508380-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=M E|date=1974-09|title=Seed and Root Bacterization|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.py.12.090174.001145|journal=Annual Review of Phytopathology|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=181–197|doi=10.1146/annurev.py.12.090174.001145|issn=0066-4286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burr|first=T. J.|date=1978|title=Increased Potato Yields by Treatment of Seedpieces with Specific Strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-68-1377|journal=Phytopathology|volume=68|issue=9|pages=1377|doi=10.1094/phyto-68-1377|issn=0031-949X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Teintze|first=Martin|last2=Hossain|first2=M. B.|last3=Barnes|first3=C. L.|last4=Leong|first4=John|last5=Van der Helm|first5=Dick|date=1981-10-01|title=Structure of ferric pseudobactin: a siderophore from a plant growth promoting Pseudomonas|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi00525a025|journal=Biochemistry|language=en|volume=20|issue=22|pages=6446–6457|doi=10.1021/bi00525a025|issn=0006-2960}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lin|first=Willy|last2=Okon|first2=Yaacov|last3=Hardy|first3=Ralph W. F.|date=1983-06|title=Enhanced Mineral Uptake by Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor Roots Inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.45.6.1775-1779.1983|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|language=en|volume=45|issue=6|pages=1775–1779|doi=10.1128/aem.45.6.1775-1779.1983|issn=0099-2240|pmc=PMC242537|pmid=16346311}}</ref> Mikroorganisme tanah berperan dalam [[dekomposisi]] bahan organik. Mikroorganisme tersebut memperoleh energi dan nutrisi dari beragam molekul dalam bahan organik tanah (BOT). Proses dekomposisi memegang peranan penting dalam penggunaan dan daur ulang nutrisi yang efisien dalam ekosistem terkelola, pertanian, semi-alami, dan alami pada proses ini biomolekul kompleks didegradasi menjadi bioelemen seperti nitrogen (N) dan dilepaskan dalam bentuk yang tersedia bagi tanaman.<ref name=":0" /> Mikroorganisme tanah yang hidup di lingkungan kaya karbon dapat menghasilkan eksudat akar, karbon organik volatil, dan rhizodeposisi kimiawi. Eksudat akar ini berbeda-beda antar spesies tanaman, sehingga mikrobioma rizosfer (komunitas mikroba di sekitar akar) pun berbeda-beda. Eksudat ini mengandung berbagai macam senyawa organik, seperti gula, asam amino, asam organik, nukleotida, flavonoid, zat antibakteri, dan enzim.<ref>{{Cite book|date=2004-01-11|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482280128-14|title=Interactions between Microorganisms|publisher=CRC Press|pages=174–204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Effect of Lime and Rice Husk Ash on Index Properties of Black Cotton Soil.|url=https://paper.researchbib.com/view/paper/16290|website=paper.researchbib.com|access-date=2024-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Somers|first=E.|last2=Vanderleyden|first2=J.|last3=Srinivasan|first3=M.|date=2004-01|title=Rhizosphere Bacterial Signalling: A Love Parade Beneath Our Feet|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408410490468786|journal=Critical Reviews in Microbiology|volume=30|issue=4|pages=205–240|doi=10.1080/10408410490468786|issn=1040-841X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fiehn|first=Oliver|last2=Wohlgemuth|first2=Gert|last3=Scholz|first3=Martin|last4=Kind|first4=Tobias|last5=Lee|first5=Do Yup|last6=Lu|first6=Yun|last7=Moon|first7=Stephanie|last8=Nikolau|first8=Basil|date=2008-02|title=Quality control for plant metabolomics: reporting MSI‐compliant studies|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03387.x|journal=The Plant Journal|volume=53|issue=4|pages=691–704|doi=10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03387.x|issn=0960-7412}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|date=2005-01-06|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482280302-16|title=Biological Control of Soil-borne Sclerotial Pathogens using Fluorescent Pseudomonads|publisher=CRC Press|pages=387–414}}</ref>

 

== Referensi ==