Donepezil: Perbedaan antara revisi

<!-- Clinical data -->|pregnancy_AU=B3|pregnancy_US=C|routes_of_administration=By mouth ([[Tablet (pharmacy)|tablets]]) Absorption is not affected by food or time of day.<ref name=Kum2020>{{citation | last1=Kumar | first1=A | last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 | archive-date=2021-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref>|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|monograph|donepezil-hydrochloride}}|MedlinePlus=a697032

<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=100%<ref name=Kum2020>{{citation | last1=Kumar | first1=A | last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 | archive-date=2021-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Seltzer 2005 pp. 527–536">{{cite journal | last=Seltzer | first=Ben | title=Donepezil: a review | journal=Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology | publisher=Informa Healthcare | volume=1 | issue=3 | date=2005-09-29 | issn=1742-5255 | pmid=16863459 | doi=10.1517/17425255.1.3.527 | pages=527–36 | quote=there is a linear relationship between dose and pharmacodynamic effects, measured as red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition and clinical efficacy. Despite being 96% bound to plasma proteins, it has few interactions with other drugs, and the 5-mg dose can be given safely to patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic and renal-disease. }}</ref>|protein_bound=96%, [[albumin]] (about 75%) and [[alpha1-acid glycoprotein]] (21%).<ref name="Seltzer 2005 pp. 527–536">{{cite journal | last=Seltzer | first=Ben | title=Donepezil: a review | journal=Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology | publisher=Informa Healthcare | volume=1 | issue=3 | date=2005-09-29 | issn=1742-5255 | pmid=16863459 | doi=10.1517/17425255.1.3.527 | pages=527–36 | quote=there is a linear relationship between dose and pharmacodynamic effects, measured as red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition and clinical efficacy. Despite being 96% bound to plasma proteins, it has few interactions with other drugs, and the 5-mg dose can be given safely to patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic and renal-disease. }}</ref><ref name=Kum2020>{{citation | last1=Kumar | first1=A | last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 | archive-date=2021-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref>|metabolism=[[CYP2D6]], [[CYP3A4]], and [[glucuronidation]].<ref name=Kum2020>{{citation | last1=Kumar | first1=A | last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 | archive-date=2021-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Four major metabolites, two of which are active.<ref name="Seltzer 2005 pp. 527–536">{{cite journal | last=Seltzer | first=Ben | title=Donepezil: a review | journal=Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology | publisher=Informa Healthcare | volume=1 | issue=3 | date=2005-09-29 | issn=1742-5255 | pmid=16863459 | doi=10.1517/17425255.1.3.527 | pages=527–36 | quote=there is a linear relationship between dose and pharmacodynamic effects, measured as red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition and clinical efficacy. Despite being 96% bound to plasma proteins, it has few interactions with other drugs, and the 5-mg dose can be given safely to patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic and renal-disease. }}</ref><ref name=Kum2020>{{citation | last1=Kumar | first1=A | last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 | archive-date=2021-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref>|elimination_half-life=70 hours<ref name="Asiri Mostafa 2010 pp. 117–150">{{cite book | last1=Asiri | first1=Yousif A. | last2=Mostafa | first2=Gamal A.E. | title=Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology | chapter=Donepezil | publisher=Elsevier | year=2010 | volume=35 | isbn=978-0-12-380884-4 | issn=1871-5125 | doi=10.1016/s1871-5125(10)35003-5 | pages=117–50 | pmid=22469221 | quote=Plasma donepezil concentrations decline with a half-life of approximately 70 h. Sex, race, and smoking history have no clinically significant influence on plasma concentrations of donepezil [46–51].}}</ref> Around 100 hours in elderly patients.<ref name=Kum2020>{{citation | last1=Kumar | first1=A | last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 | archive-date=2021-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref>|excretion=0.11–0.13 (L/h/kg); excreted mostly by the kidneys. Around 17% is excreted unchanged in the urine. About 15% to 20% is excreted in feces.<ref name=Kum2020>{{citation | last1=Kumar | first1=A | last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 | archive-date=2021-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Seltzer 2005 pp. 527–536">{{cite journal | last=Seltzer | first=Ben | title=Donepezil: a review | journal=Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology | publisher=Informa Healthcare | volume=1 | issue=3 | date=2005-09-29 | issn=1742-5255 | pmid=16863459 | doi=10.1517/17425255.1.3.527 | pages=527–36 | quote=there is a linear relationship between dose and pharmacodynamic effects, measured as red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition and clinical efficacy. Despite being 96% bound to plasma proteins, it has few interactions with other drugs, and the 5-mg dose can be given safely to patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic and renal-disease. }}</ref> Steady-state clearance is similar at all ages.<ref name=Kum2020>{{citation | last1=Kumar | first1=A | last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 | archive-date=2021-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Donepezil''' adalah obat yang digunakan untuk mengatasi[[penyakit Alzheimer]] . <ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web|title=Donepezil Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726092537/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=26 July 2019|access-date=4 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Donepezil bisa memberikan cukup manfaat untuk fungsi mental. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=June 2018|title=Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=6|pages=CD001190|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001190.pub3|pmc=6513124|pmid=29923184|vauthors=Birks JS, Harvey RJ}}</ref> Sayangnya penggunaan obat ini masih belum terbukti dalam mengubah penyakit alzheimer. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment|date=June 2008|title=Dementia – Caring, Ethics, Ethnical and Economical Aspects: A Systematic Review|pmid=28876770}}</ref> Penggunaan harus dihentikan jika tidak memiliki manfaat atau perubahan yang terlihat. <ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|date=2018|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|edition=76|pages=300|ref={{harvid | BNF76 |2018 }}}}</ref> Rute pemberian obat ini melalui oral. <ref name="AHFS2019">{{cite web |title=Donepezil Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=4 February 2019 |language=en |archive-date=26 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726092537/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kejadian efek samping yang umum pada penggunaan obat ini seperti , rasa lelah,sulit tidur, agresi, diare, mual dan kram otot. <ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web|title=Donepezil Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726092537/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=26 July 2019|access-date=4 February 2019|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html "Donepezil Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals"]. </cite></ref> <ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|date=2018|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|edition=76|pages=300|ref={{harvid | BNF76 |2018 }}}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBNF762018">''British national formulary : BNF 76'' (76&nbsp;ed.). </cite></ref> Kejadian efek samping yang serius pada penggunaan obat ini meliputi [[aritmia]], [[retensi urin]], dan [[sawan]] . <ref name="AHFS2019">{{cite web |title=Donepezil Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=4 February 2019 |language=en |archive-date=26 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726092537/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Obati ini merupakan golongan inhibitor asetilkolinesterase reversibel yang memiliki mekanisme kerja [[Sistem saraf pusat|secara terpusat]] dan secara struktural tidak berkaitan dengan agen antikolinesterase lainnya. <ref name="AHFS2019">{{cite web |title=Donepezil Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.html> |website=Drugs.com<ref |publishername=American Society of Health-System PharmacistsKum2020>{{citation |access-date=4 February 2019 |languagelast1=enKumar |archive-date=26 July 2019 |archive-urlfirst1=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726092537/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/donepezil-hydrochloride.htmlA |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Kum2020">{{Citation| last2=Sharma | first2=S | title=Donepezil | chapter=article-20656 | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | location=Treasure Island (FL) | year=2020 | pmid=30020629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | access-date=2020-04-12 |last=Kumar|first=A|place=Treasure Island (FL)|archivedatearchive-date=2021-08-28 |archiveurl archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828064644/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513257/ | url-status=live }}</ref>