Townland: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[File:Rathlin_Island_townlands.svg|thumb|upright=1.7|Peta townland [[pulau Rathlin]]]]

 

:Further reprinted in {{cite journal |last1=Carmicheal |first1=Alexander |title=Grazing and Agrestic Customs of the Outer Hebrides |journal=The Celtic Review |date=December 1914 |volume=10 |issue=37 |pages=40–54 |doi=10.2307/30070316 |jstor=30070316 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2370291 }}</ref> Sistem townland berasal dari [[Gaelik Irlandia|Gaelik]], sebelum invasi [[Invasi Norman ke Irlandia|Norman]],<ref name="Barry114">{{cite book |title=A History of Settlement in Ireland |last=Barry |first=Terry |year=2000 |publisher=Routledge |page=114 |chapter=Rural Settlement in Medieval Ireland |quote=She argued that Ireland's townland system, which pre-dated the Anglo-Norman conquest, worked against the creation of sizeable nucleated settlements.}}</ref><ref name="Colfer29">{{cite book |title=The Hook Peninsula |last=Colfer |first=Billy |year=2004 |publisher=Cork University Press |page=29 |chapter=Prehistoric and Early Christian Landscapes |quote=The townland network provides the most pervasive landscape survival from the Gaelic era. Most townlands, many retaining their Gaelic names, are believed to pre-date the arrival of the Anglo-Normans.}}</ref><ref name="Graham149">{{cite book |title=A companion to Britain in the later Middle Ages |last=Graham |first=Brian |year=2003 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |page=149 |chapter=Ireland: Economy and Society |quote=The manor was the basic unit of settlement throughout the Anglo-Norman colony. Anngret Simms and others have argued that the constraint of the pre-existing Gaelic-Irish network of townlands (the basic subdivision of land in Ireland, a townland was originally the holding of an extended family) pre-empted the formation of large villages on the Anglo-Norman manors of Ireland.}}</ref><ref name="Surveying">{{cite book |title=Surveying Ireland's Past |first1=Howard |last1=Clarke |first2=Jacinta |last2=Prunty |first3=Mark |last3=Hennessy |year=2004 |publisher=Geography Publications |page=113 |quote=It is clear that the Gaelic townland system of territorial organisation exerted a powerful centripetal force on the evolving settlement pattern.}}</ref> dan sebagian besar memiliki nama yang berasal dari Irlandia.<ref name="Colfer29"/> Namun, beberapa nama dan batas kota berasal dari [[Manorialisme|manor]] Norman, divisi kolonial, atau ciptaan [[Survei Persenjataan Irlandia|Survei Persenjataan]] yang lebih baru.<ref name="Connolly2002p577">Connolly, S. J., ''The Oxford Companion to Irish History, page 577. Oxford University Press, 2002. {{ISBN|978-0-19-923483-7}}''</ref><ref name="Maxwell2009pg16">Maxwell, Ian, ''How to Trace Your Irish Ancestors'', page 16. howtobooks, 2009. {{ISBN|978-1-84528-375-9}}</ref> Jumlah total townland yang dihuni di Irlandia adalah 60.679 pada tahun 1911.<ref name="census1911">{{cite web |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/about/ |title=Digitization of Irish 1901 and 1911 Census Records |work=Census of Ireland 1901/1911 and Census Fragments and Substitutes, 1821-51 |publisher=[[National Archives of Ireland]] |access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref> Jumlah total yang diakui oleh database Nama Tempat Irlandia pada tahun 2014 adalah 61.098, termasuk townland tak berpenghuni, terutama pulau-pulau kecil.<ref name="Logainm Count of Townlands.">{{cite web|title=Logainm.ie The Irish Placenames Database|url=http://www.logainm.ie/en/|publisher=The Irish Placenames Committee/Fiontar|access-date=19 September 2014}}</ref>