'''Rayap''' atau '''anai-anai''' atau '''semut putih''' adalah [[serangga sosial]] anggota [[ordo|''infraordo'']] '''Isoptera''', bagian dari ordo [[Blattodea]]<ref name="Krishna, K. 2013">{{cite book|last1=Krishna|first1=Kumar|last2=Grimaldi|first2=David A.|last3=Krishna|first3=Valerie|last4=Engel|first4=Michael S.|year=2013|title=Treatise on the Isoptera of the world|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6430|series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History|volume=377|publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]]|pages=1-2704}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03703p048.pdf|title = Order Blattodea|last = Beccaloni|first = George|date = 2013-08-30|journal = ZOOTAXA|accessdate = 2014-12-02|doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.10|pmid = |last2 = Eggleton|first2 = Paul|issue = 3703|volume = 1|pages = 46–48|series = Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)|editor-last = Zhang|editor-first = Z.-Q.}}</ref> ([[kecoa]]) yang dikenal luas sebagai [[hama]] penting kehidupan [[manusia]]. Rayap bersarang di dan memakan [[kayu]] perabotan atau kerangka rumah sehingga menimbulkan banyak kerugian secara ekonomi.
[[Berkas:Termite damage.JPG|jmpl|200px|kiri|Kerusakan kayu akibat serangan rayap.]]
