Cycad: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Automatic taxobox|name=Cycadales|fossil_range={{fossil range|Early Permian|0|earliest=300|[[Early Permian]]–[[Holocene]]}}|display_parents=4|image=Cycas circinalis.jpg|image_caption=''[[Cycas rumphii]]'' dengan strobili jantan yang lama dan baru|grandparent_authority=[[Charles Edwin Bessey|Bessey]] 1907: 321.<ref name="Bessey 1907">{{cite journal | last=Bessey | first=C.E. | year=1907 | title=A synopsis of plant phyla | journal=Nebraska Univ. Stud. | volume=7 | pages=275–373 }}</ref>|parent_authority=[[Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart|Brongn.]]<ref name="Brongniart 1843">{{cite book | last=Brongniart | first=A. | year=1843 | title=Énumération des genres de plantes cultivées au Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris }}</ref>|taxon=Cycadales|authority=Pers. ex Bercht. & J. Presl|subdivision_ranks=Extant groupings|subdivision=*[[Cycadaceae]]
*[[Zamiaceae]]|range_map=|range_map_caption=Distribusi global sikad moderen|synonyms=* Cycadofilicales <small>Němejc 1950</small>
* Dioales <small>Doweld 2001</small>
* Stangeriales <small>Doweld 2001</small>
* Zamiales <small>Burnett 1835</small>}}
'''Cycad''' ('''sikad''') adalah [[tumbuhan berbiji]] yang biasanya memiliki [[batang]] [[Tumbuhan mengayu|mengayu]] dengan [[Tajuk (botani)|tajuk]] berdaun besar, keras, kaku, [[malar hijau]], dan (biasanya) berbentuk mirip duri (''pinnated''). Spesies-spesiesnya adalah tumbuhan [[Dwirumah (botani)|dwirumah]], yaitu sebuah tumbuhan dapat berupa jantan atau betina, namun tidak bisa keduanya. Tumbuhan cycad ukurannya beranekaragam, mulai dari batang berukuran beberapa sentimeter, sampai batang yang tingginya beberapa meter. Mereka biasanya tumbuh dengan sangat lambat,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dehgan|first=Bijan|year=1983|title=Propagation and Growth of Cycads—A Conservation Strategy|url=https://journals.flvc.org/fshs/article/view/95611|journal=Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society|volume=96|pages=137–139|via=Florida Online Journals}}</ref> dan memilki usia yang panjang. Karena kemiripan superfisialnya, mereka biasanya dikelirukan dengan [[pohon palem]] atau [[tumbuhan paku]], namun tidak berkerabat dekat ke kedua kelompok tersebut.
== Taksonomi ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" |Filogeni eksternal<ref name="Wu 2013">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Chung-Shien|last2=Chaw|first2=Shu-Miaw|last3=Huang|first3=Ya-Yi|date=January 2013|title=Chloroplast phylogenomics indicates that ''Ginkgo biloba'' is sister to cycads|journal=Genome Biology and Evolution|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=243–254|doi=10.1093/gbe/evt001|issn=1759-6653|pmc=3595029|pmid=23315384}}</ref><ref name="Stull 2021">{{cite journal|last1=Stull|first1=Gregory W.|last2=Qu|first2=Xiao-Jian|last3=Parins-Fukuchi|first3=Caroline|last4=Yang|first4=Ying-Ying|last5=Yang|first5=Jun-Bo|last6=Yang|first6=Zhi-Yun|last7=Hu|first7=Yi|last8=Ma|first8=Hong|last9=Soltis|first9=Pamela S.|date=July 19, 2021|title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4|journal=Nature Plants|language=en|volume=7|issue=8|pages=1015–1025|doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|issn=2055-0278|pmid=34282286|last10=Soltis|first10=Douglas E.|last11=Li|first11=De-Zhu|s2cid=236141481}}</ref>
! colspan="1" |Filogeni internal<ref name="Nagalingum2011">{{cite journal|last1=Nagalingum|first1=N. S.|last2=Marshall|first2=C. R.|last3=Quental|first3=T. B.|last4=Rai|first4=H. S.|last5=Little|first5=D. P.|last6=Mathews|first6=S.|date=2011|title=Recent synchronous radiation of a living fossil|journal=Science|volume=334|issue=6057|pages=796–799|bibcode=2011Sci...334..796N|doi=10.1126/science.1209926|pmid=22021670|s2cid=206535984}}</ref><ref name="Condamine-2015">{{cite journal|last1=Condamine|first1=Fabien L.|last2=Nagalingum|first2=Nathalie S.|last3=Marshall|first3=Charles R.|last4=Morlon|first4=Hélène|date=17 April 2015|title=Origin and diversification of living cycads: a cautionary tale on the impact of the branching process prior in Bayesian molecular dating|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|language=en|volume=15|at=65|doi=10.1186/s12862-015-0347-8|pmc=4449600|pmid=25884423|s2cid=14815027|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top" |
{| style="border:0; margin:auto;"
| style="padding:10px;" |{{clade|{{clade
|1='''Cycads'''
|2=''[[Ginkgo]]''
|3={{clade
|1=[[Conifers]]
|label2=Anthophytes
|2={{clade
|1=[[Bennettitales]]
|2=[[Gnetales]]
|3=[[Angiosperms]]
}}
}}
}}}}
| style="padding:10px;" |{{clade|{{clade
|label1=[[Gymnosperm]]s
|1={{clade
|1='''Cycads'''
|2=''[[Ginkgo]]''
|3={{clade
|1=[[Conifers]]
|2=[[Gnetophytes]]
}}
}}
|label2=[[Angiosperm]]s
|2=(flowering plants)
}}}}
|-
!{{small|Filogeni lama}}
!{{small|Filogeni baru}}
|}
|{{clade|{{clade
|label1=Cycadineae
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Cycadaceae]]
|1=''[[Cycas]]''
}}
|label2=Zamiineae
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Zamiaceae]]
|1={{clade
|label1=Diooideae
|1=''[[Dioon]]''
|label2=Zamioideae
|2={{clade
|label1=Encephalarteae
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Macrozamia]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Lepidozamia]]''
|2=''[[Encephalartos]]''
}}
}}
|label2=Zamieae
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Bowenia]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Ceratozamia]]''
|2=''[[Stangeria]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Zamia]]''
|2=''[[Microcycas]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}|style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%;width:300px|label1=Cycads}}
|}
== Referensi ==
<references />
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q1089795|from2=Q157114|from3=Q5197912|from4=Q5605610}}
[[Kategori:Cycad]]
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