Māra: Perbedaan antara revisi

<span class="extension-adhd-reader-wrapper"><span class="extension-adhd-reader-container">'''<span class="extension-adhd-reader-boldify">Mā</span>raMara'''</span></span> atau '''MaraMāra''' ([[Bahasa Pali|Pāli]]; {{lang-sa|मार}}, ''{{IAST|Māra}}''; {{lang-si|මාරයා}}; {{Lang-zh|s=天魔|p=Tiānmó}} oratau {{Lang-zh|t=魔羅|s=魔罗|p=Móluó|first=t}}; {{lang-ja|魔羅|Mara}}<span class="extension-adhd-reader-wrapper">; juga <span class="extension-adhd-reader-container"><span class="extension-adhd-reader-boldify">マ</span>ーラ,</span></span> ''Māra'' <span class="extension-adhd-reader-wrapper">atau <span class="extension-adhd-reader-container"><span class="extension-adhd-reader-boldify">天</span>魔,</span></span> ''Tenma''; {{lang-ko|마라|Mara}}; {{lang-vi|Thiên Ma}}<span class="extension-adhd-reader-wrapper">; Wylie <span class="extension-adhd-reader-container"><span class="extension-adhd-reader-boldify">Ti</span>bet</span><span class="extension-adhd-reader-container">Tibet:</span></span> ''bdud''; {{lang-km|មារ}}; {{lang-my|မာရ်နတ်}}; {{lang-th|มาร}}; {{lang-tl|Mara}}<span class="extension-adhd-reader-wrapper">), dalam [[Buddhisme]], biasanya merujuk kepada metafora "setan" dan makhluk setan berstatus raja surgawi ganas yang mencoba menghentikan [[Siddhartha Gautama|Pangeran Siddhartha]] mencapai [[Kecerahan (Buddhisme)|Kecerahan]] dengan rayuan bala tentara surgawinya dan perwujudan wanita cantik yang, dalam berbagai legenda, sering dipanggil sebagai putri Māra<span class="extension-adhd-reader-container">.</span></span><ref>See, for instance, [[Samyutta Nikaya|SN]] 4.25, entitled, "Māra's Daughters" (Bodhi, 2000, pp. 217–20), as well as [[Suttanipata|Sn]] 835 (Saddhatissa, 1998, page 98). In each of these texts, Mara's daughters (''Māradhītā'') are personified by sensual Craving (''[[taṇhā]]''), Aversion (''arati''), and Passion (''rāga'').</ref>

Dalam [[Kosmologi Buddha|kosmologi Buddhis]], Māra dikaitkan dengan kematian, kelahiran kembali, dan keinginan.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Trainor|first=Kevin|year=2004|title=Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/buddhismillustra0000unse_l2c4|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780195173987|page=[https://archive.org/details/buddhismillustra0000unse_l2c4/page/34 34]}}</ref> [[Nyanaponika Thera]] <span class="extension-adhd-reader-wrapper"><span class="extension-adhd-reader-container"><span class="extension-adhd-reader-boldify">menggambarkan Māra sebagai "personifikasi kekuatan yang berlawanan dengan pencerahan."</span></span></span><ref>{{cite book|last=Thera|first=Nyanaponika|year=2008|title=The Roots of Good and Evil: Buddhist Texts translated from the Pali with Comments and Introduction|publisher=[[Buddhist Publication Society]]|isbn=9789552403163|page=22}}</ref> Dalam Buddhisme tradisional, empat atau lima bentuk metafora Māra adalah:<ref>{{cite book|date=2013|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.|location=Princeton, NJ|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9780691157863|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert Jr|editor1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|pages=530–531, 550, 829|editor2-last=Lopez|editor2-first=Donald S. Jr.|editor2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.}}</ref>