|
[[File:Turkey magnitude 7.8 earthquake (3-17 AM, 6 February 2023) 1.png|thumb|280px|Seismogram [[Gempa bumi Turki–Suriah 2023]] (M7.,8) dari nilai maksimum yang tercatat.]]
'''Percepatan tanah puncak''' ({{lang-en|peak ground acceleration}}, disingkat '''PGA''') adalah percepatan tanah maksimum yang terjadi ketika [[gempa bumi]] menggetarkan suatu lokasi. Nilai percepatan tanah puncak ini sama dengan amplitudo percepatan absolut terbesar yang terekam pada akselerogram di suatu tapak selama suatu gempa bumi berlangsung.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Earthquake ground motion estimation using strong-motion records: a review of equations for the estimation of peak ground acceleration and response spectral ordinates|journal = Earth-Science Reviews|date = 2003-04-01|pages = 43–104|volume = 61|issue = 1–2|doi = 10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00112-5|first = J|last = Douglas|bibcode = 2003ESRv...61...43D|url = https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/53451/1/Douglas_ESR_2003_Earthquake_ground_motion_estimation_using_strong_motion.pdf}}</ref> Getaran gempa bumi secara umum merambat ke tiga arah. Dengan demikian, percepatan tanah puncak seringkali dibagi ke dalam komponen horisontal dan vertikal. Percepatan tanah puncak arah horisontal pada umumnya lebih besar dari arah vertikal, tetapi pernyataan tersebut tidak selalu benar, terutama pada kondisi lokasi yang berdekatan dengan gempa besar. Percepatan tanah puncak merupakan parameter penting (dikenal juga sebagai besaran intensitas gempa) bagi [[rekayasa kegempaan]].
! Nama
|-
| 3.,23 ''g'' <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goto |first1=Hiroyuki |last2=Kaneko |first2=Yoshihiro |last3=Young |first3=John |last4=Avery |first4=Hamish |last5=Damiano |first5=Len |title=Extreme Accelerations During Earthquakes Caused by Elastic Flapping Effect |journal=Scientific Reports |date=4 February 2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=1117 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-37716-y |pmid=30718810 |pmc=6361895 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.1117G }}</ref>|| || 7.,8 || 15 km || 2 || [[Gempa bumi Kaikoura 2016]]
|-
|| 2.,93 ''g'' <ref name=M9.5-Chile>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official19600522191120_30/shakemap/analysis?source=atlas&code=atlas19600522191117|title=M 9.5 - 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (Valdivia Earthquake)|publisher=[[USGS]]|access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref> ||3.,54 ''g'' || 9.,5 || 33 km || 1.000–6.000 || [[Gempa bumi Valdivia 1960]]
|-
|2.,88 ''g'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schäfer, |first1=Andreas, et|last2=Daniell |first2=James |last3=Skapski |first3=Jens-Udo |last4=Mohr |first4=Susanna al|last5=Kunz |first5=Michael |title=Noto Earthquake Japan (Jan. ''2024) |journal=Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology CEDIM Forensic Disaster Analysis Group (FDA)''. |date=2024, [|url=https://www.cedim.kit.edu/download/FDA_EQ_Japan2024.pdf www.cedim.kit.edu/download/FDA_EQ_Japan2024.pdf], https://|doi.org/=10.5445/IR/1000166937. Accessed 3 Apr. 2024.}}</ref>
|
|7.,5
|16 km
|245
|[[Gempa bumi Laut Jepang 2024]]
|-
| 2.,7 ''g'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/Tohoku/index.html|title=March 11, 2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Preliminary results|author=Erol Kalkan|author2=Volkan Sevilgen|author2-link=Volkan Sevilgen|work=United States Geological Survey|date=17 MarchMaret 2011|access-date=22 MarchMaret 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324003222/http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/Tohoku/index.html|archive-date=24 March 2011}}</ref>|| 2.,99 ''g''<ref name="kyoshin-bosai">{{cite web | url= https://www.kyoshin.bosai.go.jp/kyoshin/topics/html20110311144626/main_20110311144626.html | title=平成23年(2011年)東北地方太平洋沖地震による強震動| trans-title= About strong ground motion caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake |publisher=Kyoshin Bosai | access-date=10 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake, Strong Ground Motion|url=http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/k-net/topics/TohokuTaiheiyo_20110311/nied_kyoshin1e.pdf|publisher=National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention|access-date=18 MarchMaret 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324003616/http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/k-net/topics/TohokuTaiheiyo_20110311/nied_kyoshin1e.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2011}}</ref> || 9.,1<ref name=M9.1Japan>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20110311054624120_30/origin/detail|title=M 9.1 - 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake, Japan - Origin|publisher=[[USGS]]|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>|| 30 km<ref name="earthquake.usgs">{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2011/2011_stats.php |title=Archived copy of USGS Magnitude 7 and Greater Earthquakes in 2011 |access-date=8 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413163214/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2011/2011_stats.php |archive-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref> || 19.759<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/higashinihon/items/162.pdf |title=平成23年（2011年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について（第162報）（令和4年3月8日）|trans-title=Press release no. 162 of the 2011 Tohuku earthquake|work=総務省消防庁災害対策本部|trans-work=[[FireBadan andManajemen DisasterBencana Managementdan AgencyKebakaran]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827123449/https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/higashinihon/items/162.pdf|archive-date=2022-08-27 |access-date=2022-09-23 September 2022}} Page 31 of the PDF file.</ref> || [[Gempa bumi dan tsunami Tōhoku 2011]]
|-
|2.,212 ''g'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.8 - Pazarcik earthquake, Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jllz/map?shakemap-code=us6000jllz&shakemap-source=us&shakemap-intensity=true&shakemap-mmi-contours=false&shakemap-stations=true |access-date=7 April 2023-04-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302171403/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jllz/map?shakemap-code=us6000jllz&shakemap-source=us&shakemap-intensity=true&shakemap-mmi-contours=false&shakemap-stations=true | archive-date=2023-03-02 }}</ref>
|
|7.,8
|10 km
|62.024
|[[Gempa bumi Turki–Suriah 2023]]
|-
| 1.,92 ''g'' <ref name=M7.7-Taiwan>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0009eq0/|title=M 7.7 - 21 km S of Puli, Taiwan|publisher=[[USGS]]|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> || || 7.,7 || 8 km || 2.415 || [[Gempa bumi Chichi 1999]]
|-
| 1.,82 ''g'' <ref name=Yegian>{{cite web|url=http://www.coe.neu.edu/Depts/CIV/faculty/myegian/library/Thenorthridge%20Earthquake%20of%201994%20Ground%20Motions%20and%20Geotechnical%20Aspects.pdf|title=The Northridge Earthquake of 1994: Ground Motions and Geotechnical Aspects|access-date=7 April 2021|last1=Yegian|first1=M.K.|last2=Ghahraman|last3=Gazetas|first3=G.|last4=Dakoulas|first4=P.|last5=Makris|first5=N.|date=April 1995|page=1384|work=Third International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics|publisher=Northeastern University College of Engineering|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506100941/http://www.coe.neu.edu/Depts/CIV/faculty/myegian/library/Thenorthridge%20Earthquake%20of%201994%20Ground%20Motions%20and%20Geotechnical%20Aspects.pdf|archive-date=6 May 2013}}</ref>|| || 6.,7 ||18 km <ref name=M6.7-Northridge>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci3144585/executive/|title=M 6.7 - 1km NNW of Reseda, CA|publisher=[[USGS]]|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> || 57 || [[Gempa bumi Northridge 1994]]
|-
| 1.,54 ''g''
|
|7.,5
|10 km
|4.340
|[[Gempa bumi dan tsunami Sulawesi 2018]]
|-
| 1.,51 ''g'' <ref name="Geonet23">{{cite web|url=http://www.geonet.org.nz/news/feb-2011-christchurch-badly-damaged-by-magnitude-6-3-earthquake.html|title=Feb 22 2011 – Christchurch badly damaged by magnitude 6.3 earthquake|work=Geonet|publisher=GNS Science|date=23 FebruaryFebruari 2011|access-date=24 FebruaryFebruari 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304221355/http://www.geonet.org.nz/news/feb-2011-christchurch-badly-damaged-by-magnitude-6-3-earthquake.html|archive-date=4 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.geonet.org.nz/var/storage/images/media/images/news/2011/lyttelton_pga/57159-2-eng-GB/lyttelton_pga.png |title= PGA intensity map|work= Geonet| publisher = GNS Science |access-date = 24 FebruaryFebruari 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531202123/http://geonet.org.nz/var/storage/images/media/images/news/2011/lyttelton_pga/57159-2-eng-GB/lyttelton_pga.png|archive-date=31 May 2012}}</ref> || || 6.,2<ref name="Geonet24">{{cite web|url=http://geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/3468575g.html|title=New Zealand Earthquake Report – Feb 22 2011 at 12:51 pm (NZDT)|work=Geonet|publisher=GNS Science|date=22 FebruaryFebruari 2011|access-date=24 FebruaryFebruari 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225224013/http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/3468575g.html|archive-date=25 February 2011}}</ref> || 5 km || 185 || [[Gempa bumi Christchurch 2011]]
|-
|0.,98 ''g <ref name="Morales">{{cite web |author1=Mauricio Morales |author2=Oguz C. Celik |title=EERI PERW 2021 – Part 1: Aegean Sea Earthquake |url=https://slc.eeri.org/2021-sdc/perw/ |access-date=12 OctoberOktober 2021 |website=slc.eeri.org |publisher=EarthquakeInstitut EngineeringPenelitian ResearchRekayasa InstituteGempa |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627065554/https://slc.eeri.org/2021-sdc/perw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>''
|
|7.,0
|16.,1 km
|118
|[[Gempa bumi Laut Aegea 2020]]
|-
|0.,91 ''g''
|
|6.,9
|17.,6 km
|5.502–6.434
|[[Gempa bumi besar Hanshin]]
|-
|-
|0.,65 ''g'' <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Clough |first1=G. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bTkrAAAAYAAJ |title=Practical lessons from the Loma Prieta earthquake |last2=Martin |first2=J. R. |last3=Chameau |first3=J. L. II |publisher=[[National Academies Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=978-0309050302 |pages=29–46 |chapter=The geotechnical aspects |author-link=Ray W. Clough}}</ref>
|
|6.,9
|19 km
|63
|[[Gempa bumi Loma Prieta 1989]]
|-
|0.,5 ''g'' <ref name="Lin-Allen">{{cite news |last1=Lin |first1=Rong-Gong |last2=Allen |first2=Sam |date=26 FebruaryFebruari 2011 |title=New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-quake-california-20110226,0,1231448.story |access-date=27 FebruaryFebruari 2011}}</ref>
|
|7.,0
|13 km
|220.000–316,000
|[[Gempa bumi Haiti 2010]]
|-
|0.,34 ''g'' <ref>{{harvnb|Elnashai|Jig Kim|Jin Yun|Sidarta|2006|p=18}}</ref>
|
|6.,4
|15 km
|5.778
|[[Gempa bumi Yogyakarta 2006]]
|-
|0.,18 ''g'' <ref>National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Alaska Earthquake, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5EArAAAAYAAJ&dq ''The great Alaska earthquake of 1964, Volume 1, Part 1''], National Academies, 1968 p. 285</ref>
|
|9.,2
|25 km
|131
| 