|
Zona Pertama, yang juga disebut [[Cincin Api Pasifik]] atau Pacifik Ring Of Fire, terletak di sekitar Samudera Pasifik, Melintasi Benua [[Asia]] bagian Timur, [[Benua Amerika]] bagian barat dan [[Pulau Papua]] di [[Benua Australia]]. Melintasi Amerika serikat. Sebagian besar wilayah San Fransisco pada tahun 1906, juga hancur akibat gempa yang melanda pada zona tersebut. bahkan negara Indonesia juga termasuk dalam dua zona seperti [[Cincin Api Pasifik]] dan [[Sabuk alpida]] yang terkena dampak gempanya.<ref>{{Cite book|date=2008|title=Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Populer|location=Jakarta|publisher=Lentera|isbn=978-979-3535-28-9|pages=143|url-status=live}}</ref>
Zona Kedua melewati Selatan [[Eurasia]] (Ini tidak termasuk kawasan Asia dari [[Gondwana]] seperti Semenanjung Arab dan Anak Benua India) dan terus ke arah [[Laut Tengah]] sampai ke [[Pegunungan atlas]] di [[Afrika Utara]].
== Gempa bumi terkuat berdasarkan magnitudo ==
{{Artikel|Daftar gempa bumi terkuat sepanjang sejarah}}
{|class="wikitable floatleft" style="text-align:center"
!Abad!! Jumlah <br />magnitudo ≥8.5
|-
|1501–1600 || 2
|-
|1601–1700 || 5
|-
|1701–1800 || 9
|-
|1801–1900 || 13
|-
|1901–2000 || 11
|-
|2001–sekarang || 5
|-
|'''Total'''|| '''45'''
|}
{{Clear}}
[[File:Graph of largest earthquakes 1906-2005.png|thumb|400px|Chart perbandingan gempa bumi terkuat yang pernah tercatat]]
Catatan sejarah diketahui tidak lengkap. Gempa bumi yang terjadi di daerah terpencil sebelum munculnya instrumentasi modern pada awal hingga pertengahan 1900-an tidak dilaporkan dengan baik, dan lokasi serta besaran pasti dari peristiwa semacam itu seringkali tidak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan nyata dalam frekuensi gempa besar selama beberapa abad terakhir tidak mungkin akurat, dengan interpretasi yang lebih baik bahwa, jika daftarnya lebih lengkap, maka rata-rata selusin atau lebih per abad.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No
! scope="col" | Tanggal
! scope="col" | Lokasi
! scope="col" | Artikel
! scope="col" | Magnitudo
|-
!1
| {{dts|1960-05-22}}
| {{bendera|Chili}}, [[Valdivia, Chili|Valdivia]]
| [[Gempa bumi Valdivia 1960]]
| 9.4–9.6
|-
!2
| {{dts|1585-06-11}}
| {{bendera|Amerika Serikat}}, [[Alaska]], [[Kepulauan Aleut]]
| [[Gempa bumi Kepulauan Aleut 1585]]
| 9.2
|-
!3
| {{dts|1964-03-27}}
| {{bendera|Amerika Serikat}}, [[Alaska]]
| [[Gempa bumi Alaska 1964]]
| 9.2
|-
!4
| {{dts|2004-12-26}}
| {{bendera|Indonesia}}, [[Samudra Hindia]], [[Sumatra]]
| [[Gempa bumi Samudra Hindia 2004]]
| 9.1–9.3
|-
!5
| {{dts|1730-07-08}}
| {{bendera|Chili}}, [[Valparaíso]]
| [[Gempa bumi Valparaiso 1730|Gempa bumi Valparaíso 1730]]
| 9.1–9.3 <ref>"[http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical_country_mag.php#chile Historic World Earthquakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125154744/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical_country_mag.php#chile |date=2009-11-25 }}." U.S. Geological Survey, November 23, 2009.</ref>
|-
!6
| {{dts|2011-03-11}}
| {{bendera|Jepang}}, [[Samudra Pasifik]], [[Tōhoku]]
| [[Gempa bumi dan tsunami Tōhoku 2011|Gempa bumi Tōhoku 2011]]
| 9.0–9.1<ref>{{cite news|title=New USGS number puts Japan quake at 4th largest|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/03/14/501364/main20043126.shtml|newspaper=[[CBS News]]|date={{date|2011-3-14}}|accessdate={{date|2011-3-15}}|archive-date=2011-04-04|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5xgjFTgf4?url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/03/14/501364/main20043126.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2011/03/powerful-japan-quake-sparks-ts.html |title=Reilly, Michael (March 11, 2011). "Japan's quake updated to magnitude 9.0". New Scientist. Retrieved March 11, 2011. |access-date=2017-09-09 |archive-date=2011-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313030515/http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2011/03/powerful-japan-quake-sparks-ts.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2011/usc0001xgp/neic_c0001xgp_wmt.php |title=USGS analysis as of March 12, 2011 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2016-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820195121/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2011/usc0001xgp/neic_c0001xgp_wmt.php |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
!7
| {{dts|1952-11-04}}
| {{bendera|Uni Soviet}}, [[Kamchatka]] (kini [[Rusia]])
| [[Gempa bumi Kamchatka 1952]]
| 9.0<ref>"[http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1952_11_04.php Historic Earthquakes – Kamchatka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825173729/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1952_11_04.php |date=2009-08-25 }}." U.S. Geological Survey, October 26, 2009.</ref>
|-
!7
| {{dts|1737-10-17}}
| {{bendera|Uni Soviet}}, [[Kamchatka]] (Kini [[Rusia]])
| [[:en:1737 Kamchatka earthquake|Gempa bumi Kamchatka 1737]]
| 9.0<ref name="Gusiakov">{{cite journal |author1=V.K. Gusiakov |title=Two great kamchatka tsunamis, 1737 and 1952 |date=2000 |url=http://bosques.ciren.cl/bitstream/handle/123456789/28986/Two%20great%20Kamchatka%20Tsunamis%2C%201737%20and%201952.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=8 July 2021 |publisher=IUGG Tsunami Commission |location=Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190438/http://bosques.ciren.cl/bitstream/handle/123456789/28986/Two%20great%20Kamchatka%20Tsunamis%2C%201737%20and%201952.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!7
| {{dts|1700-01-26}}
| {{bendera|Amerika Serikat}}<br>{{bendera|Kanada}}, [[Samudra Pasifik]]
| [[:en:1700 Cascadia earthquake|Gempa bumi Cascadia 1700]]
| 8.8–9.2 (perkiraan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1707/pp1707.pdf|title=The Orphan Tsunami of 1700|last=Atwater|first=B.F.|coauthors=Musumi-Rokkaku S., Satake K., Tsuji Y., Ueda K. & Yamaguchi D.K.|year=2005|work=Professional Paper 1707|publisher=USGS|page=98|accessdate=March 13, 2011|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112002712/https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1707/pp1707.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|-
!7
| {{dts|1833-11-25}}
| {{bendera|Hindia Belanda}}, [[Sumatra]] (Kini [[Indonesia]])
| [[Gempa bumi Sumatra 1833]]
| 8.8–9.2
|-
!8
| {{dts|1906-01-31}}
| {{bendera|Ekuador}}<br>{{bendera|Kolombia}}
| [[Gempa bumi Ekuador-Kolombia 1906]]
| 8.8
|-
!8
| {{dts|2010-02-27}}
| {{bendera|Chili}}, [[Concepción, Chili|Concepción]]
| [[Gempa bumi Chili 2010]]
| 8.8
|-
!8
| {{dts|1837-11-17}}
| {{bendera|Chili}}, [[Valdivia, Chili|Valdivia]]
| [[:en:1837 Valdivia earthquake|Gempa bumi Valdivia 1837]]
| 8.8
|-
!8
| {{dts|1746-10-28}}
| {{bendera|Peru}}, [[Lima, Peru|Lima]]
| [[:en:1746 Lima–Callao earthquake|Gempa bumi Lima–Callao 1746]]
| 8.8
|-
!10
| {{dts|1762-04-02}}
|[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg|24px]] [[British India]], (Kini [[Bangladesh]])
| [[:en:1762 Arakan earthquake|Gempa bumi Arakan 1762]]
| 8.7–8.8
|-
!10
| {{dts|1755-11-01}}
| {{bendera|Portugal}}, [[Lautan Atlantik]], [[Lisbon]]
| [[Gempa bumi Lisboa 1755]]
| 8.7<ref>"[http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1755_11_01.php Historic Earthquakes – Lisbon, Portugal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307004016/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1755_11_01.php |date=2013-03-07 }}." U.S. Geological Survey, October 26, 2009.</ref>
|-
!11
| {{dts|1965-02-03}}
|{{bendera|Amerika Serikat}} Kepulauan Rat, [[Alaska]]
| [[:en:1965 Rat Islands earthquake|Gempa bumi Kepulauan Rat 1965]]
| 8.7<ref name="Beck">{{cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Susan L. |last2=Christensen |first2=Douglas H. |title=Rupture process of the February 4, 1965, Rat Islands Earthquake |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |date=1991 |volume=96 |issue=B2 |pages=2205 |doi=10.1029/90JB02092 |bibcode=1991JGR....96.2205B |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1231303 }}</ref>
|-
!11
| {{dts|1950-08-15}}
| {{bendera|Tiongkok}}, [[Tibet]]<br>{{bendera|India}}, [[Assam]]
| [[Gempa bumi Assam-Tibet 1950]]
| 8.7
|-
!12
| {{dts|2005-03-27}}
| {{bendera|Indonesia}}, [[Sumatra]]
| [[Gempa bumi Sumatra 2005]]
| 8.6
|-
!13
| {{dts|1946-04-01}}
| {{bendera|Amerika Serikat}}, [[Alaska]], [[Kepulauan Aleut]]
| [[Gempa bumi Kepulauan Aleut 1946]]
| 8.6
|-
!14
| {{dts|2012-04-11}}
| {{bendera|Indonesia}}, [[Sumatra]]
| [[Gempa bumi Sumatra 2012]]
| 8.6
|-
!15
| {{dts|1787-03-28}}
| {{bendera|Meksiko}}, [[Oaxaca]]
| [[:en:1787 New Spain earthquake|Gempa bumi Spanyol Baru 1787]]
|8.6
|-
!16
| {{dts|1780-01-22}}
| {{bendera|Hindia Belanda}}, [[Jawa]] (Kini [[Indonesia]])
| [[Gempa bumi Jawa 1780]]
| 8.5
|-
!17
| {{dts|1861-02-16}}
| {{bendera|Hindia Belanda}}, [[Sumatra]] (Kini [[Indonesia]])
| [[Gempa bumi Sumatra 1861]]
| 8.5
|-
!18
| {{dts|1868-08-13}}
| {{bendera|Peru}}, [[Arica]]
| [[Gempa bumi Arica 1868]]
| 8.5
|-
!19
| {{dts|1896-06-15}}
| {{bendera|Jepang}}, [[Tōhoku]]
| [[:en:1896 Sanriku earthquake|Gempa bumi Sanriku 1896]]
| 8.5
|-
!20
| {{dts|1922-11-10}}
| {{bendera|Chili}}, [[Atacama]]
| [[Gempa bumi Vallenar 1922]]
|8.5
|-
!21
| {{dts|1938-02-01}}
| {{bendera|Hindia Belanda}}, [[Laut Banda]] (Kini [[Indonesia]])
| [[Gempa bumi Laut Banda 1938]]
| 8.5
|}
== Gempa bumi pada abad ke-21 ==
| 