Perang Inggris–Skotlandia (1650–1652): Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Baris 192:
The army which Leslie and Charles led into England, despite being 12,000 strong, was desperately short of supplies and equipment. The lack of muskets meant many men were equipped with bows. The Scots marched rapidly south and were outside [[Carlisle]] by 8 August 1651. The town refused Charles entry{{#tag:ref|Carlisle was in a position to refuse entry to the Scots as it possessed a garrison and was well fortified.{{sfn|Woolrych|2002|p=495}}|group=keterangan}} and the Scots marched further into England. Cromwell sent two forces, each of about 4,000 mounted men to harass the Scots and followed with his main force of 10,000 men. On 13 August the Parliamentarians attempted to hold the [[Warrington Bridge|bridge at Warrington]], but when the Scots [[Battle of Warrington Bridge (1651)|attacked in force]] the English withdrew. Twenty-two days after leaving Stirling the Scottish army reached [[Worcester, England|Worcester]], having marched some {{convert|330|mi|sigfig=2}}. The exhausted Scots paused in Worcester and hoped Royalist recruits would join them from Wales, the [[Welsh Marches]] and the [[West Country]], but few did.{{sfn|Woolrych|2002|pp=494–497}}{{sfn|Furgol|2002|p=70}}
Charles had hopes of a major Royalist uprising, but very few Englishmen joined the army, partly because they found the prospect of a renewed monarchy bound by the Covenant unedifying. Little military support existed for Charles and this was rapidly suppressed by the Parliamentarians. A force of 1,500 from the [[Isle of Man]] gathered in [[Lancashire]] under the [[James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby|Earl of Derby]] and attempted to join the Royalist army, but they were intercepted at [[Wigan]] on 25 August by Parliamentarian troops and [[Battle of Wigan Lane|defeated]]. The largest single English contingent to join the army was only 60 strong.{{sfn|Woolrych|2002|pp=494–495, 497}} The [[English Council of State]] called up all the troops it could. Large musters took place at [[Northampton]], [[Gloucester]], [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] and [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]]. The London [[trained bands]] assembled 14,000 strong on 25 August and Fairfax secured [[Yorkshire]]. Parliamentarian forces concentrated around the Scottish army, where by the end of August Cromwell had 31,000 men against Charles's 12,000.{{sfn|Woolrych|2002|pp=495–497}} -->
===
{{main|
[[File:Battle of Worcester.jpg|thumb|upright|{{center|''
The defeated army lost more than 2,000 killed, and more than 6,000 Royalists were captured,{{sfn|Woolrych|2002|p=498}} nearly all Scots. The prisoners were either sent to work on drainage projects in [[the Fens]] or transported to North America to work as [[Indentured servitude in British America|forced labour]].{{sfn|Atkin|2004|pp=144–147}} Leslie, along with most of the Royalist commanders, was captured.{{#tag:ref|Leslie was imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]], and remained there until [[Stuart Restoration|Charles II's restoration to the throne]] in 1660.{{sfn|Woolrych|2002|pp=498–499}}|group=keterangan}} Charles managed to escape to the continent.{{sfn|Woolrych|2002|pp=498–499}} In the aftermath of the battle, Worcester was looted by the Parliamentarian army.{{sfn|Atkin|2004|pp=144–147}} Around 3,000 Scottish cavalry escaped northwards; en route back to Scotland they were harried by the local English and many were killed.{{sfn|Woolrych|2002|p=498}}-->
| |||