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{{family name hatnote|Nurbanu|Sultana|lang=Ottoman Turkish}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort = yes
| name = Nurbanu Sultan
|image =
| image = Nurbanu's burial, Shahanshahnama.jpg
Portrait of Mihrimah Sultan or a lady dressed up to look like her.jpg
| caption = PotretProsesi Lukisanpemakaman Sultan Nurbanu, Sultanminiatur Ottoman
| succession = [[Valide Sultan]] dari [[Kekaisaran Ottoman]]
| reign = 15 DecemberDesember 1574 – 7 DecemberDesember 1583
|succession1 = [[Haseki Sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]<br />{{small|(Imperial Consort)}}▼
| predecessor = [[Ayşe Hafsa Sultan]]
|reign1 = 7 September 1566 – 15 December 1574▼
▲| succession1 = [[Haseki Sultan]] of thedari [[Kekaisaran Ottoman Empire]]<br />{{small|(Imperial Consort)}}
|birth_name = Cecilia Venier-Baffo ''atau'' Rachel ''atau'' Kalē Kartanou▼
▲| reign1 = 7 September 1566 – 15 December 1574
|birth_date = {{sekitar}} 1525▼
| predecessor1 = [[Hürrem Sultan]]
|birth_place = [[Paros]], [[Cyclades Islands]], atau [[Corfu]], [[Republik Venesia]]▼
| successor1 = [[Safiye Sultan (istri Murad III)|Safiye Sultan]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1583|12|7|1525|df=yes}}▼
| successor = [[Safiye Sultan (istri Murad III)|Safiye Sultan]]
|death_place = Bahçi Palace, [[Istanbul]], [[Ottoman Empire]]▼
▲| birth_name = Cecilia Venier-Baffo ''atau'' Rachel ''atau'' Kalē Kartanou
|burial_place = [[Masjid Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]]▼
▲| birth_date = {{sekitarcirca}} 15251525–1527
|full name = {{lang-tr|Nurbanu Sultan}} <br/> {{lang-ota|نوربانو سلطان}}▼
▲| birth_place = [[Paros]], [[CycladesKyklades|Kepulauan IslandsKyklades]], atau [[Corfu]], [[Republik Venesia]]?
|spouse = [[Selim II]]▼
▲| death_date = {{death date and age|1583|12|7|1525|df=yes}} (berusia 56–58)
|issue = {{unbulleted list|[[Murad III]]|[[Şah Sultan (daughter of Selim II)|Şah Sultan]]|[[Ismihan Sultan]]|}}▼
▲| death_place = Bahçi[[Istana PalaceTopkapi]], [[Istanbul]], [[OttomanKekaisaran EmpireOttoman]]
|father = ▼
▲| burial_place = [[Masjid Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]]
|mother = ▼
▲| full name = {{lang-tr|Nurbanu Sultan}} <br/> {{lang-ota|نوربانو سلطان}}
|religion = [[Islam]], sebelumnya [[Katholik Roma]] atau [[Yahudi]] atau [[Ortodoks Yunani]]▼
▲| spouse = {{marriage|[[Selim II]]|1571|1574|end=died}}
▲| issue = {{unbulleted list|[[MuradŞah IIISultan (putri Selim II)|Şah Sultan]]|[[ŞahGevherhan Sultan (daughter ofputri Selim II)|ŞahGevherhan Sultan]]|[[Ismihan Sultan]]|[[Murad III]]|[[Fatma Sultan (putri Selim II)|Fatma Sultan]]|}}
▲| father =
▲| mother =
▲| religion = [[Islam Sunni]], sebelumnya [[KatholikKatolik Roma]] atau [[Yahudi]] atau [[Ortodoks Yunani]]
}}
'''Nurbanu Sultan''' (nama lengkap ''Haseki Afife Nûr-Banû Vâlide Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri''; {{lang-ota|نور بانو سلطان}}; "''queen of light''", {{circa}} 1525/1527<ref name=EI/> – 7 DesemberDecember 1583) adalah Haseki Sultan dari [[Kekaisaran Ottoman]] dan istri kesayangansah Sultan [[Selim II]] sekaligus(memerintah 1566–1574), serta [[Valide Sultan]] untuk(ibu putranyaSultana) sebagai ibunda Sultan [[Murad III]] (memerintah 1574–1583). Dia adalah salah satu daritokoh wanitapaling terkuatterkemuka dalampada sejarahmasa Utsmaniyah[[Kesultanan Wanita]]. IaTeori dikatakanyang bertentangan menggambarkan dia berasal dari keturunan bangsawan [[:en:RepublicRepublik of VeniceVenesia|Venesia]], atauseorang [[Yahudi]] [[Spanyol]].<ref>Stanford J. Shaw, {{Google books |id=Xd422lS6ezgC |page=178 |title=History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, Volume 1 }}</ref> Namaatau kelahirannyaYunani<ref dikatakanname="Arbel" adalah/>. RachelNama Olivialahirnya demungkin NasiCecilia Venier-Baffo,<ref>Godfrey Goodwin, ''The Private World of Ottoman Women'', Saqi Book, {{ISBN |0-86356-745-2}}, {{ISBN |3-631-36808-9}}, 2001. page 128,</ref> atau Cecilia Venier-Baffo,Rachel<ref>Valeria Heuberger, Geneviève Humbert, Geneviève Humbert-Knitel, Elisabeth Vyslonzil, ''Cultures in Colors'', page 68. {{ISBN |3-631-36808-9}}, 2001</ref> atau Kalē Kartanou.<ref name=Arbel>Arbel, Benjamin, ''Nur Banu (c. 1530-1583): A Venetian Sultana?'', Turcica, 24 (1992), pp. 241-259.</ref>▼
 
▲'''Nurbanu Sultan''' (nama lengkap ''Haseki Afife Nûr-Banû Vâlide Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri''; {{lang-ota|نور بانو سلطان}}; {{circa}} 1525 – 7 Desember 1583) adalah istri kesayangan Sultan [[Selim II]] sekaligus Valide Sultan untuk putranya [[Murad III]]. Dia adalah salah satu dari wanita terkuat dalam sejarah Utsmaniyah. Ia dikatakan berasal dari keturunan bangsawan [[:en:Republic of Venice|Venesia]] atau [[Yahudi]] [[Spanyol]].<ref>Stanford J. Shaw, {{Google books |id=Xd422lS6ezgC |page=178 |title=History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, Volume 1 }}</ref> Nama kelahirannya dikatakan adalah Rachel Olivia de Nasi,<ref>Godfrey Goodwin, ''The Private World of Ottoman Women'', Saqi Book, ISBN 0-86356-745-2, ISBN 3-631-36808-9, 2001. page 128,</ref> atau Cecilia Venier-Baffo,<ref>Valeria Heuberger, Geneviève Humbert, Geneviève Humbert-Knitel, Elisabeth Vyslonzil, ''Cultures in Colors'', page 68. ISBN 3-631-36808-9, 2001</ref>
<!--
== Theories about her origin ==
Currently, there exist two living theories about the ethnic roots of Nurbanu:
 
=== ''Rachel Olivia de Nasi'' ===
Yosef (Joseph) de Nasi, Duke of Naxos was the son of Samuel de Nasi, and the grandson of Yosef de Nasi, who was a tax farmer (collector) from [[Spain]]. Samuel de Nasi had a brother also named Yosef de Nasi who moved to Paros in the Greek islands.<ref name="nur">{{cite book|author=Peter D Matthews|title=Shakespeare Exhumed: The Bassano Chronicles|publisher=Bassano Publishing House|date=13 Jun 2013|pages=|isbn=978-0-987-36526-2|quote=}}</ref> At the time the Greek islands were under Venetian rule until the Muslim invasion of 1537.<ref name="nur"/> The connections is revealed by the relationship of Rachel Olivia de Nasi who was born in Venice in 1525 to Yosef de Nasi, son of Samuel de Nasi, which places Rachel and [[Joseph Nassi|Joseph de Nasi]] as second cousins, who was in a very close relationship with Nurbanu's husband.<ref name="nur"/> Rachel was therefore related to [[Gracia Mendes Nasi|Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi]] also known by her Christianised name Beatrice de Luna.<ref name="nur"/> During the 1537 war on [[Paros|Páros]], the Venetian born Rachel Olivia de Nasi was abducted and taken to the royal [[harem]] of Ottoman Prince [[Selim II]] in [[Istanbul]] and became his favourite wife.<ref name="nur"/> She was renamed ''"Afife Nurbanu Sultan"''.<ref name="nur"/> Being Jewish, she gave priorities to the Jewish people of [[Istanbul]] and [[Manisa]].<ref name="nur"/> The fact remains that Rachel was Nasi, which is proved by relationships.
 
=== ''Cecilia Vernier-Baffo'' ===
There has been some debate as to whose daughter Rachel Olivia de Nasi was.<ref name="nur"/> The [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] claimed she was the daughter of [[Nicolò Venier]] whose brother [[Sebastiano Venier]] (1496-1578), who became Doge of Venice between 1577 and 1578.<ref name="nur"/> While the Turkish Muslims recorded that she was the natural daughter of Venetian Judean named Yosef de Nasi and Violanta Baffo, who ended up marrying Nicolò Venier.<ref name="nur"/> Other entries confirm that Voilanta Baffo was a mistress to Nicolò Venier, yet Yosef de Nasi is also recorded as the husband of Voilanta Baffo.<ref name="nur"/> More likely Nasi died, which allowed Baffo to remarry to Nicolò Venier (proven fact from relationships.<ref name="nur"/>)
 
Joseph de Nasi, Duke of Naxos, fled Venice to the Ottoman Empire of Prince Selim II and Rachel de Nasi.<ref name="nur"/> This relationship unequivocally confirms that Rachel was the daughter of Yosef Nasi, brother of Benedetto de Nasi, which directly links the two Nasi families to Joseph de Nasi and [[Gracia Mendes Nasi|Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi]].<ref name="nur"/>
 
== Time as consort ==-->
[[Berkas:Portrait Of Sultan Selim II.jpg|jmpl|lurus|Suami Nurbanu, Selim II]]
[[Berkas:Tizian 121.jpg|jmpl|kiri|165px|[[Mihrimah Sultan]], saudara ipar perempuan Nurbanu]]
<!--Nurbanu became the most favored consort of [[Ottoman Sultan]] [[Selim II]], who was put on the throne in 1566, and the mother of [[Murad III]]. She had been the head of his princely harem, however, when he became sultan, she was not head of the imperial harem, as that was a position taken by Selim's elder sister, the acting Valide Sultan, [[Mihrimah Sultan]]. Even after Selim began to take other concubines, she persisted as a favorite for her beauty and intelligence. As mother of the heir-apparent, she acted as an advisor to her husband. Although it was far from normal at the time, Selim II would often ask Nurbanu for her advice on various subjects because of his respect for her good judgment. Jacopo Soranzo, Venetian Ambassador reported: {{bq|text= "The Haseki is said to be extremely well loved and honored by His Majesty both for her great beauty and for being unusually intelligent."{{sfn|Peirce|1993|p=[{{google books|id=L6-VRgVzRcUC|page=228|plainurl=yes}} 228]}}}} She was a devoted wife and a very loyal mother as later events would prove. The Ottoman Empire was far from being very stable at the top and clashes over the imperial throne were common. It was also not uncommon for the loser to have his entire family massacred along with him to prevent any future challenge. Nurbanu Sultan was determined, however, that when the time came for her son to succeed his father, nothing would interfere with that.
 
== Valide Sultan and regent ==
[[File:Sultan Murad III.jpg|thumb|upright|Murad III, to whom Nûr-Banû was a [[Valide sultan]] during 1574 - 1583.]]
Prince Murad had been sent to serve as Governor of Manisa on the Aegean coast and was there when Sultan Selim II died in 1574. This would have been the prefect opportunity for someone to seize power with the Sultan dead and his son away from the capital. Nurbanu realized this as much, if not more, than anyone and took quick action. Security and privacy in the harem were the most strict anywhere and no one knew when Selim II had actually died. Nurbanu told no one and hid the dead body of her husband in an icebox and sent to Manisa for her son to come to Constantinople immediately. All the while no one was the wiser that Sultan Selim II had actually departed this life. It was not made known publicly until twelve days later when Murad arrived and Nurbanu delivered up the body of her late husband. Her son became Sultan [[Murad III]] and Nurbanu became [[Valide Sultan]] (effectively “Queen Mother”), the highest position a woman could hold in the Ottoman Empire. However, once again, she was not completely in charge until the death of [[Mihrimah Sultan]], four years after Selim's. When she did though, she became a formidable figure with far-reaching influence.
 
=== Foreign politics ===
After Nurbanu became the [[valide sultan]] to her son [[Murad III]], she effectively managed the government together with the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] [[Sokollu Mehmed Pasha]], who acted as co-regent with the sultan during the [[Sultanate of Women]]. Her intermediary to the world outside the harem was her "kira", [[Esther Handali]]. "Kira" was so popular means of communication with the outside world when Nûr-Banû was the [[Valide Sultan]] that the two women were said to have been lovers. She corresponded with the queen [[Catherine de' Medici]] of [[France]]. Venetian accounts are the most prolific in describing Nurbanu Sultan as a woman who never forgot her Venetian origins.
[[File:Nurbanu's burial, Shahanshahnama.jpg|thumb|upright|Afife Nûr-Bânû [[Valide Sultan]]'s [[Salat al-Janazah|Ṣalāt al-Janāzah]] and her [[Islamic burial]] ''(Shahan-Shah-Namah-i Lokhmann)'']]
During her nine years of regency (1574–1583), her politics were so pro-Venetian that she was hated by the [[Republic of Genoa]]. Some have even suggested that she was poisoned by a [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] agent. In any case, she died at the palace in the [[Yenikapı]] [[Quarter (country subdivision)|Quarter]], [[Istanbul]] on 7 December 1583. Moreover, it has been said that Nurbanu was related to [[Safiye Sultan]], who was born Sofia Baffo, married Murad III, and consequently became the next [[valide sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] when her own son [[Mehmed III]] acceded to the throne. On the other hand, the Ottoman records claim that the [[Republic of Venice]] became highly dependent on the [[Ottoman Empire]] during the regency of Nurbanu because her policies were allegedly extremely pro-Jewish.
 
=== Charitable establishments and philanthrophy ===
During her nine years of regency, Nurbanu ordered the renowned Ottoman architect [[Mimar Sinan]] to build the [[Atik Valide Mosque]] and its surrounding [[külliye]] at the district of [[Üsküdar]] in [[Istanbul]], where previously a "Jewish bath" was located. The construction of the külliye was completed and put in commission at the end of 1583, just before the demise of Nurbanu on 7 December 1583. She was buried at the [[mausoleum]] of her husband [[Selim II]] located inside the [[Hagia Sophia]] (then a mosque) at [[Sultanahmet, Fatih|Sultanahmet]] in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].-->
[[Berkas:Tomb of Sultan Selim II - 06.JPG|kiri|jmpl|[[:en:türbe|Makam]] Nurbanu terletak di sebelah Selim II pada lapangan [[Hagia Sophia]].]]
 
== Lihat pula ==
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Nurbanu_Sultan"