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=== Yunani Klasik ===
{{Artikel utamaMain|Sejarah Yunani Klasik}}Arkeologi Yunani Klasik (510 SM - 323 SM) didominasi oleh seni, agama, dan perang. Selama periode Klasik, kota-kota Yunani berperang satu sama lain dan menyerang Persia hingga Athena dan Sparta muncul sebagai kota-kota superior setelah [[Perang Yunani-Persia|Perang Persia]] (499–449 SM). Athena dan Sparta bersaing untuk mendapatkan kekuatan tertinggi selama [[Perang Peloponnesos]] (431–404 SM). Situasi perang di seluruh wilayah menyebabkan perkembangan signifikan permukiman, arsitektur, dan kerajinan tangan.{{Sfn|Mee|(2011)|p=31|ps=, "The Greek cities were often at war with each other but it was the expansion of the Persian empire that really endangered their existence. (...) The psychological impact of these victories reshaped the way the Greeks thought of themselves. Athens and Sparta emerged from the Persian Wars as the dominant Greek states, and the history of the fifth century is mainly the story of their rivalry which culminated in the Peloponnesian War of 431 – 404."}}
