Negara penjaga malam: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[File:The_Night_Watch_-_HD.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:The_Night_Watch_-_HD.jpg|jmpl|300x300px|Istilah ini diciptakan oleh [[Ferdinand Lassalle]] dan berasal dari sistem [[penjaga]] yang digunakan oleh berbagai kota di Eropa mulai periode abad pertengahan. Milisi sukarela berfungsi sebagai [[penjaga kota]] untuk kepolisian internal dan melawan agresi eksternal.]]
{{Kotak samping libertarianisme|Konsep}}
Dalam [[filsafat politik]] [[libertarianisme kanan|libertarian]], '''negara penjaga malam''' ({{lang-de|Nachtwächterstaat}}) atau '''minarkisme''' adalah negara yang hanya mengurusi [[militer]], [[kepolisian]], [[pengadilan]] untuk melindungi warganya dari [[agresi]], [[pencurian]], [[pelanggaran kontrak]], [[penipuan]], dan menegakkan [[hukum kepemilikan]]. Negara lantas hanya berperan sebagai penegak [[prinsip non-agresi]].<ref name="gregory">Gregory, Anthony.[http://www.strike-the-root.com/4/gregory/gregory6.html The Minarchist's Dilemma]. ''[[Strike The Root]]''. 10 May 2004.</ref><ref>[http://www.peikoff.com/2011/03/07/what-role-should-certain-specific-governments-play-in-objectivist-government What role should certain specific governments play in Objectivist government? - Leonard Peikoff] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912094317/http://www.peikoff.com/2011/03/07/what-role-should-certain-specific-governments-play-in-objectivist-government |date=2014-09-12 }}/</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peikoff.com/2011/10/03/interview-with-yaron-brook-on-economic-issues-in-todays-world-part-1/|title=Interview with Yaron Brook on economic issues in today’s world (Part 1). « Featured Podcast « Peikoff|website=www.peikoff.com|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2014-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912102312/http://www.peikoff.com/2011/10/03/interview-with-yaron-brook-on-economic-issues-in-todays-world-part-1/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Sejarawan [[Charles Townshend (sejarawan)|Charles Townshend]] menyebut Britania Raya abad ke-19 sebagai contoh utama negara penjaga malam di antara negara-negara Eropa.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford History of Modern War|last=Townshend|first=Charles|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-19-285373-2|7=|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofm00town}} “Britain, however, with its strong tradition of minimal government — the ‘night-watchman state’ — vividly illustrated the speed of the shift [during World War I] from normalcy to drastic and all-embracing wartime powers like those contained in the Defence of the Realm Act.” ''(pp. 14-15)''</ref> Di Amerika Serikat, [[bentuk pemerintahan]] ini sangat dikaitkan dengan paham [[libertarianisme]] dan [[Objektivisme|obyektivisme]]. Di negara lain, minarkisme juga didukung oleh beberapa [[Sosialisme libertarian|sosialis libertarian]] non-anarkis dan [[Libertarianisme sayap kiri|libertarian kiri]] lainnya.<ref name="Hain 2000">Hain, Peter (July/August 2000). [https://www.chartist.org.uk/articles/britpol/july_hain.html "Rediscovering our libertarian roots"]. ''Chartist''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621010116/https://www.chartist.org.uk/articles/britpol/july_hain.html|date=June 21, 2013}}. Retrieved February 1, 2020.</ref><ref name="Marshall 2009">Marshall, Peter (2009) [1991]. ''[[Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism]]'' (POLS ed.). Oakland, California: PM Press. [https://books.googlecomt/books?id=QDWIOL_KtGYC&pg=PA641&dq=Left+libertarianism+can+therefore+range+from+the+decentralist+who+wishes+to+limit+and+devolve+State+power,+to+the+syndicalist+who+wants+to+abolish+it+altogether.+It+can+even+encompass+the+Fabians+and+the+social+democrats+who+wish+to+socialize+the+economy+but+who+still+see+a+limited+role+for+the+State&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9kfqN0bDnAhVDPFAKHcwfAngQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Left%20libertarianism%20can%20therefore%20range%20from%20the%20decentralist%20who%20wishes%20to%20limit%20and%20devolve%20State%20power%2C%20to%20the%20syndicalist%20who%20wants%20to%20abolish%20it%20altogether.%20It%20can%20even%20encompass%20the%20Fabians%20and%20the%20social%20democrats%20who%20wish%20to%20socialize%20the%20economy%20but%20who%20still%20see%20a%20limited%20role%20for%20the%20State&f=false p. 641]{{Dead link|date=February 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. "Left libertarianism can therefore range from the decentralist who wishes to limit and devolve State power, to the syndicalist who wants to abolish it altogether. It can even encompass the Fabians and the social democrats who wish to socialize the economy but who still see a limited role for the State." {{ISBN|978-1604860641}}.</ref>
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