|
}}
'''New York''' atau '''York Baru''' adalah sebuah negara bagian Amerika Serikat di [[Amerika Serikat Timur Laut]]. Terkadang New York atau York Barukadang-kadang disebut '''New York State''' (Negara bagian New York atau Negara York Baru) untuk membedakannya dari kota terbesarnya yaitu [[Kota New York|New York City]]. New York memiliki luas total 54.556 mil persegi (141.300 km²km2),<ref name="area" /> sehingga menjadi [[Daftar negara bagian dan teritori Amerika Serikat berdasarkan wilayah|negara bagian terbesar ke-27]] secara geografis. New York memiliki 20,2 juta penduduk, menjadikannya sebagai [[Daftar negara bagian dan teritori Amerika Serikat menurut populasi|negara bagian terpadat keempat]] di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2021, dengan sekitar 44% hunitinggal di [[Kota New York]] dan 14% sisa lainnya berada di [[Long Island]].<ref name="PopHousingEst" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=2010 to 2020 Population Estimate Totals|url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2010-2020/state/totals/nst-est2020.xlsx/|website=United States Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319054134/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2010-2020/state/totals/nst-est2020.xlsx|archive-date=March 19, 2021|access-date=March 16, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Census finds New York's population increased 4%|url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/census-bureau-population-new-york-1.50228203|website=Newsday|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 24, 2021|title=New York had record-breaking population decline during pandemic|url=https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/New-York-s-population-fell-more-than-any-other-16722613.php|website=Times Union|access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref> New York berbatasan dengan [[New Jersey]] dan [[Pennsylvania]] di selatan, dan [[Connecticut]], [[Massachusetts]], dan [[Vermont]] di timur; New York memiliki [[Batas laut|perbatasan laut]] dengan [[Rhode Island]], timur dari Long Island, serta perbatasan secara internasional dengan [[Provinsi Kanada|provinsi]] [[Québec|Quebec]] di Kanada pada bagian utara dan [[Ontario]] di barat laut.
New York City (NYC) adalah [[Daftar kota di Amerika Serikat menurut jumlah penduduk|kota terpadat di Amerika Serikat]], dan sekitar setengah dari populasi Negaranegara bagian New York menghunitinggal di [[Kawasan metropolitan New York|wilayah metropolitan New York]].<ref>{{cite web|year=2003–2006|title=World's Largest Urban Areas [Ranked by Urban Area Population]|url=http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm|publisher=Rhett Butler|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091009143739/http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm|archive-date=October 9, 2009|access-date=August 2, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 100 World Metropolitan Areas Ranked by Population|url=https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/world_cities/largest_cities-world.htm|website=[[Baruch College]] of the [[City University of New York]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308082544/https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/world_cities/largest_cities-world.htm|archive-date=March 8, 2019|access-date=January 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> NYC adalah rumah untukbagi markas besar [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]],<ref>{{cite web|year=2012|title=Office of the Mayor Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/home/home.shtml|publisher=The City of New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701001044/http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/home/home.shtml|archive-date=July 1, 2014|access-date=August 2, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> dan NYC telah digambarkan sebagai ibu kota [[Budaya Kota New York|budaya]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture|url=http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/Culture/intro.htm|publisher=The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505181316/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/culture/intro.htm|archive-date=May 5, 2013|access-date=August 2, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="culture4">{{cite web|title=New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton ... [et al.]|url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497|website=[[National Library of Australia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124220724/https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497|archive-date=January 24, 2021|access-date=August 2, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wall Street|keuangan]],<ref name="WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter">{{cite web|date=July 31, 2011|title=Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S.|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/top-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8|publisher=Business Insider, Inc|access-date=October 28, 2015|quote=For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world.}}{{cite web|title=PAL sets introductory fares to New York|url=http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2/|publisher=[[Philippine Airlines]]|access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref name="NYCDominantFinancialCenter">{{cite web|author=Jones|first=Huw|date=January 27, 2020|title=New York surges ahead of Brexit-shadowed London in finance: survey|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-banks/new-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE|website=|publisher=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113042757/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-banks/new-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE|archive-date=January 13, 2021|access-date=January 27, 2020|quote=New York remains the world's top financial center, pushing London further into second place as Brexit uncertainty undermines the UK capital and Asian centers catch up, a survey from consultants Duff & Phelps said on Monday.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-31-explore-data/gfci-31-rank/] Accessed March 29, 2022.</ref> dan [[Media di Kota New York|media]] dunia,<ref>{{cite web|author=Richter|first=Felix|date=March 11, 2015|title=New York Is The World's Media Capital|url=https://www.statista.com/chart/3299/new-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital/|website=|publisher=Statista|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121052653/https://www.statista.com/chart/3299/new-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital/|archive-date=January 21, 2021|access-date=May 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ennis|first=Dawn|date=May 24, 2017|title=ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/|website=|publisher=LGBTQ Nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124221230/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/|archive-date=January 24, 2021|access-date=May 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> serta kota yang paling kuat secara ekonomi di dunia.<ref name="WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter" /><ref name="EconomicallyPowerful2015">{{cite news|author=Florida|first=Richard|date=March 3, 2015|title=Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City|url=http://www.citylab.com/work/2015/03/sorry-london-new-york-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/386315/|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113204206/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-03/the-world-s-most-economically-powerful-cities-in-2015|archive-date=November 13, 2020|access-date=March 25, 2015|quote=Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.|url-status=live|website=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Florida|first=Richard|date=May 8, 2012|title=What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/05/what-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/256841/|website=|publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105224458/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/05/what-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/256841/|archive-date=January 5, 2021|access-date=March 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Lima kota terpadat berikutnya di Negaranegara bagian New York adalah [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[Yonkers, New York|Yonkers]], [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], dan ibu kota Negaranegara bagian New York yaitu [[Albany, New York|Albany]].
New York memiliki geografi yang beragam. Bagian tenggara negara bagian New York, merupakan daerah yang dikenal sebagai [[Downstate New York|Downstate]] yang berada di [[dataran pantai Atlantik]], mencakup Long Island dan beberapa pulau kecil yang terkait, New York City dan [[Lembah Sungai Hudson]] bagian bawah. Wilayah [[Upstate New York]] yang jauh lebih besar, menyebar dari Great Lakes ke Danau Champlain dan perbatasan Pennsylvania, serta mencakup topografi yang beragam berbagai wilayah termasuk [[Pegunungan Adirondack]] di [[North Country (New York)|lobus timur laut]] negara bagian New York. New York juga meliputi beberapa kawasan jajaran Pegunungan Appalachian yang luas. Lembah [[Sungai Mohawk]] timur-barat merupakan lembah sungai utama yang membelah banyak wilayah pegunungan dan menghubungkan ke lembah Sungai Hudson utara-selatan di wilayah Ibukota New York. [[Western New York]] merupakan bagian dari [[wilayah Great Lakes]] dan berbatasan dengan Great Lakes of [[Lake Ontario]] dan [[Lake Erie]], serta [[Air Terjun Niagara]]. Antara bagian tengah negara bagian New York dan bagian barat negara bagian New York didominasi oleh [[Finger Lakes]] sebagai tempat tujuan wisata dan liburan yang populer.
New York merupakan salah satu dari [[Tiga Belas Koloni|tiga belas koloni]] yang membentuk Amerika Serikat. Area yang menjadi New York saat ini, sejak dahulu telah dihuni oleh suku-suku [[Algonquians]] dan konfederasi [[Iroquois]] sebagai penghunipenduduk asli Amerika selama beberapa ratus tahun pada saat orang Eropa paling awal tiba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Zumbusch|first1=Amelie von|last2=Faust|first2=Daniel R.|date=July 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUZgDwAAQBAJ|title=The First Peoples of New York|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc|isbn=978-1-4777-7304-8}}</ref> [[Kolonisasi Prancis di Amerika|Kolonis Prancis]] dan [[Yesuit|misionaris Jesuit]] tiba ke selatan dari [[Montreal]] untuk berdagang dan [[Proselitisme|berdakwah]]. Pada tahun 1609, wilayah itu dikunjungi oleh [[Henry Hudson]] yang berlayar untuk [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie|Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Henry Hudson and His Crew Sailed into the River that Would Bear His Name|url=http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_hudson_1.html|website=[[Library of Congress]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124222220/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_hudson_1.html|archive-date=January 24, 2021|access-date=January 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Belanda membangun [[Benteng Nassau]] dipada tahun 1614 di pertemuan sungai Hudson dan Mohawk, di mana ibukota Albany kemudian berkembang.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Fort Nassau {{!}} A Tour of New Netherland|url=https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/albany/fort-nassau/|website=New Netherland Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124223040/https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/albany/fort-nassau/|archive-date=January 24, 2021|access-date=January 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Belanda segera juga menetap di [[Nieuw Amsterdam|New Amsterdam]] yang merupakan bagian dari Lembah Hudson serta mendirikan koloni multietnis [[New Netherland]] sebagai pusat perdagangan dan imigrasi. Inggris merebut koloni New Netherland dari Belanda dipada tahun 1664, dengan Belanda merebut kembali koloni mereka dipada tahun 1673 sebelum secara definitif menyerahkannya kepada Inggris sebagai bagian dari [[Perjanjian Westminster (1756)|Perjanjian Westminster]] pada tahun berikutnya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Greenspan|first=Jesse|title=The Dutch Surrender New Netherland|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-dutch-surrender-new-netherland-350-years-ago|website=History|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124223204/https://www.history.com/news/the-dutch-surrender-new-netherland-350-years-ago|archive-date=January 24, 2021|access-date=January 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Selama Perang Revolusi Amerika (1775-1783), sekelompok penjajah dari [[Provinsi New York]] berusaha untuk mengambil alih koloni Inggris dan akhirnya berhasil membangun kemerdekaan. Pada awal abad ke-19, perkembangan dalam negeri di New York, dimulai dengan [[Terusan Erie|Kanal Erie]] yang memberikan keunggulan yang tak tertandingi dibandingkan wilayah lain di pantai timur dalam membangun kekuasaan politik dan budayanya.<ref name="Roberts">{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=June 26, 2017|title=200 Years Ago, Erie Canal Got Its Start as Just a 'Ditch'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/26/nyregion/history-of-the-erie-canal.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032248/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/26/nyregion/history-of-the-erie-canal.html|archive-date=November 12, 2020|access-date=July 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Banyak landmark di New York yang terkenal, termasuk empat dari sepuluh tempat wisata paling banyak dikunjungi di dunia pada tahun 2013: [[Times Square]], [[Central Park]], [[Air Terjun Niagara]], dan [[Grand Central Terminal]].<ref name="Ann Shields">{{cite web|author=Ann Shields|date=November 10, 2014|title=The World's 50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions—No. 3: Times Square, New York City—Annual Visitors: 50,000,000|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/slideshows/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/5|publisher=Travel+Lesiure|access-date=July 17, 2015|quote=No.{{nbs}}3 Times Square, New York City—Annual Visitors: 50,000,000{{nbs}}... No.{{nbs}}4 (tie) Central Park, New York City—Annual Visitors: 40,000,000{{nbs}}... No.{{nbs}}9 Niagara Falls, New York and Ontario—Annual Visitors: 22,000,000{{nbs}}... No.{{nbs}}10 Grand Central Terminal, New York City—Annual Visitors: 21,600,000}}</ref> New York is also home to the [[Statue of Liberty]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Statue of Liberty|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307|work=World Heritage|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=July 17, 2015}}</ref> New York juga merupakan tempat bagi [[Patung Liberty]]. Pada abad ke-21, New York telah muncul sebagai simpul global kreativitas dan [[Kewiraswastaan|kewirausahaan]],<ref name="VentureCapitalNY1">{{cite web|title=Venture Investment—Regional Aggregate Data|url=http://nvca.org/research/venture-investment/|publisher=National Venture Capital Association and PricewaterhouseCoopers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408104240/http://nvca.org/research/venture-investment/|archive-date=April 8, 2016|access-date=April 22, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Toleransi|toleransi sosial]],<ref name="SocialToleranceNY1">{{cite news|author=Matt Flegenheimer|date=March 23, 2016|title=Ted Cruz Deplores 'Liberal, Left-Wing Values' While Lobbying for New York Votes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/03/23/ted-cruz-deplores-liberal-left-wing-values-while-lobbying-for-new-york-votes/|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=April 22, 2016}}</ref> dan [[Keberlanjutan|kelestarian lingkungan]].<ref name="EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY1">{{cite news|date=April 22, 2016|title=The Latest: China Hopes US Joins Climate Deal Quickly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/04/22/world/ap-un-united-nations-climate-agreement-the-latest.html?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|agency=Associated Press|access-date=April 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY2">{{cite news|author=Lisa Foderaro|date=September 21, 2014|title=Taking a Call for Climate Change to the Streets|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|newspaper=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921174331/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|archive-date=2014-09-21|access-date=April 22, 2016|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Daftar perguruan tinggi dan universitas di New York (negara bagian)|New York memiliki sekitar 200 perguruan tinggi dan universitas]], termasuk diantaranya [[State University of New York]]. Beberapa universitas di New York telah masuk dalam peringkat 100 besar di nasional dan dunia.<ref name="usnews">{{cite web|title=2020 Best National University Rankings|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities|website=www.usnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2015.html|publisher=ShanghaiRanking Consultancy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030134046/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2015.html|archive-date=October 30, 2015|access-date=August 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CWUR 2015—World University Rankings|url=http://cwur.org/2015/|publisher=Center for World University Rankings|access-date=August 27, 2015}}</ref>{{TOC limit|3}}
== Sejarah ==
|
