Sabelianisme: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 76:
Tertulianus membeberkan sikap para pengikut Prakseas sebagai berikut:
<blockquote>Lantaran dibantah dari semua sisi dalam ihwal perbedaan antara Bapa dan Putra, yang kita pegang teguh tanpa mencederai kesatuannya yang tak terceraikan... mereka pun berusaha menafsirkan perbedaan itu dengan cara yang bagaimana pun juga akan selaras dengan pendapat mereka sendiri, yaitu sehingga semuanya di dalam satu Oknum. Mereka membedakan keduanya, Bapa dan Putra, dengan memaknai Putra sebagai daging, yakni manusia, yaitu Yesus; dan memaknai Bapa sebagai roh, yakni Allah, yaitu Kritus. Oleh sebab itu, sekalipun menyimpulkan bahwa Bapa dan Putra adalah satu dan sama, pada kenyataannya kesimpulan tersebut mereka awali dengan memecah-belah alih-alih menyatukan Bapa dan Putra.”<ref name="Against Praxeas">{{cite web|last1=Tertullian|first1=of Carthage|title=Against Praxeas|url=https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.v.ix.xxvii.html |website=Christian Classics Ethereal Library |access-date=29 Mei 2017}}</ref></blockquote>
In passages of scripture such as Matthew 3:16-17 where the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are separated in the text and witness, modalists view this phenomenon as confirming God's [[omnipresence]], and His ability to [[omnipotence|manifest himself as he pleases]]. Oneness Pentecostals and Modalists attempt to dispute the traditional doctrine of eternal co-existent union, while affirming the Christian doctrine of God taking on flesh as Jesus Christ. Like Trinitarians, Oneness adherents attest that Jesus Christ is fully God and fully man. However, Trinitarians believe that the "Word of God," the eternal second Person of the Trinity,<ref name="Contra Gentes Part III">{{cite web|last1=St. Athanasius|first1=of Alexandria|title=Contra Gentes Part III|url=https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf204.vi.ii.iii.xii.html|website=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref> was manifest as the Son of God by taking humanity to Himself and by glorifying that Humanity to equality with God through His resurrection, in eternal union with His own Divinity.<ref name="The Incarnation of the Word">{{cite web|last1=St. Athanasius|first1=of Alexandria|title=The Incarnation of the Word|url=https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf204.vii.ii.viii.html|website=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref> In contrast, Oneness adherents hold that the One and Only true God—Who manifests Himself in any way He chooses, including as Father, Son and Holy Spirit (though not choosing to do so in an eternally simultaneous manner)—became man in the temporary role of Son.<ref>{{cite web|title=The End of the "Son"|url=http://www.christiandefense.com/one_introduction.htm#theend|website=ChristianDefense.com|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref> Many Oneness Pentecostals have also placed a strongly [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] distinction between Jesus' humanity and Divinity<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dulle|first1=Jason|title=Avoiding the Achilles Heels...|url=http://www.onenesspentecostal.com/ugstsymposium.htm|website=OnenessPentecostal.com|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref> as in the example compared with Tertullian's statement above.
Golongan Pentakosta Keesaan dan golongan-golongan [[modalisme|modalis]] lainnya dicap sebagai ahli bidat oleh umat Kristen Katolik, Kristen Ortodoks, dan golongan-golongan umat Kristen arus utama lainnya, lantaran mendustakan kewujudan harfiah Putra terkasih Allah yang turun dari Surga, termasuk kewujudan-Nya yang kekal; menolak suksesi langsung karunia-karunia dan wewenang rasuli melalui pentahbisan uskup; mendustakan jati diri umat Kristen arus utama sebagai Tubuh yang diperanakkan Allah dan Gereja yang didirikan Kristus; serta menolak ketetapan konsili-[[konsili oikumenis|konsili oikumene]] seperti [[Syahadat Nikea|Konsili Nikea dan Konsili Konstantinopel]], termasuk keimanan kepada Tritunggal Mahakudus. Jika banyak kaum Tunggalis adalah penganut Arianisme, maka kaum modalis justru membedakan dirinya dari kaum Tunggalis [[Arianisme|Arian]] maupun [[Semi-Arianisme|Semiarian]] dengan mengamini [[Ke-Allah-an menurut Kekristenan|Ke-Allah-an]] paripurna Kristus, sementara pandangan Arian maupun Semiarian menyatakan bahwa Kristus tidak sehakikat ({{lang-el|οὐσία}}, ''ousia'') dengan Allah Bapa, dan oleh karena itu tidak setara dengan Allah Bapa. Dionisius, Uskup Roma, memaparkan pemahaman Kekristenan tradisional tentang Arianisme maupun Sabelianisme di dalam risalah ''Melawan Kaum Sabelian'', sekitar tahun 262. Sama seperti Hipolitus, ia juga menjelaskan bahwa kedua bidat itu sebagai dua kutub ekstrem yang saling berseberangan dalam usaha memahami Putra Allah, karena Arianisme menyalahartikan ketidaksamaan Putra dengan Bapa, sementara Sabelianisme menyalahartikan kesetaraan Putra dengan Bapa. In fact, he also repudiated the idea of three Gods as error as well.<ref name="Against Sabellians"/> While Arianism and Sabellianism may appear to be diametrically opposed, the former claiming Christ to be created and the latter claiming Christ is
Hippolytus' account of the excommunication of Noetus is as follows: <blockquote>When the blessed presbyters heard this, they summoned him before the Church, and examined him. But he denied at first that he held such opinions. Afterwards, however, taking shelter among some, and having gathered round him some others who had embraced the same error, he wished thereafter to uphold his dogma openly as correct. And the blessed presbyters called him again before them, and examined him. But he stood out against them, saying, “What evil, then, am I doing in glorifying Christ?” And the presbyters replied to him, “We too know in truth one God; we know Christ; we know that the Son suffered even as He suffered, and died even as He died, and rose again on the third day, and is at the right hand of the Father, and cometh to judge the living and the dead. And these things which we have learned we allege.” Then, after examining him, they expelled him from the Church. And he was carried to such a pitch of pride, that he established a school.<ref name="Against the Heresy of Noetus"/></blockquote> -->
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