Samsara (Buddhisme): Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k →Karakteristik: -(nafsu keinginan) +("nafsu keinginan") |
|||
Baris 9:
Dalam [[Buddhisme]], ''saṃsāra'' adalah "siklus kehidupan, kematian, dan kelahiran kembali yang terus menerus dan sarat [[Penderitaan (Buddhisme)|penderitaan]], tanpa awal dan akhir".{{sfn|Wilson|2010}}{{sfn|Laumakis|2008|p=97}} Dalam beberapa ''[[Sutta Piṭaka|sutta]]'', khususnya [[Saṁyutta Nikāya]] 15, disebutkan, "Dari suatu awal yang tidak dapat diketahui, muncullah kelahiran kembali. Titik awalnya tidak dapat diketahui, meskipun makhluk-makhluk yang terhalang oleh [[Ketidaktahuan (Buddhisme)|ketidaktahuan]] dan terbelenggu oleh [[nafsu keinginan]] terlahir kembali dan mengembara."<ref>http://suttacentral.net/en/sn15.3 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330180444/https://suttacentral.net/en/sn15.3|date=2017-03-30}} - SN 15.3 Assu-sutta</ref> Samsara merujuk pada siklus kelahiran dan kematian yang tidak pernah berakhir, dalam enam jenis alam realitas (''gati'', [[Loka (Buddhisme)|domain keberadaan]]; juga dikenal dengan kategorisasi yang berbeda dalam aliran [[Theravāda]]),{{refn|group=note|name=realms2}}{{sfn|Bowker|1997}} mengembara dari satu kehidupan ke kehidupan lain tanpa arah atau tujuan tertentu.{{sfn|Gethin|1998|p=119}}{{sfn|Ajahn Sucitto|2010|pp=37-38}}{{refn|Samsara adalah siklus kelahiran kembali yang terus-menerus dan berulang dalam enam jenis alam kehidupan:
* Damien Keown: "Although Buddhist doctrine holds that neither the beginning of the process of cyclic rebirth nor its end can ever be known with certainty, it is clear that the number of times a person may be reborn is almost infinite. This process of repeated rebirth is known as saṃsāra or 'endless wandering', a term suggesting continuous movement like the flow of a river. All living creatures are part of this cyclic movement and will continue to be reborn until they attain nirvana."{{sfn|Keown|2000|loc=Kindle locations 702-706}}
* Ajahn Sucitto: "This continued movement is [...] what is meant by samsāra, the wandering on. According to the Buddha, this process doesn't even stop with death—it's like the habit transfers almost genetically to a new consciousness and body."{{sfn|Ajahn Sucitto|2010|pp=37-38}}|group=note|name="realms"}} Samsara dicirikan oleh ''[[dukkha]]'' ("penderitaan, tidak memuaskan,
* John Bowker: "In Buddhism, samsāra is the cycle of continuing appearances through the domains of existence (gati), but with no Self (anātman, [ātman means the enduring, immortal self]) being reborn: there is only the continuity of consequence, governed by karma."<ref group=web name=nalanda1>John Bowker. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 24 November 2012 [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Sasra.html "Saṃsāra."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023171439/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Sasra.html |date=2010-10-23 }};<br>{{cite book|author=John Bowker|title=God: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Te9wBAAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-870895-7|pages=84–86|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-date=2017-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122185207/https://books.google.com/books?id=Te9wBAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Chogyam Trungpa menyatakan: "Cyclic existence [is] the continual repetitive cycle of birth, death, and [[bardo]] that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. (...) Samsara arises out of ignorance and is characterized by suffering."{{sfn|Chogyam Trungpa|2009|p=137}} Chogyam Trungpa's description includes a reference to the ''bardo'', or intermediate state, that is emphasized in the Tibetan tradition.
| |||